《文学与城市》：老书虫文学节3月11日讲座摘录｜ Literature and the City
三个来自不同国家的作家齐聚这个讲座，谈论他们的作品与现代都市之间的关系。
This talk brought together three authors from different countries to talk about how the contemporary city relates to their work
记录：石涛 （翻译：黄莹）
Notes by Tao Stein (Translated by Huang Ying)
安君·哈山（印度）
Anjum Hasan from India
克里斯托弗·特沙（巴西）
Cristovao Tezza from Brazil
彼德·克里斯徒非克（斯洛伐克）
Peter Kristufek from Slovakia
特沙：巴西的城市与乡村有着特殊的连系。那里的城市可说是无根可循的，而乡村则充满异国风情和神话色彩。
Tezza: Brazil has a unique relationship between the city and countryside. The city is seen as rootless where the countryside is exotic and mythic.
特沙：我的文学生涯起源于上世纪60年代，当时正值西方文化革命时期。我的文学是在城市中形成的。
Tezza: My literature started at the beginning of the 1960s, during that time of cultural revolution. My literature formed in the city.
库里提巴的快速公交站 / Curitiba BRT bus stop
特沙：我所描绘的城市库里提巴（位于巴西东南边，大西洋沿岸）是个很有意思的地方。那里看不到传统巴西狂欢节，它是遁世作家的栖居地，并深受欧洲影响。在那里可以找到德国、乌克兰、波兰乃至意大利的影子。
Tezza: The city I portray Curitiba (in South-East Brazil on the Atlantic coast) is an interesting place. There’s no traditional Brazilian carnival there, it’s a place for recluse writers, it has a strong European influence. There are different strains from Germany, Ukraine, Poland, and Italy.
哈山：我从小城镇来到大城市。小地方与文学隔绝很正常。但有句话说“印度就是个生活在村里的姑娘”。现在仍有大约70%的人口居住在乡村里。
Hasan: I moved from a small town to the big city. Smaller places are typically shut out of literature. But there’s an expression “India lives in her villages”. Still many people around 70% live in villages.
“小城镇在文学里无迹可寻。”－哈山
“Small towns don’t exist in literature” -- Hasan
图为班加罗尔的宫殿 / Palace at Bangalore
哈山书写的是班加罗尔这座城市。这个地方由于近来的大规模移民而变得很有意思。基本上有两类移民，一种是教育水平较高的高薪服务业工作者，另一种是教育水平偏低的无技能低收入劳动工。他们拥有一个共同点，那就是同为移民人群，却过着有着天壤之别的生活。
Hasan writes of Bangalore. It’s interesting because of recent growth with huge migration. There are two kinds of migrants, the educated who take higher paying service jobs and the uneducated who take the lower paying unskilled labor jobs. They do have some commonalities, being settlers, but also strikingly different lives.
哈山坦诚尽管班加罗尔颇有意思，但还是缺乏文学元素。她正在改变这种状况。“在真空状态中写作，让人倍感孤独。”
Hasan says that despite it’s interestingness Bangalore still doesn’t have much of a literature. She’s changing this. “Writing in a vacuum, makes you lonely”
克里斯徒非克来自斯洛伐克。他提到这是个只有五百万居民的人口相对稀疏之地。这个国家很特别，因为它老是被夹在大国之间。最初是被德国和俄国争抢。然后被苏联控制。克里斯徒非克说在过去几百年中，他的祖国轮番历经多重意识形态与政体组织转变；民主制、法西斯、共产主义，以及现今的“软性”民主制。他多次用了“软性”这个词来形容他祖国现在的民主制形式。
Kristufek is from Slovakia. He noted that it’s relatively small population-wise with only 5M inhabitants. It’s a special country because it’s always been caught between huge powers. First, between Germany and Russia. Then it was dominated by the USSR. Kristufek says in the past hundred years his country has cycled through many different ideologies and forms of political organization; democracy, fascism, communism, and now a “gentle” democracy. He used the word “gentle” several times to describe his country’s form of democracy.
布拉迪斯拉发经济大学 / Comenius University in Bratislava
克里斯徒非克还说他的祖国很乡村化。大部分人口住在乡村与小镇。对于他来说，首都布拉迪斯拉发是个大城市，但很多人戏谑说那只是个装载五十万人口的大村庄。
Kristufek also notes that his country is very rural. Most people live in villages and little towns. For him, the capital Bratislava is a big city, but people joke that at 500,000 people it’s just a big village.
克里斯徒非克接着朗诵了他短篇小说里的几段描述性段落。
Kristufek then read some descriptive prose from one of his short stories.
哈山说搬向城市的人们都梦想着城市给他们带来自由与释放，而生活在那里的人却梦想着逃离。
Hasan says everyone moving toward the city is dreaming of how it will bring them freedom and liberation, while all those living there are dreaming of how to get out.
哈山谈到班加罗尔的一些问题。这个城市缺水，所以他们需要往地下不断挖掘。这个难度在不断增长，而水质也每况愈下。哈山认为班加罗尔的用水危机恰在广义上隐喻着改变。
Hasan talked about some of the problems in Bangalore. The city doesn’t have enough water so they need to keep drilling further and further down into the ground. It gets harder and harder and the quality of the water goes down. Hasan believes Bangalore’s water crisis is a broad metaphor for change.
“城市化是个充满暴力的过程。”－特沙
“Urbanization is a violent process” - Tezza
“城市话语是种通用语言，它丧失了乡村的特定话语。某种东西在转变的过程中遗失了。”－特沙
“The language of the city is a common language, lose the specific language of the countryside. Something is lost in the transition” - Tezza
哈山认为移民身处最好角度来观察和写作，因为他们的视角很鲜活。
Hasan believes that migrants are in the best position to observe and write literature, because they see things fresh.
“要看清自己身处何方，得花费多少去乔迁？”－哈山
“How much do you need to move to see where you are?” - Hasan
“文学的创作者通常是那些拥有新鲜视角的外来者。”－哈山
“Literature is often written by people that move in and see things fresh” - Hasan
班加罗尔的贫困移民 / Poor migrant in Bangalore
“这里还出现一个问题就是，到底谁有书写一个地方的权利。相比较受过教育的移民而言，穷困的移民归属城市要困难得多。”－哈山
“There are also questions about who has the right to write about a place. It’s much more difficult for a poor migrant to claim they are a part of the city than an educated migrant” - Hasan
特沙认为文学的源头来自不幸。他遭受丧父之痛，目睹家族地位衰落，这是他从文的缘由之一。
Tezza believes unhappiness gives origin to literature. He lost his father and his family changed social status and this was part of how he began writing.
“作家都是社交无能的人。”－特沙
“Writers are people unable to socialize” - Tezza
哈山在搬到城市后她的创作体裁也发生了变化，从诗歌变成小说。她发现在诗歌里只能抒发恋旧怀乡之情。而小说使她表达更游刃有余。
Hasan moved genres when she moved to the big city, from poetry to fiction. She found she could only express nostalgia in poetry. In fiction she could express more.
阿兰达蒂·罗伊的《微物之神》/ Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things
哈山很认同印度新生代作家阿兰达蒂·罗伊《微物之神》的成功。罗伊通过这本小说从默默无名到旷世喝彩。她证明了在印度创作英文小说也可以很成功。这开启了印度文学的新春天。许多作家、文学节、出版商如雨后春笋出现。这也是哈山有意创作小说的原因之一。
Hasan believes the success of Arundhati Roy’s “The God of Small Things”. In a storybook tale, Roy came out of nowhere to meet huge popular and critical success. She showed that someone could be very successful in India writing a novel in English. This led to a boom of writing in India. Suddenly there were many more writers, more festivals, and more publishers. This was part of how Hasan became interested in writing fiction.
“我收集其他人的故事。”－克里斯托弗
“I am a collector of other’s stories” - Kristufek
特沙所在的城市库里提巴在过去二十年间人口翻倍，但他相信这座城市仍然保留着它最出彩的独特文化。
Tezza’s city Curitiba has doubled its population in the past two decades, but he believes it has kept the best features of its unique culture.
This talk brought together three authors from different countries to talk about how the contemporary city relates to their work
 |
记录：石涛 （翻译：黄莹）
Notes by Tao Stein (Translated by Huang Ying)
安君·哈山（印度）
Anjum Hasan from India
克里斯托弗·特沙（巴西）
Cristovao Tezza from Brazil
彼德·克里斯徒非克（斯洛伐克）
Peter Kristufek from Slovakia
特沙：巴西的城市与乡村有着特殊的连系。那里的城市可说是无根可循的，而乡村则充满异国风情和神话色彩。
Tezza: Brazil has a unique relationship between the city and countryside. The city is seen as rootless where the countryside is exotic and mythic.
特沙：我的文学生涯起源于上世纪60年代，当时正值西方文化革命时期。我的文学是在城市中形成的。
Tezza: My literature started at the beginning of the 1960s, during that time of cultural revolution. My literature formed in the city.
 |
库里提巴的快速公交站 / Curitiba BRT bus stop
特沙：我所描绘的城市库里提巴（位于巴西东南边，大西洋沿岸）是个很有意思的地方。那里看不到传统巴西狂欢节，它是遁世作家的栖居地，并深受欧洲影响。在那里可以找到德国、乌克兰、波兰乃至意大利的影子。
Tezza: The city I portray Curitiba (in South-East Brazil on the Atlantic coast) is an interesting place. There’s no traditional Brazilian carnival there, it’s a place for recluse writers, it has a strong European influence. There are different strains from Germany, Ukraine, Poland, and Italy.
哈山：我从小城镇来到大城市。小地方与文学隔绝很正常。但有句话说“印度就是个生活在村里的姑娘”。现在仍有大约70%的人口居住在乡村里。
Hasan: I moved from a small town to the big city. Smaller places are typically shut out of literature. But there’s an expression “India lives in her villages”. Still many people around 70% live in villages.
“小城镇在文学里无迹可寻。”－哈山
“Small towns don’t exist in literature” -- Hasan
 |
图为班加罗尔的宫殿 / Palace at Bangalore
哈山书写的是班加罗尔这座城市。这个地方由于近来的大规模移民而变得很有意思。基本上有两类移民，一种是教育水平较高的高薪服务业工作者，另一种是教育水平偏低的无技能低收入劳动工。他们拥有一个共同点，那就是同为移民人群，却过着有着天壤之别的生活。
Hasan writes of Bangalore. It’s interesting because of recent growth with huge migration. There are two kinds of migrants, the educated who take higher paying service jobs and the uneducated who take the lower paying unskilled labor jobs. They do have some commonalities, being settlers, but also strikingly different lives.
哈山坦诚尽管班加罗尔颇有意思，但还是缺乏文学元素。她正在改变这种状况。“在真空状态中写作，让人倍感孤独。”
Hasan says that despite it’s interestingness Bangalore still doesn’t have much of a literature. She’s changing this. “Writing in a vacuum, makes you lonely”
克里斯徒非克来自斯洛伐克。他提到这是个只有五百万居民的人口相对稀疏之地。这个国家很特别，因为它老是被夹在大国之间。最初是被德国和俄国争抢。然后被苏联控制。克里斯徒非克说在过去几百年中，他的祖国轮番历经多重意识形态与政体组织转变；民主制、法西斯、共产主义，以及现今的“软性”民主制。他多次用了“软性”这个词来形容他祖国现在的民主制形式。
Kristufek is from Slovakia. He noted that it’s relatively small population-wise with only 5M inhabitants. It’s a special country because it’s always been caught between huge powers. First, between Germany and Russia. Then it was dominated by the USSR. Kristufek says in the past hundred years his country has cycled through many different ideologies and forms of political organization; democracy, fascism, communism, and now a “gentle” democracy. He used the word “gentle” several times to describe his country’s form of democracy.
 |
布拉迪斯拉发经济大学 / Comenius University in Bratislava
克里斯徒非克还说他的祖国很乡村化。大部分人口住在乡村与小镇。对于他来说，首都布拉迪斯拉发是个大城市，但很多人戏谑说那只是个装载五十万人口的大村庄。
Kristufek also notes that his country is very rural. Most people live in villages and little towns. For him, the capital Bratislava is a big city, but people joke that at 500,000 people it’s just a big village.
克里斯徒非克接着朗诵了他短篇小说里的几段描述性段落。
Kristufek then read some descriptive prose from one of his short stories.
哈山说搬向城市的人们都梦想着城市给他们带来自由与释放，而生活在那里的人却梦想着逃离。
Hasan says everyone moving toward the city is dreaming of how it will bring them freedom and liberation, while all those living there are dreaming of how to get out.
哈山谈到班加罗尔的一些问题。这个城市缺水，所以他们需要往地下不断挖掘。这个难度在不断增长，而水质也每况愈下。哈山认为班加罗尔的用水危机恰在广义上隐喻着改变。
Hasan talked about some of the problems in Bangalore. The city doesn’t have enough water so they need to keep drilling further and further down into the ground. It gets harder and harder and the quality of the water goes down. Hasan believes Bangalore’s water crisis is a broad metaphor for change.
“城市化是个充满暴力的过程。”－特沙
“Urbanization is a violent process” - Tezza
“城市话语是种通用语言，它丧失了乡村的特定话语。某种东西在转变的过程中遗失了。”－特沙
“The language of the city is a common language, lose the specific language of the countryside. Something is lost in the transition” - Tezza
哈山认为移民身处最好角度来观察和写作，因为他们的视角很鲜活。
Hasan believes that migrants are in the best position to observe and write literature, because they see things fresh.
“要看清自己身处何方，得花费多少去乔迁？”－哈山
“How much do you need to move to see where you are?” - Hasan
“文学的创作者通常是那些拥有新鲜视角的外来者。”－哈山
“Literature is often written by people that move in and see things fresh” - Hasan
 |
班加罗尔的贫困移民 / Poor migrant in Bangalore
“这里还出现一个问题就是，到底谁有书写一个地方的权利。相比较受过教育的移民而言，穷困的移民归属城市要困难得多。”－哈山
“There are also questions about who has the right to write about a place. It’s much more difficult for a poor migrant to claim they are a part of the city than an educated migrant” - Hasan
特沙认为文学的源头来自不幸。他遭受丧父之痛，目睹家族地位衰落，这是他从文的缘由之一。
Tezza believes unhappiness gives origin to literature. He lost his father and his family changed social status and this was part of how he began writing.
“作家都是社交无能的人。”－特沙
“Writers are people unable to socialize” - Tezza
哈山在搬到城市后她的创作体裁也发生了变化，从诗歌变成小说。她发现在诗歌里只能抒发恋旧怀乡之情。而小说使她表达更游刃有余。
Hasan moved genres when she moved to the big city, from poetry to fiction. She found she could only express nostalgia in poetry. In fiction she could express more.
 |
阿兰达蒂·罗伊的《微物之神》/ Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things
哈山很认同印度新生代作家阿兰达蒂·罗伊《微物之神》的成功。罗伊通过这本小说从默默无名到旷世喝彩。她证明了在印度创作英文小说也可以很成功。这开启了印度文学的新春天。许多作家、文学节、出版商如雨后春笋出现。这也是哈山有意创作小说的原因之一。
Hasan believes the success of Arundhati Roy’s “The God of Small Things”. In a storybook tale, Roy came out of nowhere to meet huge popular and critical success. She showed that someone could be very successful in India writing a novel in English. This led to a boom of writing in India. Suddenly there were many more writers, more festivals, and more publishers. This was part of how Hasan became interested in writing fiction.
“我收集其他人的故事。”－克里斯托弗
“I am a collector of other’s stories” - Kristufek
特沙所在的城市库里提巴在过去二十年间人口翻倍，但他相信这座城市仍然保留着它最出彩的独特文化。
Tezza’s city Curitiba has doubled its population in the past two decades, but he believes it has kept the best features of its unique culture.
![[已注销]](https://img9.doubanio.com/icon/up82015509-26.jpg){kind=icon}
