卡片234 贝九一则

Half the musical miseducation in the world comes from people who know that the Ninth Symphony begins on the dominant of D-minor, when the fact is that its opening bare fifth may mean anything within D major, D minor, A major, A minor, E major, E minor, C# minor, G major, C major and F major, until the bass descends to D and settles most (but not all) of the question. A true analysis takes the standpoint of a listener who knows nothing beforehand, but hears and remembers everything.

——Donald Francis Tovey, Essays in Musical Analysis, vol. 1