Grapes

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  lisa 2008-04-24 09:09:58

  没喝过Gewurztraminer琼瑶浆，很想尝尝

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2008-04-25 18:57:32

  Fiano http://www.cal-italia.org/varietals/fiano.html

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2008-04-25 19:22:20

  Sangiovese http://www.cal-italia.org/varietals/sangiovese.html

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2008-05-04 12:51:03

  Parellada is a type of grape primarily grown in Catalonia. This is the main grape variety for the most well-known Spanish sparkling wine - Cava. Besides, it is used mostly in blend for the young white wines. Its good acidity and freshness make these wines extremely suitable for the aperitif.

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2008-05-04 13:09:48

  Spanish white-wine grape that is one of the main varieties in Spain's CATALONIA region. Parellada produces light, fruity, good-quality STILL wines with floral BOUQUETS. These wines don't AGE well, however, and should be drunk young. The best known single-variety Parellada wine is the Vina Sol from TORRES. This producer also blends Parellada with CHARDONNAY to produce Gran Vina Sol and with SAUVIGNON BLANC to produce Fransola. Parellada is one of the three main varieties used in SPARKLING WINE production as well. It's also known as Montonec.

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2008-05-04 21:13:25

  特色: 粉红色的皮， 味道强烈， 所酿的酒颜色深黄， 酒体丰厚， 味道特别浓烈， 有很强的荔枝味道， 和玫瑰花的香气， 酒精含量高，但酸度经常不足，主要用来生产平白酒，也可酿成很好的甜白酒， 可经放陈年。 这个品种的葡萄， 品种有很多分歧， 原产于意大利北部，原来只叫做: 塔明那 Traminer， 皮色浅绿， 香味较淡， 中世纪被引进 Alsace 和德国的 Pfalz， 经品种改良和演变1973年Alsace 正式将它命名为Gewurztraminer格乌兹塔明那， Gewurz 德文的原意是 "强烈的香味"， 在它正式命名之前，因为它浓烈的香气， 当地人给它各种不同的名称: Traminer Musque， Traminer Parfume， Traminer Aromatique。 现在 Gewurztraminer 是 Traminer 家族中最知名的品种， 酿制时大都经过乳酸发酵， 因为产量不高， 早开花， 又容易感染霉菌， 因此除了 Alsace 地区外其他地区较少种植 Gewurztraminer 和 Riesling， Pinot Grey 被称为白葡萄中的贵族品种。 产区: 德国 Baden 和 Pfalz 附近有栽植 Gewurztraminer， 但种植的数量比 Riesling 少， 澳洲也有种植， 数量不多， 匈牙利， 保加利亚， 苏俄， 乌克兰也有少量种植，有的地方的酒厂取其香味， 加在气泡酒中。 新世界的产区大都温度较高， 不适宜 Gewurztraminer的种植。

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2008-05-04 21:16:11

  想象甜美的荔枝与熟成水蜜桃油桃果香，加上浓郁的老姜、月桂与胡椒香，还有清新紫罗兰和玫瑰花香，一起从酒杯里跳跃出来的感觉! 这些都是用Gewurztraminer(格乌查曼尼)葡萄酿出来的酒的香味。许多人(包括我在内)都曾陶醉在好的Gewurztraminer酒的香味里，也对这种葡萄所能酿造出来的酒的层次感到惊讶。然而用Gewurztraminer酿造出来的酒在市面上并不常见，所以一直没有受到大众的青睐。 虽然Gewurztraminer是白葡萄品种之一，但是跟其它白葡萄不一样的是它的果实颜色其实是粉红色。根据记载，这种葡萄应该源起于意大利北部，原名为traminer，19世纪时才加了Gewurz在前面(Gewurz德文的意思为加了香料般)。目前种植地区以法国的阿尔萨斯为主，德国为另一个主要生产地区。此外，奥地利、西班牙和东欧等地也有种植着这种葡萄。新世界产区如纽西兰、南非和智利等也生产出一些不错的酒。在美国则是以Pacific Northwest酒区为主要产地。但是虽然如此，这种葡萄似乎只有种在阿尔萨斯的土地时才能显现出他的尊贵。 由于阿尔萨斯独特的地型与漫长的夏天，所以采收时通常葡萄的甜度都十分的高。经发酵后酒里面常会有残留的糖份在里面，所以对习惯喝干白酒的人接受度并不高。也因为这种葡萄的颜色，酿造出来的酒不但有着深黄色的色泽，在杯缘还会出现淡粉红颜色。 用这种葡萄酿造出来好的干白酒在好的年份时有着无比的陈年空间，但是年轻时酸度偏高，须要一些时间来缓和酸度。 不但如此，采收时葡萄熟成度还要把握到刚好，太早采收或太晚采收都会造成酒在口中的和谐度不平衡。当然如果想酿造出迟摘或贵腐甜酒，葡萄熟成度当然越高越好。 我第一次喝到Gewurztraminer酒是我在开普敦参观Neethlingshof酒厂时，当时我并不懂酒，但是我却对这款酒的荔枝香和玫瑰花香着迷，而且这一款酒还带有一点甜份，所以印象深刻。后来我常用这一种葡萄酿造出来的酒来搭配泰国菜和中餐，效果也都不错。 最近接触到真正阿尔萨斯顶级酒庄伟柏酒庄的顶级酒园Gewurztraminer后才发现到这种葡萄真正该有的特色和口感和它尊贵的地方，也对这酒庄为了酿造出这款酒所用的心血感到钦佩。而在一个晚餐中喝到一款Torres很有名的白酒Vina Esmeralda觉得不错，后来才发现这一款酒其实是Gewurztraminer和Muscat的混合酒。

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2008-06-01 12:42:05

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riesling

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2008-06-01 16:40:42

  The Fiano grape variety is a fairly strong flavoured wine grape native to the south of Italy, particularly in around Avellino in the Campania region, where Fiano di Avellino is a DOCG, and Sicily, and has been in cultivation for more than two thousand years. The Grape is relatively low in yield.

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2008-06-01 17:56:09

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malbec

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2008-06-25 23:34:42

  moscato http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscat_(grape_and_wine)

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2008-10-25 10:20:39

  Tempranillo——西班牙之魂 Tempranillo的名字来自Temprano，是早的意思，它是早熟品种，但在有的地方要到10月下旬才成熟。Tempranillo适合生长在海拔高的凉爽地区和贫瘠坡地的石灰黏土上，它单宁高，是西班牙的赤霞珠。 基本都带有黑色浆果味，而成年后有可可、烟熏、桂皮、黑松露、皮革、胡椒、丁香等的味道。 Tempranillo表现最出色的还是在西班牙北部地区，特别是里奥哈、Navarra以及Ribera Del Duero多罗河流域，在桃乐丝酒厂所在地的Penedes地区表现也不错。多罗河流域的Tempranillo又叫Tinto Fino，用其酿造的酒果味丰厚，单宁雄赳赳的，是西班牙的左岸（像波尔多左岸）的酒的风格。里奥哈的酒的单宁不那么霸道，可以算是西班牙的右岸了。 ——吴书仙《恋恋葡萄酒》

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2008-10-29 13:58:52

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinot_Noir

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2008-11-04 16:44:34

  Gamay From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For the municipality in the Philippines, see Gamay, Northern Samar. Gamay is a purple-colored grape variety used to make red wines, most notably grown in Beaujolais and in the Loire Valley around Tours.[1] Its full name is Gamay Noir à Jus Blanc. It is a very old cultivar, mentioned already in the 1400s. It has been often cultivated because it makes for abundant production rather than due to the quality of the wine made from it, but makes wines of distinction when planted on acidic soils which help to soften the grape's naturally high acidity.[2] Contents [hide] 1 History 2 Characteristics 3 Regional production 4 References [edit] History The Gamay grape is thought to have appeared first in the village of the Gamay, south of Beaune, in the 1360s.[3] The grape brought relief to the village growers following the decline of the Black Death. In contrast to the Pinot Noir variety, Gamay ripened two weeks earlier and was less difficult to cultivate. It also produced a strong, fruitier wine in a much larger abundance. In July 1395, the Duke of Burgundy Philippe the Bold outlawed the cultivation of the grape referring to it as the "disloyal Gaamez" that in spite of its ability to grow in abundance was full of "very great and horrible harshness",[4] due in part to the variety's occupation of land that could be used for the more "elegant" Pinot Noir. 60 years later, Philippe the Good, issued another edict against Gamay in which he stated the reasoning for the ban is that "The Dukes of Burgundy are known as the lords of the best wines in Christendom. We will maintain our reputation".[5] [edit] Characteristics Gamay is a very vigorous vine which tends not to root very deep on alkaline soils resulting in pronounced hydrological stress on the vines over the growing season with a correspondingly high level of acidity in the grapes. The resulting acidity requires carbonic maceration to soften the wine sufficiently for pleasant drinking. Gamay-based wines are typically light bodied and fruity. Wines meant for immediate consumption are typically made using carbonic maceration which gives the wines tropical flavors and aromas - reminiscent of bananas. Wines meant to be drunk after some modest aging tend to have more body and are produced by whole-berry maceration. The latter are produced mostly in the designated Crus areas of northern Beaujolais where the wines typically have the flavor of sour cherries, black pepper, dried berry and raisined blackcurrant.[6] [edit] Regional production In addition to being well suited to the terroir of Beaujolais,[4] Gamay is also grown extensively in the Loire Valley around Tours where it is typically blended with Cabernet Franc and Côt a local clone of the Malbec. These wines are similar to those of Crus Beaujolais but with raspberry notes and the signature fresh-peppery nose of the Cabernet Franc. Gamay is also the grape of the Beaujolais Nouveau, produced exclusively from the more alkaline soils of Southern Beaujolais where the grape is incapable of making drinkable wines without aggressive carbonic maceration.[7] The acid levels of the grape grown in the limestone Pierres Doreés of the South are too high for making wines with any appeal beyond the early release Nouveaus. Confusingly, the Gamay name has become attached to other varieties grown in California, which at one time were thought to be the true Gamay. The grape 'Napa Gamay' is now known as Valdeguié, and the name Napa Gamay will no longer appear on labels after 2007. Gamay Beaujolais is considered to be an early ripening Californian clone of Pinot Noir. Despite similar names the grapes Gamay du Rhône and Gamay St-Laurent are not the Beaujolais grape either but rather the southwestern France grape Abouriou.[8] Gamay Noir is a permitted synonym for Gamay in the U.S.[citation needed] Gamay is commonly grown in the Niagara Peninsula in Canada, some producers being in the Short Hills Bench, Beamsville Bench and St. David's Bench to mention a few. One producer even has a regional clone which they discovered, Gamay Droit, which is a recognized mutation. It is also grown successfully by a small number of wineries in Australia to make a range of wines including light bodied red wines suitable for early drinking. Gamay has also been introduced recently into Oregon's Willamette Valley wine region, known for its wines made from Pinot Noir another Burgundian grape. It was introduced by Amity Vineyards in 1988.[9] Tasting notes published by the vineyards at Amity, WillaKenzie and Brickhouse describe wines that match the basic profiles of Crus Beaujolais.[10]

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2008-11-28 19:56:03

  Zinfandel is a variety of red grape planted in over 10 percent of California wine vineyards.[1] DNA fingerprinting revealed that it is genetically equivalent to the Croatian grape Crljenak Kaštelanski, and also the Primitivo variety traditionally grown in the "heel" of Italy, where it was introduced in the 1700s. The grape found its way to the United States in the mid-19th century, and became known by variations of the name "Zinfandel", a name of uncertain origin. The grapes typically produce a robust red wine, although a semi-sweet rosé (blush-style) wine called White Zinfandel has six times the sales of the red wine in the United States.[2] The grape's high sugar content can be fermented into levels of alcohol exceeding 15 per cent.[3] The taste of the red wine depends on the ripeness of the grapes from which it is made. Red berry fruits like raspberry predominate in wines from cooler areas,[4] whereas blackberry, anise and pepper notes are more common in wines made in warmer areas[4] and in wines made from the earlier-ripening Primitivo clone. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinfandel

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2009-01-31 13:22:28

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carignan

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2009-02-07 22:04:05

  http://www.winespectator.com/Wine/Free/Articles/WWDN_Item/0,5156,4834,00.html A Snappy Sauvignon Blanc Mulderbosch Sauvignon Blanc Western Cape 2007 Bruce Sanderson Posted: Tuesday, February 03, 2009 I like to escape winter with a trip to Florida, and got lucky this year, because the weather was ideal. With the mercury hitting about 80 degrees F each day and rarely dipping below 70 in the evening, it was perfect for crisp white wines. A Mulderbosch Sauvignon Blanc from South Africa fit the bill perfectly. If you like this varietal and already know the versions from New Zealand and Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé appellations in France's Loire Valley, you ought to try one of the versions coming out of South Africa. In general, they are fresh and zippy, with citrus and green fruit, herb and vegetable notes, like pea, chive, peppery greens or cut grass. The Mulderbosch offered bright fruity aromas and flavors of gooseberry, melon and cut grass, all nicely balanced and refreshing, with a lingering finish (88 points, non-blind). It cost $18.

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2009-02-07 22:17:54

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montepulciano_d%27Abruzzo Montepulciano d'Abruzzo Montepulciano d'Abruzzo is a type of wine grape as well as a type of red wine made from these same grapes in the Abruzzo region of east-central Italy. The grape is however recommended for 20 of Italy's 95 provinces. Up to 10% Sangiovese is permitted to be added to the blend. It is typically a fruity, dry wine with soft tannins, and as such is often consumed young. If aged by the winery for more than two years, the wine may be labelled "Riserva." This wine should not be confused with Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, a Tuscan wine made from Sangiovese and other grapes, but not the Montepulciano variety. The quality of Montepulciano wines produced in Abruzzo (especially in the provinces of Pescara and Chieti) has been constantly improving in the last ten years, making Abruzzi, once a backwater in winemaking, one of the most interesting realites in the Italian scene. It is blended with the grape Ciliegolo to make the wine Torgiano.It is also used as the primary grape in Rosso Conero DOCG and is a major part of the Rosso Piceno DOC blend. Over the past few years the Montepulciano variety has been successfully introduced into Australia.

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2009-02-07 22:43:49

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangiovese Sangiovese (san-jo-vay-zay)[1] is a red Italian wine grape variety whose name derives from sanguis Jovis, "the blood of Jove".[2] It is most famous as the main component of the Chianti blend in Tuscany, as well as Vino Nobile di Montepulciano and Morellino di Scansano, although it can also be used to make varietal wines such as Brunello di Montalcino, Rosso di Montalcino or Sangiovese di Romagna, as well as modern "Super Tuscan" wines like Tignanello.[3] Young Sangiovese has fresh fruity flavours of strawberry and a little spiciness, but it readily takes on oaky, even tarry, flavors when aged in barrels. Sangiovese appears to have originated in Tuscany, where it was known by the 16th century. Recent DNA profiling by José Vouillamoz of the Istituto Agrario di San Michele all’Adige suggests that Sangiovese's ancestors are Ciliegiolo and Calabrese Montenuovo. The former is well known as an ancient variety in Tuscany, the latter is an almost-extinct relic.[4] At least fourteen Sangiovese clones exist, of which Brunello is one of the best regarded. An attempt to classify the clones into Sangiovese grosso (including Brunello) and Sangiovese piccolo families has gained little evidential support.[5]

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2009-02-15 22:23:28

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2009-02-18 15:06:34

  Verdelho Verdelho is a native of Portugal and the island of Madeira where it is used mainly for the production of fortified wines (White Port and Madeira.) Over recent years it has also been used for table wines. The Spanish variety Verdejo is similar, but DNA profiling shows that it is genetically distinct. In Australia, the Verdelho grape variety has been used to make white table wines especially in Western Australia and the Hunter Valley in NSW. It has become increasingly popular in many other districts. It is at the stage of challenging Sauvignon blanc as a preferred variety for those seeking an alternative to Chardonnay. In his book Varietal Wines, James Halliday says "The success of Verdelho as a table wine in Australia is an extraordinary phenomenon without any obvious explanation" Sorry James, I beg to differ. To anyone who puts their nose over a glass of Verdelho the explanation is very obvious. Verdelho wines are becoming more popular because they are straight-forward and they smell and taste like they are made from grapes. They will never be great wines, but many are just the ticket for informal lunches. Varietal Verdelho wines are much better than overoaked and overpriced Chardonnays, or one dimensional Sauvignon Blanc that so many wine writers enthuse about.

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2009-02-18 15:13:57

  Verdelho is a white wine grape grown throughout Portugal, though most associated with the island of Madeira, and also gives its name to one of the four main types of Madeira wine. At the turn of the 20th century it was the most widely planted white grape in Madeira.[1] Contents [hide] 1 Madeira 2 Other regions 3 Viticulture 4 Other grapes 5 See also 6 References [edit] Madeira The grape has traditionally been one of the most popular grapes planted on the small island of Madeira since vines were first planted there in the 15th century. It was however badly affected by the Phylloxera plague and the number of vines has decreased greatly in the century since then. Since 1993 any Madeira wine labeled as Verdelho must contain at least 85 percent of the grape, which wasn't previously the case. [2] The variety of Madeira wine known as Verdelho lies between those of Sercial and Bual in style, being richer than Bual but not as dry as Sercial. The variety is known for its high acidity when aged, but if drunk young generally possesses more fruit flavor than the other Madeiras. Some producers are experimenting with making a table-style wine by allowing the grapes to ripen more prior to harvesting and blending with the grape Arnsburger to balance Verdelho's naturally high acidity.[3] [edit] Other regions The grape is also grown in the Douro valley, where it is known as Gouveio and used in white port. It is also a small component of some Vinho do Dão.[1] Portuguese Verdelho is noted for its higher sugar content in the grapes then what is typically achieved in the warmer climate of Madeira.In smaller quantities, it is grown in the Galicia region of Spain where it is called Verdello.[3] The grape can also be found in Argentina, with at least one producer marketing a varietal called simply Verdelho. [4] The grape has been successful in the vineyards of Australia, particularly the Hunter Valley region, Langhorne Creek and the Swan Valley. Australian versions of Verdelho are noted for their intense flavors with hints of lime and honeysuckle and the oily texture that the wines can get after some aging.[3] [edit] Viticulture Verdelho is a moderately vigorous vine that produces small bunches of small oval berries with a high skin to juice ratio. The skins of the berry can be thick and taste "hard" when eaten. The grapes ripen early but can be prone to powdery mildew. The vines can also be susceptible to frost during the spring.[1] [edit] Other grapes Verdelho is often confused with Verdelho Tinto, a red grape also grown in Madeira. The grapes are related but still different similar to how Pinot noir and Pinot gris. The grape is also confused with the similarly named Verdelho Feijão of Portugal, the Italian grape Verdello and the Verdejo white grape grown in Spain.[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdelho

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2009-02-18 17:01:09

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero_d'Avola Nero d'Avola ("Black of Avola" in Italian) is "the most important red wine grape in Sicily"[1] and is one of Italy's most important indigenous varieties. It is named after Avola in the far south of Sicily and its wines are compared to New World Shirazes, with sweet tannins and plum or peppery flavours. It also contributes to Marsala blends.[2][3] Contents [hide] 1 History 2 Distribution and wines 2.1 Italy 3 Vine and viticulture 4 Synonyms 5 References 6 External links [edit] History "The Black Grape of Avola" appears to have been selected by growers near Avola (a small town in south east Sicily) several hundred years ago. Initially, it was confined to the southern tip of the island but more recently has spread throughout the island; however, its best samples are still produced in this part of Sicily due to excellent climate and soils. [edit] Distribution and wines [edit] Italy Whatever the relationship, Nero d'Avola is treated like Syrah, making mostly big, red wines with aging potential. It also gets made into a lighter style for younger drinking which might be compared to some of the New World Shiraz rosés. In the past, it was exported to quietly "beef up" wines from more northern climes but is now enjoying success as a proudly Sicilian variety. [edit] Vine and viticulture The vine likes hot arid climates. The districts around Avola and Pachino in the south of the province of Siracusa are reputed for the quality of their Nero d'Avola grapes.[3]

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2009-03-15 16:13:11

  http://www.winepros.org/wine101/grape_profiles/grenache.htm 　　http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenache 　　Grenache (pronounced gren-ash) (in Spanish, Garnacha, in Catalan, Garnatxa) is probably the most widely planted variety of red wine grape in the world. It ripens late, so needs hot, dry conditions such as those found in Spain and in the south of France.It is generally spicy, berry-flavoured and soft on the palate with a relatively high alcohol content, but it needs careful control of yields for best results. It tends to lack acid, tannin and colour, and is usually blended with other varieties such as Syrah, Carignan and Cinsaut. 　　 　　Grenache is the dominant variety in most Southern Rhône wines, especially in Châteauneuf-du-Pape where it is typically over 80% of the blend. In Australia it is typically blended in "GSM" blends with Syrah and Mourvèdre. 　　 　　Grenache is also used to make rosé wines in France and Spain, notably those of the Tavel district in the Côtes du Rhône. And the high sugar levels of Grenache have led to extensive use in fortified wines, including the red vins doux naturels of Roussillon such as Banyuls, and as the basis of most Australian 'port'. 　　 　　History 　　Grenache may have originated in Spain, probably in Aragon or Catalonia, but has since spread over the Pyrenees into southern France and the rest of the Mediterranean.It is the same grape variety as the Cannonau of Sardinia, where "[d]ried grapes, recently found in several locations, have been DNA tested and proved to be the oldest grapes in the world, dating back to 1200 BC. The Cannonau wine is made from these grapes and may therefore qualify as the mother of all the European wines" (quoted from the Sardinia page . This suggests that Grenache is really from Sardinia, and was imported to Spain when Sardinia was under Aragón rule. 　　 　　 　　 Clones, mutants and crosses 　　Like the Pinot family, Grenache comes in 'black', 'grey' and 'white' versions, plus a mutant with an altered epidermis. 　　 　　The standard "black Grenache" is known as "Garnatxa Fina" in Catalan, and is the most common version. 　　 　　The "hairy Grenache" is also known by names such as Lladoner Pelud (see below). The leaves look similar to Macabeo, but with fine little hairs. Recent research in Spain into this bizarre clone indicates that it produces smaller berries with a thicker skin, which suggests a greater potential than the original for making fine wine. This is an active area of investigation. 　　 　　Grenache Gris is widely planted in France in particular, but is declining under the current vine pull schemes. 　　 　　Grenache blanc is a major variety in its own right, particularly in France, where it is an important component of many white wines from the Rhône. It is often blended with Roussanne. 　　 　　Grenache Noir was crossed with Petit Bouschet to give Alicante Bouschet, sometimes called Garnacha Tintorera. It was an important grape during Prohibition, as its thick skins survived being transported from Californian vineyards to consumers, who were allowed to make small amounts of wine at home. 　　 　　In 1961, a cross between Grenache and Cabernet Sauvignon produced the French wine grape Marselan. 　　 　　 Distribution and wines 　　 　　 Australia 　　A clone from Perpignan arrived in Australia with James Busby in 1832 collection. More significant was the introduction into South Australia of new cuttings from the South of France, by Dr Christopher Rawson Penfold in 1844. Plantings in South Australia boomed, particularly in McLaren Vale, the Barossa Valley and Clare Valley.Traditionally much of the production went into a fortified wine sold as 'port', but recently interest has turned to unfortified wines either as a single varietal or in "GSM" blends with Shiraz (Syrah) and Mataro (Mourvèdre). These wines are often the product of old vines grown in excellent conditions, and can be very successful. 　　 　　 France 　　 　　Grenache RoséGrenache can make three very different styles of wine in France, where it is planted on nearly 100,000 hectares in the Rhône valley and across the huge vineyards of Languedoc-Roussillon, where it may be known as Alicante or Carignane Rousse. As a single varietal it makes rosé wines throughout the region, although the most famous are from the Tavel district of the Côtes du Rhône. Grenache is best known for making dry red wines, sometimes as a single varietal but more commonly blended with more chewy grapes such as Cinsault and Mourvèdre. It forms the basis of the red wines of Gigondas and Châteauneuf-du-Pape, where 12 other grapes can be included in the blend. Emmanuel Reynaud of Château Rayas in Chateauneuf du Pape, and Philippe Laurent of Domaine du Gramenon are notable proponents of Grenache as a single varietal. 　　 　　Grenache is also used in vins doux naturels, sweet fortified wines from French Catalonia. Banyuls is the best known of the red vins doux naturels, but they are also made in Maury and Rivesaltes. 　　 　　 Italy 　　Grenache is known as Cannonau in Sardinia, where it may have originated and is still common. 　　 　　 Spain 　　Garnacha (Garnatxa in Catalan) used to be the most widely planted variety in its homeland of Spain, but has now been surpassed by the fast-expanding Tempranillo. It is still the dominant variety in southern Aragón, particularly in the Cariñena, Calatayud and Campo de Borja appellations. In the famous Catalan wine producing region of Priorat it is traditionally blended with the dominant Carignan. In Terra Alta, just southwest of the Priorat, the blend is often the same but many wineries have been begun to blend it with Cabernet and Syrah. 　　 　　USA 　　Grenache is grown in California's Central Valley, and Calaveras county in the Sierra Foothills 　　 　　 Vine and viticulture 　　The vine is upright, with good wind tolerance and has shown to be very suited for the dry, warm windy climate around the Mediterranean. Its natural vigour must be controlled for best results. The three-lobed leaves are yellowy-green, with no hairs on the undersurface unless it's the 'hairy' clone mentioned above. The medium-sized bunches are conical and winged, with blue-black berries. 　　 　　In commercial production, the vine tends to alternate, with one 'good' year of production, followed by a 'lighter' year whilst it recuperates. 　　

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2009-11-04 16:27:54

  by ian2009-11-03 17:17:55 Cabernet Sauvignon 是红葡萄酒之王波尔多红酒背后的功臣。结构强劲，单宁重，适于成年。成熟较晚。是目前最受欢迎的葡萄品种。在新世界通常会酿造单一品种的Cabernet Sauvignon的葡萄酒。在年轻时就适合于饮用。丰富的黑色浆果香味，偶尔会有巧克力以及可可的香味出现。几乎种植与任何葡萄酒产地。新世界中尤以美国Napa Valley的最为突出。在意大利在60-70年代开始种植，出现了如Super Toscan为代表的佳作。 Merlot St-emilion的代表性葡萄，虽然在名气上不及波尔多左岸。但是Petrus的魅力已经得到大众的认可。拉菲如果是红酒之王的话，Petrus则可以称为红酒之后。Merlot成熟得较早，结构细腻，紧致。通常作为配角出现，比如经典的的波尔多左岸红酒就是Cabernet Sauvignon与少量的Merlot的混酿。St-emilion 地区则是单一Merlot的经典代表。丰富的红色浆果味道，柔和的单宁。在新世界也有广泛的种植。会和各种红葡萄品种进行混酿。如Cabernet Sauvignon，Shiraz，Malbec等等。 Sangiovese 是意大利的代表性葡萄品种，意大利各个产区都有种植。Chianti是最具代表性的Sangiovese。有多个亚种。其中果皮较薄的Sangiovese Piccolo适合与酿造无需成年就可饮用的葡萄酒。果皮较厚的Sangiovese Grosso则用于酿造适于成年的葡萄酒例如Chianti。颜色相对较浅，会有烟草、巧克力及一些草药的味道。在新世界少有种植。 Syrah/Shiraz 虽然是原生自法国的葡萄，但却在澳洲大放异彩，以至于很多人不知道澳洲的shiraz和法国的Syrah其实是同一种葡萄。在法国的罗纳河谷地区Syrah通常会用于与Grenache混酿。在澳洲通常会以单一Shiraz的身份出现。浓郁的果味是澳洲Shiraz最主要的特点。通常不会做得很干，稍许有点甜。很可能是中国市场上出Cabernet Sauvignon外最受欢饮的葡萄品种。Shiraz中最主要的特点是Spicy。这里所谓的Spicy不能单纯地翻译成辣。辣是是一种感觉，是舌头受刺激后会产生的一种感觉。Shiraz的Spicy比较类似于薄荷对舌头的刺激。最具代表性的是Barossa Valley 的Penfold酒庄的Grangl以及Henschke 酒庄的Hill of Grace。在Hunter Valley的Broken Wood酒庄在一个不同寻常的气候下酿出了澳洲少见的优雅版的Shiraz。非常值得尝试。 Pinot Noir La Romanee Conti是由100%Pinot Noir酿成的，是世界上最贵的酒之一，比为人熟知的五大名庄要贵的多。通常每支需要10万人民币以上。由此可见Pinot Noir的矜贵。种植难度极大。果皮很薄，太热，太冷，太干，太湿都很容易影响葡萄的品质。酿出来的酒，酒体很轻盈，有丝绸般的感觉。喝每一支pinot noir都是极大的享受。在Champane地区会用Pinot noir酿制粉红香槟。在新世界里新西兰的气候最适合种植Pinot Noir但通常成熟度都略显不足。美国Napa Valley的Pinot Noir也有很出众的表现。 Chardonnay 是世界上种植最广泛的葡萄品种之一，适合于任何葡萄酒产区。因为气候和地理环境的不同可以酿出风格迥异的葡萄酒。会有清新的果香，奶油，黄油，青草的香味，在橡木桶中成酿过的Chardonnay则会有香草，白花的香味。是用于酿造香槟的葡萄品种，可以说Chardonnay稍显中规中矩，但是Chardonnay的魅力也正在此。几乎可以与任何食物搭配，通常都不会令你失望。 Sauvignon Blanc 感谢新西兰，给我们带来了一个全新的Sauvignon Blanc。曾经Sauvignon Blanc只会出现在波尔多的甜白里，或者勃艮第的Pully Fume中以一个绝对配角的身份出现。新西兰的Sauvignon Blanc有丰富的热带水果香味，夹杂着青草的清新。酸度较高，每一口都会觉得，酸的脸颊给扯了一下。鸡肉、海鲜会是很好的搭配。从80年代出现到90年代就风靡欧洲美国，新西兰的Sauvignon blanc创造了葡萄酒历史上的一个奇迹。以至于后来法国也跟风开始酿造单一的Sauvignon Blanc。在澳洲Sauvignon Blanc通常会和Semillon进行混酿。智利的Sauvignon Blanc则呈现出完全不同的风貌，清淡的奶油香，酸度也稍稍第一些。在配菜上会更容易选择。 Riesling 相信很多人都喝过德国的半干的Riesling。果香，花香伴随着坚果的味道，甜甜的口感，这样的酒没有人会拒绝。Riesling的魅力远远不只这些。成年的干型的Riesling会有煤油的味道，在欧美这个味道很受推崇，但在中国却不是很被接受。Riesling也可以用于酿造晚收的甜白。Riesling是为数不多的可以成年的白葡萄酒。法国的阿尔萨斯也因为而Riesling名闻天下。 Gewurztraminer/ Traminer 浓香型葡萄的代表，每一次开瓶都伴随着香水般的芬芳。通常会酿成干型的葡萄酒。香味和口感形成鲜明的对比。晚收的Gewurztraminer可以酿出甜酒。会有很好的酸度伴随，甜而不腻。 Semillion 因为果皮薄，容易被贵腐菌感染所以成为酿贵腐甜酒的主要葡萄品种。贵腐甜酒是甜酒中登峰造极的作品。具有极佳的平衡度。是餐后酒的最佳选择。澳洲的Semillion的干白会比较常见。在酿造时通常会加一些没有完全成熟的Sauvignon Blanc以增加酒的酸度。在澳洲的Hunter Valley生产可以成年的Semillon。提早采收葡萄，简单的发酵然后立即装瓶。在这种酒年轻时有刀锋般的锐利的酸，在成年后则可以出现蘑菇，皮革味道。

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  & .蒾夨.° (柔软时光。。陽光真好。) 2009-12-30 20:54:49

  完蛋，我英文阅读有障碍。。。

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  Jas 组长 楼主 2011-10-11 20:00:51

  Tempranillo The most important red wine grape in Spain that is referred to as Tinto Fino in some winemaking regions, this variety is the main grape in many of Spain's best red wines as well as many affordable wines. Garnacha / Grenache Historic Spanish variety that is also popular in France and Australia, this variety is used to make some of Spain's best Mediterranean style red wines. Mazuelo Also referred to as Carinena in Spain and Carignan in France, this high-yield Spanish variety is often blended with Garnacha and Tempranillo. Viura Popular in many regions to make quality light to medium body, fresh white wines: this variety is also referred to as Macabeo in Cava where it is blended with the Parellada and Xarel-lo varieties, or in some cases with Chardonnay Albariño Principally cultivated in the Northeast of Spain, in Rias Baixas this variety makes some of Spain's most exciting aromatic white wines. Malvasía Classic Mediterranean variety that is used to make highly acclaimed red, rose and white wines with a touch of spice. Xarel-lo One of three varieties in Cava sparkling wines where it is blended with the Macabeo and Parellada grapes, or in some cases with Chardonnay. Palomino The principal grape used to make most Sherry wines, this variety makes a wide range of the world's best fortifi ed wines as well as a smaller amount of white wines. Parellada Most popular in Catalonia region where it makes light fruity white wines and in Cava sparkling wines where it is blended with the Macabeo and Xarello, or in some cases with Chardonnay Moscatel Also referred to as Muscat, this is white wine variety that makes quality sweet wines including sweet Sherry wines. Pedro Ximénez Important variety used to make light white table wines as well as super sweet and concentrated Sherry dessert wines that are among the world,s best and most sought after. International Varieties Many regions in Spain use popular French grape varieties including Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Syrah, Malbec and other international varieties to blend with native varieties or in single variety wines. Many high quality Spanish wines made in part, or totally, with international grape varieties have won global recognition and acclaim.

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