奥地利学派懂得什么?——反向解读《动物精神》

石头时代

来自: 石头时代(选择自由的人,要背负自私的罪名) 组长
2010-08-19 17:26:28

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  • 石头时代

    石头时代 (选择自由的人,要背负自私的罪名) 组长 楼主 2010-08-19 18:07:14

    这话说得,我压力好大。 写着玩的,最近老被奥派批幼稚,郁闷······

  • 石头时代

    石头时代 (选择自由的人,要背负自私的罪名) 组长 楼主 2010-08-19 22:03:18

    至于他与新古典的“结盟”,只是感觉这个视角比较好玩,就写了下来。 ———————————————— 指“朝圣山”学社的建立。

  • 石头时代

    石头时代 (选择自由的人,要背负自私的罪名) 组长 楼主 2010-08-19 23:29:20

    第一部分是攻击奥派的方法论,我觉得你如果将重心放置这部分的错误纰漏,会更有说服了。“他们所做的一切事情,都是其“满足感”的体现。自然,在这样的演进逻辑下,“哪怕洪水滔天”也只是正常的波动。 ”。貌似历史上周期往复的经济萧条更在说明那些学说的“不可用”吧。 —————————————————————— 看这篇:http://www.douban.com/group/topic/13394089/ 其实我已经写过了,却被奥派的人骂得厉害·····

  • 石头时代

    石头时代 (选择自由的人,要背负自私的罪名) 组长 楼主 2010-08-19 23:30:18

    回LS: 这一篇算是写着玩,想到哪写到哪,有点回溯经济史的味道。 至于他与新古典的“结盟”,只是感觉这个视角比较好玩,就写了下来。 话说严谨的会被批,还不如写些东拉西扯,蛮有意思的当读物读读,反正都是玩呗。 不过写的时候确实感觉很多地方链接不大好,我现在还在改,呵呵。

  • 石头时代

    石头时代 (选择自由的人,要背负自私的罪名) 组长 楼主 2010-08-20 09:04:42

    理想主义者似乎是不可战胜的。因为只要现存的安排与理想不一致,他们永远能够“论证”,只要采用更理想的做法一定能够解决所有问题。固定汇率守不住了吗?那就是因为范围还不够大,强度还不够牢,或承诺执行的时间不够长,以至于人们的预期还不够固定。对策也简单——更大范围、更长时间、更可靠的承诺和更固定的汇率就是了。他们回避基本的历史和现实,即原本统一的贵金属货币制度就是因为守不住了,才引出汇率问题的;而恰恰是试图以固定汇率解决货币币值不稳定的麻烦,才屡屡酿成大祸。也许是成功地回避了历史与现实,他们的“主张”才显得如此滔滔雄辩。(http://zhouqiren.blog.sohu.com/154322510.html) __________________________________ 面对不可战胜的理想主义者,我还有什么好说的呢? 你们自己玩自己的吧,哈哈·······

  • 石头时代

    石头时代 (选择自由的人,要背负自私的罪名) 组长 楼主 2010-08-20 12:33:32

    Why animal spirits can cause markets to break down The push for financial regulatory reform has highlighted an important debate surrounding the Efficient Markets Hypothesis, the idea that market prices are rationally determined and fully reflect all available information. If true, the EMH implies that regulation is largely unnecessary because markets allocate resources and risks efficiently via the “invisible hand”. However, critics of the EMH argue that human behaviour is hardly rational but is driven by “animal spirits” that generate market bubbles and busts, and regulation is essential for reining in misbehaviour. Initially confined to academia, the battle between EMH disciples and behaviouralists has spilled over to central bankers, regulators and politicians, and the new regulatory lands- cape may depend on the outcome of this conflict. The strong convictions fuelling this debate have created a false dichotomy between the two schools of thought – in fact, both perspectives contain elements of truth, but neither is a complete picture of economic reality. Markets do function quite efficiently most of the time, aggregating vast amounts of disparate information into a single number – the price – on the basis of which millions of decisions are made. This feature of capitalism is an example of Surowiecki's “wisdom of crowds”. But every so often, markets can break down, and the wisdom of crowds can become the “madness of mobs”. Why do markets break down? Animal spirits! Recent neuroscientific research has shown that what we consider to be “rational” behaviour is the outcome of a balance among several brain functions, including emotion, logical deliberation and memory. If that balance is upset – say, by the stimulus of a life-threatening event – reason may be cast aside in favour of more instinctive behaviours such as herding or the fight-or-flight response. Although few of us encounter such threats on a daily basis, much of our instincts are still adapted to the plains of the African savannah 50,000 years ago. Brain scans have shown these same instincts can be triggered by more modern threats such as shame, social rejection and financial loss. And as social animals, humans will react en masse if the perceived threat is significant enough, occasionally culminating in lynch mobs, riots, bank runs and market crashes. Markets are not always efficient, nor are they always irrational – they are adaptive. This Adaptive Markets Hypothesis – essentially an evolutionary biologist's view of market dynamics – is at odds with economic orthodoxy, which has been heavily influenced by mathematics and physics. This orthodoxy has emerged for good reason: economists have made genuine scientific breakthroughs, such as general equilibrium theory, game theory, portfolio optimisation and derivatives pricing models. But any virtue can become a vice when carried to an extreme. The formality of mathematics and physics, in which mainstream economics is routinely dressed, can give outsiders – especially business leaders, regulators, and policymakers – a false sense of precision regarding our models' outputs. From an evolutionary perspective, markets are simply one more set of tools that Homo Sapiens has developed in his ongoing struggle for survival. Occasionally, even the most reliable tools can break or be misapplied. The AMH offers an internally consistent framework in which the EMH and behavioural biases can coexist. Behaviour that may seem irrational is, instead, behaviour that has not yet had time to adapt to modern contexts. For example, the great white shark moves through water with fearsome grace, thanks to 400m years of natural selection. But place it on a beach, and its flailing will look . . . irrational. The origins of human behaviour are similar, differing only in the length of time we have had to adapt to our environment (about 2m years), and the speed with which that environment is now changing. Like the six blind monks who encountered an elephant for the first time – each monk grasping a different part of the beast, and coming to a wholly different conclusion as to what an elephant is – disciples of the EMH and behavioural finance have captured different features of the same adaptive system. The implications of the AMH for regulatory reform are significant. Markets can be trusted to function properly in normal times, but if humans are subject to emotional extremes, animal spirits may overwhelm rationality, even among regulators and policymakers. Therefore, fixed rules that ignore changing environments will almost always have unint- ended consequences: those enacted in the aftermath of crisis may be too severe during normal times, and those repealed after long periods of prosperity may lead to future excesses. The only way to break this vicious cycle is to recognise its origin – adaptive behaviour – and design equally adaptive regulations to counterbalance human nature. Writer:Andrew Lo The writer is Harris & Harris Group Professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management

  • 石头时代

    石头时代 (选择自由的人,要背负自私的罪名) 组长 楼主 2010-08-20 12:33:54

    另外一篇帖子里的,你应该没看到吧?

  • 石头时代

    石头时代 (选择自由的人,要背负自私的罪名) 组长 楼主 2010-08-20 15:33:44

    贴了这么久才看到,晕······

  • 石头时代

    石头时代 (选择自由的人,要背负自私的罪名) 组长 楼主 2010-08-20 17:59:34

    这哥们我也是头次看到他的文章,呵呵····

  • 石头时代

    石头时代 (选择自由的人,要背负自私的罪名) 组长 楼主 2010-08-21 14:15:36

    我也奇怪怎么又跑出来一个华人经济学家,而且还是名校的,从郎咸平开始,海龟经济学家就如雨后春笋般出现。 想起原来看过一本宋顺峰编的《经济学》。一翻吓一跳,每章都是由知名美国院校的顶尖华人经济学家单独撰写,而且每章的撰稿人都不一样。 现在在美国的华人经济学家还真是为数不少。随时都有可能出现“新的”华人经济学家。

  • 石头时代

    石头时代 (选择自由的人,要背负自私的罪名) 组长 楼主 2010-12-28 12:18:24

    恰恰是持续扩张的货币政策 -------------------------- 1.如何认定是扩张的货币政策?2.我批评的是失信于民的突然紧缩。

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