【翻译】精神分析技术的基础2.2：得到我们想要的
Getting What We Ask For
得到我们想要的
Swear to tell the truth, nothing but the truth, the whole truth, and that is precisely what will not be said. If the subject has the slightest idea of it, that is precisely what he will not say. — Lacan (1976, p. 35)
发誓说出真相，并且只说真相，说出全部的真相，然而那才是不会被说出来的。如果主体有半点与之相关的想法，那恰好是他不会说出来的。——拉康（1976，p35）
It is well known that the answers we receive depend in large part on the questions we ask. If we ask voters to rate a preestablished list of issues in terms of their importance to them, we may not be any the wiser regarding what issues are of the most importance to them, for we may not have included the right issues on the list. If we do not leave a few blanks on the page that the voters can fill in themselves with their own issues, we are likely to remain in the dark as to what is of most concern to them.
众所周知，我们获得的答案很大程度上取决于我们所问的问题。如果我们要投票人依据预先制定的一系列问题对他们的重要性来为其打分的话，我们可能就不那么明智，而忽略了对他们来说是最重要的问题，因为我们可能并没有把正确的问题放在列表里。如果我们没有在页面上留下一点空白，以便投票人能够把他们自己的问题填在上面，我们可能就无视了对他们来说是最重要的问题。
Similarly, our best bet in analytic work is to ask very open-ended questions rather than asking, "Did that make you laugh or cry?" (a common response being "Neither, it made me sick to my stomach!"). Rather than propose an A or B, or even an A, B, or C,to choose from, we generally do best to avoid putting words in the analysand's mouth. Rather than trying to guess at the analysand's likely reaction to a situation, it often makes far more sense to simply say, "And?" or 'What was that like?" or "How did you react?" (1 mentioned exceptions to this rule of thumb earlier, in which far more precise questions are called for.) This makes it easier for the. analysand to respond however she likes.
同样地，在分析工作中，我们最好的赌注是去问非常开放性的问题，而不是问这种“那让你笑了还是哭了？”（一个普遍的回应是“都不是，它让我恶心！”）。与其建议一个A或B，或者甚至是一个A，B，或C来选择，我们通常尽最大努力去避免强行认为分析者会说什么。与其试图猜测分析者对一个情况的可能的反应，简单地说，“然后呢？”或“那是什么样的？”或“你是怎么反应的？”通常要合理得多。（早些时候我提到过这种经验法则的例外，在那种情况下，需要询问的问题要精准得多。）这对分析者以她喜欢的方式来回应要更容易些。
The way we formulate questions determines in part the response that we get: If we say, "Was that painful for you?" we are likely to get a response that includes the term "painful," whereas the analysand may have emphasized something completely different had we simply asked, "What about that?" I find open-ended questions particularly useful in working with dreams and fantasies. One day an analysand of mine told me that he was only able to remember a tiny snippet of a dream, something about his father and a raincoat. He expressed his conviction that there was too little there to work with, but, in my typical fashion, I asked, 'What about a raincoat?" "Nothing," he replied. "Nothing?" I queried after a pause of ten or more seconds. In the interim an image' of a particular raincoat had. come to him, and he soon recognized it as the one his father had been wearing one day in a store when the analysand, as a young boy, had accidentally latched onto the wrong raincoat and in short order found himself out in the store's parking lot standing with a stranger. Prior to this moment he had never remembered how the story ended, but suddenly he recalled seeing his father not too far away in the parking lot and running over to him. His father picked him up in his arms and hugged him, "kind of like he wanted me... .Maybe he did want kids after all." The analysand's mother had devoted considerable effort to convincing him that his father had never wanted children and this had affected his relationship with his father quite negatively.
我们构造问题的方式部分地决定了我们得到的回应：如果我们说，“那对你来说痛苦吗？”我们可能得到一个包含了“痛苦”这个词的回应。反之，分析者可能会强调某些完全不同的东西，如果我们简单地问到，“那怎么样了？”我发现开放性的问题在处理梦和幻想的时候特别地有用。有一天，我的一个分析者告诉我，他只能想起一个梦的一点儿片段，那是关于他的父亲和一个雨衣的部分。他确信，梦里没什么可处理的，但是，我问，“一个雨衣怎么样？”他回答说“没什么”十来秒的停顿后我问“没什么？”在这停顿期间，一个特别的雨伞的意象在他脑海里浮现了出来，他很快就认出来，那是他的父亲有一天在一个商店里一直穿着的雨衣，那时分析者，作为一个小男孩，他意外地抓错了雨衣，立刻发现自己在商店的停车场外面，和一个陌生人站在一起。在那之前，他从未想起过这个故事是怎么结束的，但是突然他想起看到他的父亲在不远的停车场那儿，正朝他跑过来。他的父亲用胳膊把他拉了起来，然后保住他，“有点像是他需要我……可能他毕竟确实需要孩子。”分析者的母亲花过相当大的努力去说服他，他的父亲从来没有想要孩子，而这对他和父亲的关系已经造成了相当负面的影响。
The more open-ended the question, the more unexpected, unpredictable, and often more productive the answer.
问题越开放，答案就越意外，越出乎意料，并且通常越有用。
得到我们想要的
Swear to tell the truth, nothing but the truth, the whole truth, and that is precisely what will not be said. If the subject has the slightest idea of it, that is precisely what he will not say. — Lacan (1976, p. 35)
发誓说出真相，并且只说真相，说出全部的真相，然而那才是不会被说出来的。如果主体有半点与之相关的想法，那恰好是他不会说出来的。——拉康（1976，p35）
It is well known that the answers we receive depend in large part on the questions we ask. If we ask voters to rate a preestablished list of issues in terms of their importance to them, we may not be any the wiser regarding what issues are of the most importance to them, for we may not have included the right issues on the list. If we do not leave a few blanks on the page that the voters can fill in themselves with their own issues, we are likely to remain in the dark as to what is of most concern to them.
众所周知，我们获得的答案很大程度上取决于我们所问的问题。如果我们要投票人依据预先制定的一系列问题对他们的重要性来为其打分的话，我们可能就不那么明智，而忽略了对他们来说是最重要的问题，因为我们可能并没有把正确的问题放在列表里。如果我们没有在页面上留下一点空白，以便投票人能够把他们自己的问题填在上面，我们可能就无视了对他们来说是最重要的问题。
Similarly, our best bet in analytic work is to ask very open-ended questions rather than asking, "Did that make you laugh or cry?" (a common response being "Neither, it made me sick to my stomach!"). Rather than propose an A or B, or even an A, B, or C,to choose from, we generally do best to avoid putting words in the analysand's mouth. Rather than trying to guess at the analysand's likely reaction to a situation, it often makes far more sense to simply say, "And?" or 'What was that like?" or "How did you react?" (1 mentioned exceptions to this rule of thumb earlier, in which far more precise questions are called for.) This makes it easier for the. analysand to respond however she likes.
同样地，在分析工作中，我们最好的赌注是去问非常开放性的问题，而不是问这种“那让你笑了还是哭了？”（一个普遍的回应是“都不是，它让我恶心！”）。与其建议一个A或B，或者甚至是一个A，B，或C来选择，我们通常尽最大努力去避免强行认为分析者会说什么。与其试图猜测分析者对一个情况的可能的反应，简单地说，“然后呢？”或“那是什么样的？”或“你是怎么反应的？”通常要合理得多。（早些时候我提到过这种经验法则的例外，在那种情况下，需要询问的问题要精准得多。）这对分析者以她喜欢的方式来回应要更容易些。
The way we formulate questions determines in part the response that we get: If we say, "Was that painful for you?" we are likely to get a response that includes the term "painful," whereas the analysand may have emphasized something completely different had we simply asked, "What about that?" I find open-ended questions particularly useful in working with dreams and fantasies. One day an analysand of mine told me that he was only able to remember a tiny snippet of a dream, something about his father and a raincoat. He expressed his conviction that there was too little there to work with, but, in my typical fashion, I asked, 'What about a raincoat?" "Nothing," he replied. "Nothing?" I queried after a pause of ten or more seconds. In the interim an image' of a particular raincoat had. come to him, and he soon recognized it as the one his father had been wearing one day in a store when the analysand, as a young boy, had accidentally latched onto the wrong raincoat and in short order found himself out in the store's parking lot standing with a stranger. Prior to this moment he had never remembered how the story ended, but suddenly he recalled seeing his father not too far away in the parking lot and running over to him. His father picked him up in his arms and hugged him, "kind of like he wanted me... .Maybe he did want kids after all." The analysand's mother had devoted considerable effort to convincing him that his father had never wanted children and this had affected his relationship with his father quite negatively.
我们构造问题的方式部分地决定了我们得到的回应：如果我们说，“那对你来说痛苦吗？”我们可能得到一个包含了“痛苦”这个词的回应。反之，分析者可能会强调某些完全不同的东西，如果我们简单地问到，“那怎么样了？”我发现开放性的问题在处理梦和幻想的时候特别地有用。有一天，我的一个分析者告诉我，他只能想起一个梦的一点儿片段，那是关于他的父亲和一个雨衣的部分。他确信，梦里没什么可处理的，但是，我问，“一个雨衣怎么样？”他回答说“没什么”十来秒的停顿后我问“没什么？”在这停顿期间，一个特别的雨伞的意象在他脑海里浮现了出来，他很快就认出来，那是他的父亲有一天在一个商店里一直穿着的雨衣，那时分析者，作为一个小男孩，他意外地抓错了雨衣，立刻发现自己在商店的停车场外面，和一个陌生人站在一起。在那之前，他从未想起过这个故事是怎么结束的，但是突然他想起看到他的父亲在不远的停车场那儿，正朝他跑过来。他的父亲用胳膊把他拉了起来，然后保住他，“有点像是他需要我……可能他毕竟确实需要孩子。”分析者的母亲花过相当大的努力去说服他，他的父亲从来没有想要孩子，而这对他和父亲的关系已经造成了相当负面的影响。
The more open-ended the question, the more unexpected, unpredictable, and often more productive the answer.
问题越开放，答案就越意外，越出乎意料，并且通常越有用。
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潴头磊子 赞了这篇日记 2022-01-21 09:14:59
