【翻译】精神分析技术的基础3.2：无端的否认与过度强调的断言
Unprovoked Denials and Overemphasized Assertions
无端的否认和过分强调的断言
"• Negation is also a way of admitting something. i —Lacan ({974-{975, March i8, {975)
"• 否认也是一种承认的方式。——拉康（1974—1975，1975.3.18）
Another kind of statement the analyst should usually punctuate is what I call .the "unprovoked denial." In this form of denial, the analysand insists that something is not the case even when no one has claimed that it is. One of my analysands once stated that since our last session a memory had come back to him, but he hastened to add, "1 don't think it has anything to do with my sexual orientation." He then proceeded to tell me that when he was six his cousins insistently told him that very soon he would turn into a girl, claiming that previously they too had been members of the opposite sex and had changed from one sex to the other around his age. They swore him to secrecy, making him promise not to talk with his mother about this. It does not seem to be much of a stretch to simply remove the "not" in his unprovoked denial and read this as though he himself recognized at some level that this event, which he admitted to having found quite distressing at the time, played some role in his current sexual orientation.
分析师通常应该断句的另一类陈述是我称之为“无缘无故的否认”的言说。在这种形式的否认中，分析者坚持某些事情不是那样的，尽管没人这样宣称过。我的一个分析者曾经说，自从我们最后一次会谈，一段记忆涌向他，但是他忙不迭地补充道，“我不认为这对处理我的性取向有什么用。”然后他继续告诉我，当他6岁的时候，他的堂兄弟姐妹坚持地告诉他，很快他就会变成一个女孩，声称先前他们也有过异性成员，并且大约在他这个年纪从一种性别变成另一种性别。他们让他发誓保密，让他承若不要跟他的妈妈讲这个。这似乎不像是在他的无端的否认中简单地移走“不”的一种延伸，并且解读为好像他自己在某些水平上认识到，他在那时承认在其中感受到了相当大的痛苦的事件，在他当前的性取向中起到了一些作用。
In such cases of unprovoked denial, one can always ask why someone is taking the time and energy to deny something that no one in the context at hand (in this case, in the analytic context) has in any way suggested or affirmed. One could retort that given what he knows of psychoanalysts, the analysand is simply trying to forestall a conclusion that he assumes the analyst will jump to. True as this may be of certain analysts, the thought nevertheless occurred to the analysand first, in a rejected or projected form— in other words, it was attributed to the person he would be speaking with about it later—and, indeed, in the case of the analysand just mentioned, it was he himself who first put the idea into my head that this might well be related to his current sexual orientation (I had not yet even heard the story).
在这样无端的否认的情况中，一个人总是可以问，为什么某人正在消耗时间和精力去否认某些东西，而没人会在当前的情境中以任何暗示的或肯定的方式这样做。一个人可以反驳说，考虑到他对精神分析师的了解，分析者只是试图抢先一步下结论，假设分析师会跳到这一步。正如某些分析师可能认为是正确的那样，想法仍然会先出现在分析者身上，以一种拒绝或投射的形式——换句话说，这被归因于他会在稍后与之谈论这个的某人——而且，确实，在分析者才提到的那种情况中，是他自己一开始就把这种想法放置在我的脑海中，这这想法可能和他当前的性取向有关（我甚至还没有听过这个故事）
Such unprovoked denials are as common in everyday life as they are in the therapy context: The introductory remark "I don't mean to be critical, but . . ." is a blatant warning that your interlocutor means to be critical, just as the introductory remark "I'm not trying to be cruel, I'm just saying that . . ." is a clear indication that your interlocutor recognizes that he or she is in fact trying to be cruel, at least at some level.
这样的无端否认在日常生活中和治疗情境中都是很普遍的：开场白“不是我说你，但是……" 是一个非常明显的警告，你的对话者打算批评你，正如开场白“我不想太残忍，我只是说出来而已。” 是一个明显的迹象，即你的对话者知道他或她事实上试图残忍点，至少在某种水平上是这样。
Similar to unprovoked denials are what I call "overemphasized assertions." Here the analysand (or politician, business leader, or someone else) affirms something so forcibly and repeatedly that the listener begins to wonder why: If the speaker so fervently believes what he is saying, why does he feel the need to stress it so appreciably? One of my analysands said, "I absolutely, positively, clearly remember . . .," leading me to suspect that he perhaps was in fact not quite so sure he remembered what he was claiming to remember; there had been no display of incredulity on my part, since he had just introduced a new topic and I had no idea what he was about to say. Here again, the speaker seems to "protest too much."
类似于无缘无故的否认的是，“过度强调的断言。”这里分析者（或政治家，企业领导，或其他人）强有力地且反复地申明某些东西，以至于听者开始怀疑为什么：如果讲话者如此热诚地相信他正在说的东西，为什么他感觉自己需要这样明显地强调这个。我的一个分析者说，“我当然地，肯定地，显然地记得……”让我怀疑，他可能事实上不是如此地确信他记得自己声称记得的东西；在我这边并没有怀疑的表现，因为他已经介绍过一个新的话题，并且我也不知道他要说什么。这里再一次地，讲话者似乎“断言过度了。”
无端的否认和过分强调的断言
"• Negation is also a way of admitting something. i —Lacan ({974-{975, March i8, {975)
"• 否认也是一种承认的方式。——拉康（1974—1975，1975.3.18）
Another kind of statement the analyst should usually punctuate is what I call .the "unprovoked denial." In this form of denial, the analysand insists that something is not the case even when no one has claimed that it is. One of my analysands once stated that since our last session a memory had come back to him, but he hastened to add, "1 don't think it has anything to do with my sexual orientation." He then proceeded to tell me that when he was six his cousins insistently told him that very soon he would turn into a girl, claiming that previously they too had been members of the opposite sex and had changed from one sex to the other around his age. They swore him to secrecy, making him promise not to talk with his mother about this. It does not seem to be much of a stretch to simply remove the "not" in his unprovoked denial and read this as though he himself recognized at some level that this event, which he admitted to having found quite distressing at the time, played some role in his current sexual orientation.
分析师通常应该断句的另一类陈述是我称之为“无缘无故的否认”的言说。在这种形式的否认中，分析者坚持某些事情不是那样的，尽管没人这样宣称过。我的一个分析者曾经说，自从我们最后一次会谈，一段记忆涌向他，但是他忙不迭地补充道，“我不认为这对处理我的性取向有什么用。”然后他继续告诉我，当他6岁的时候，他的堂兄弟姐妹坚持地告诉他，很快他就会变成一个女孩，声称先前他们也有过异性成员，并且大约在他这个年纪从一种性别变成另一种性别。他们让他发誓保密，让他承若不要跟他的妈妈讲这个。这似乎不像是在他的无端的否认中简单地移走“不”的一种延伸，并且解读为好像他自己在某些水平上认识到，他在那时承认在其中感受到了相当大的痛苦的事件，在他当前的性取向中起到了一些作用。
In such cases of unprovoked denial, one can always ask why someone is taking the time and energy to deny something that no one in the context at hand (in this case, in the analytic context) has in any way suggested or affirmed. One could retort that given what he knows of psychoanalysts, the analysand is simply trying to forestall a conclusion that he assumes the analyst will jump to. True as this may be of certain analysts, the thought nevertheless occurred to the analysand first, in a rejected or projected form— in other words, it was attributed to the person he would be speaking with about it later—and, indeed, in the case of the analysand just mentioned, it was he himself who first put the idea into my head that this might well be related to his current sexual orientation (I had not yet even heard the story).
在这样无端的否认的情况中，一个人总是可以问，为什么某人正在消耗时间和精力去否认某些东西，而没人会在当前的情境中以任何暗示的或肯定的方式这样做。一个人可以反驳说，考虑到他对精神分析师的了解，分析者只是试图抢先一步下结论，假设分析师会跳到这一步。正如某些分析师可能认为是正确的那样，想法仍然会先出现在分析者身上，以一种拒绝或投射的形式——换句话说，这被归因于他会在稍后与之谈论这个的某人——而且，确实，在分析者才提到的那种情况中，是他自己一开始就把这种想法放置在我的脑海中，这这想法可能和他当前的性取向有关（我甚至还没有听过这个故事）
Such unprovoked denials are as common in everyday life as they are in the therapy context: The introductory remark "I don't mean to be critical, but . . ." is a blatant warning that your interlocutor means to be critical, just as the introductory remark "I'm not trying to be cruel, I'm just saying that . . ." is a clear indication that your interlocutor recognizes that he or she is in fact trying to be cruel, at least at some level.
这样的无端否认在日常生活中和治疗情境中都是很普遍的：开场白“不是我说你，但是……" 是一个非常明显的警告，你的对话者打算批评你，正如开场白“我不想太残忍，我只是说出来而已。” 是一个明显的迹象，即你的对话者知道他或她事实上试图残忍点，至少在某种水平上是这样。
Similar to unprovoked denials are what I call "overemphasized assertions." Here the analysand (or politician, business leader, or someone else) affirms something so forcibly and repeatedly that the listener begins to wonder why: If the speaker so fervently believes what he is saying, why does he feel the need to stress it so appreciably? One of my analysands said, "I absolutely, positively, clearly remember . . .," leading me to suspect that he perhaps was in fact not quite so sure he remembered what he was claiming to remember; there had been no display of incredulity on my part, since he had just introduced a new topic and I had no idea what he was about to say. Here again, the speaker seems to "protest too much."
类似于无缘无故的否认的是，“过度强调的断言。”这里分析者（或政治家，企业领导，或其他人）强有力地且反复地申明某些东西，以至于听者开始怀疑为什么：如果讲话者如此热诚地相信他正在说的东西，为什么他感觉自己需要这样明显地强调这个。我的一个分析者说，“我当然地，肯定地，显然地记得……”让我怀疑，他可能事实上不是如此地确信他记得自己声称记得的东西；在我这边并没有怀疑的表现，因为他已经介绍过一个新的话题，并且我也不知道他要说什么。这里再一次地，讲话者似乎“断言过度了。”
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