Macro View of China's health system reform _968
Macro View of China's health system reform
Abstract: the formation of the three long-planned economy, industrial relations and economic structure of deformity, is including in China, including health care economic and social contradictions and problems in all the main source. Reform the old limit rural to urban mobility and transformation of the institutional barriers to further liberalization of the tertiary industry and promote the rural population to the second and tertiary industries and accelerate the urbanization process is the economic and social development and farmers access to modern health services the only way. In the economic and social system to a market economy from a planned situation, health system have no choice but to implement market-oriented reforms. The lack of an overall reform program and reform seriously lagging behind, is the area of health caused the current direct cause of many problems. The high cost of long-term health care and other issues not addressed many of the major health care reform by China's goal is not clear, the distribution system reform lags behind other causes. Solve many problems in the area of health is the fundamental way to reduce the economic restructuring, and actively promote market-oriented reforms.
Keywords: medical and health problem, the three industries, market-oriented reforms
Since industrialization, increased productivity and economic and social development, people continue to pursue a healthy, quality, and stresses quality of life, health in people's daily lives more and more important significance. Recently, one of the health system more views and comments, some comrades even think that our health care market reform is a failure. In fact, the overall economic and social health as an important part of its reform and steps to be subject to the constraints of social reform and development, need to understand the larger dimensions of health system reform.
1, the current economic and social contradictions and problems in all the main source
Currently, there are widespread dissatisfaction and views on health the greatest number of problems in other key areas of the tertiary industry, there are also serious. Such as medical treatment is difficult, of coverage, difficulty in education is to go to school and education overburdened afford to go to school, and so on. The views of people on the field of education a little less better than the health sector. This fully shows that we are to solve the problem is not simply a medical health system's problems, but rather from the last century started in the early 50 Niandai the expense of primary industry and tertiary industry, Wei Dai Jia priority to heavy industry in the economic development strategy and planning. Formed under the planned economy in the long-term agriculture, industry and tertiary industry relations between the three industries and deformity of the economic structure, to our institutional and structural conflicts are intertwined, is currently included in our economy and society, including health care All the main source of contradictions and problems. Therefore, the reform is to solve this problem, structural adjustment is the problem to be solved.
Economic history of the development of the world, can be found in the case without government control, with the productivity level of the Ti Gao, socio-economic structure will have a Bijiaoxietiao development, this is particularly manifested in GDP in the third Chan Ye Zhan the proportion of a continuous improved. In 1980, the world's gross domestic product, the tertiary industry accounted for an average 55.6% in 2001 to 67.7%, 49.4% from India, South Korea 53.7%, UK 71.5%, U.S. 75.3%. Tertiary industry has always been to accommodate the largest employment sector of society, according to historical statistics Palgrave, UK 1951, all departments in the tertiary industry employment total employment 59.1%, 63.3% in 1961, 1991, increased 83.9%. [1] Japan in 1980, employment in the tertiary industry accounted for 64.7% of total employed population in 1995 to 71.7%. South Korea in 1980, employment in the tertiary industry 43.5%, up 62.6% in 1994. [2]
While the tertiary industry in China has long been suppressed in a minimum point, in 1980 only accounted for 21%. [3] According to the information of National Bureau of Statistics, from 1952 to 1987, 36 years, China's tertiary industry in GDP, the proportion of only 5 years, more than 30%. Since 1988, the 10-odd years, at current prices, the tertiary industry in China in the proportion of gross domestic product exceeded 30% only; However, if the constant prices for most years Rengran below 30%. In accordance with the view in front of me, because the planning system is not the value of tertiary industry statistics, where the projected proportion of tertiary industry must be overvalued. Reference to China's employment population ratio between the three industries constituted, from 1980 the population in the tertiary industry accounted for only 13.1% of all employees in the estimate of the traditional system, the degree of suppression of the tertiary industry than we can imagine a large extent much more.
Artificially undermine the coordinated development of economy planned economy not only cause economic fluctuations and a waste of time, but we still continue to taste the bitter fruit left over from history. In 2001, China's tertiary industry accounted for 34.1% of total GDP that year, almost half the world average only, the proportion of tertiary industry is the world's one of the lowest, second only to Nigeria. Since the early 1990s, China's economy has been weak and in low run, but the fundamental reason reform of the tertiary industry and primary industry lagged far behind, forming a constraining social and economic development bottlenecks. [4]
As many of our areas of also artificially reduced beam in a small space, our economy and people are accustomed to life is limited, so can not imagine after the opening of the tertiary industry was what it was like. In 2003, the Pfizer pharmaceutical company only \Also, according to Beijing Business Today, Disney film business in the fourth fiscal quarter loss of 300 million U.S. dollars. Because the market system, countries do not permit the existence of monopolies, these companies and some of China's monopoly of the corporate monopoly industries are different, and these big companies of similar size should have a lot of similar enterprises. Accordingly, we can assume that the size of companies in developed countries, developing media market of medicine and how much, and the full development of the tertiary industry can absorb the workforce and provide economic activities, there is room. Therefore, speeding up structural reforms and the pace of economic restructuring, opening of medical health, including the tertiary industry in China, the rapid development of the new century, the basic conditions of China, also to solve the many difficulties with our current strategic and decisive measures.
Second, our farmers are not the causes of modern medical and health services and solutions
Farmers generally lack access to modern health services is the fundamental source of long-planned system for limiting the development of agriculture and rural urbanization process, despite our efforts over half a century, but has not yet fundamentally change the pattern of China's dual economic structure. Rural population to the secondary and tertiary industries and the tertiary industry and further open the country's economic and social development of the same process, but also the vast majority of farmers of our population access to the only way modern medical and health services. Farmers accounted for 80% of the total population in China. How to solve their own history has been essentially no access to modern medical and health services, is the next 30 years to 50 years, economic and social development needs addressed important social problems. From the mid-1990s began to implement the new rural cooperative medical care is not primarily the problem of low coverage, but to raise funds too little, can not get the majority of farmers generally enjoy the modern medical and health services. How to make every farmer access to modern medical and health? Seems the most simple and most provincial approach is the design strength of a new health system for all farmers and urban workers enjoy the same as the basic medical services. This approach in countries with low proportion of agricultural population may be feasible. However, it is not in our country do. At present, China's urban workers in the basic medical security system is to co-ordinate the establishment of a mandatory 11% of salary for each Zhi Gong Shang's revenue base, You Yu implementation time're not very long Chengzhenjiuye order not Guifan, Kao Guo Jia outside the financial allocation and Guoyouqiye the many units and individuals have not participated, so the coverage of only about 1 billion people. However, the 1 billion people have only basic medical illness co-ordination, minor illness, common diseases still need to spend money for himself. Must be pointed out is that now participate in the population of urban basic medical care, which are of relatively high income country, more stable source of income class. For even if the other few little income of 1.2 billion people also enjoy this medical care, so much money come from? Therefore, although we recognize that the farmers as the main body of the majority of the population can not enjoy our modern medical and health resources is a serious social injustice, but to resolve this unfair is not a simple method would be able to do the job .
Modern health services is a sort of modern industry, modern society development level of a modern way of life. In the just past half century, the planting of traditional agriculture in China mainly in Gaishan planting techniques and planting Fangfafangmian, receive and Xishou the Bushao modern science and technology Zhi Shi, Youliang varieties, fertilizers, electricity, and Jixieyingyong are With a large degree of popularity. Especially under the Government's Bangzhu, the majority of our agricultural areas of water conservancy facilities and Fangzhi natural disasters of ability and so Youliaoyiding Chengdu's Gaishan. However, China's agriculture has not yet out of the manual labor, and decentralized operations stage, most of the agricultural area still has the natural characteristics of the economy.
The expense of long-planned economy, the implementation of agriculture and tertiary industry, the priority development of heavy industry development strategy, to artificially set a number of social systems, hampering agriculture, industry and tertiary industry integration, coordination of development and hinder the rural surplus Labor with economic and social development in a timely manner to the second and tertiary industries, so the majority of our farmers are now basically at the subsistence mode of production and traditional way of life, full of economic vitality of many workers to enter the Jishi urban economic and social development, but their identity and ultimately it can only ever return to farmers. Because most farmers have been working with the community of the modern economy there are few links, can not melt in modern society, so difficult to include modern and modern society, including health care goods and services.
So, solve the basic medical and health problems of farmers, is essentially a how to make our traditional agricultural modernization, agricultural and rural surplus labor force to shift to urbanization and changing life styles of the problem. Many years ago, we have recognized the income of farmers to solve the \However, how to ensure that farmers increase income? For a long time of thinking is on increasing yield and income, the price of agricultural products on how to improve the area. The essence is to put its focus on land, to continue in the traditional mode of production to increase production and improve income. There is no doubt that good management of land, to some extent to increase the income of farmers, but not fundamentally so that farmers get rich.
In the modern economic structure, agriculture is the relatively low productivity industries. Since the industrial revolution in the history of Fazhanguocheng, the original in the traditional agricultural sector employment of workers continuously successful Zhuan Yi Dao higher productivity in the second and tertiary industries, to achieve the rural population to urban population shift, not only significantly improve the transfer of Lao Dong was by personal income, more importantly, to optimize the economic structure and bring the whole society's economic growth. Originally, according to social development, a farmer into the city to find a job, and then settle in life, naturally complete the rural population to urban population shift. However, in the traditional system, the farmers must be the government's labor department planned to leave rural areas only after recruitment, or a lifetime is difficult to enter the city.
Reform and opening up, China's urban economic and social development soon, the government seemed to have a unified labor as configured. However, the community of rural surplus labor movements, the problem is along the direction of the old system. 20 years, China's urban social development needs of large numbers of workers are not planning system, through the absorption of the peasants, urban workers and peasants into the way, nor is it as foreign and liberation of the old China by way of attracting immigrants, but by a species unique to use \Cities for their own economic development and social needs, a complete system set up to deal with migrant workers, basically can do it \A farmer working in a city 10 or 20 years, even if they had to work hard and not get any job opportunities for improvement and promotion in post, but must be repeated again and again \The \Farmers in the city without a decent and well-paid job, wife and children can not receive city life, children can not go to school in his city workers themselves can not be working in the cities themselves. What to say our system is not fair, that the various restrictions on farmers is the biggest injustice. In this respect our system of written and unwritten regulations, is unique in the world, is rich farmers and prevent the process of urbanization in China the main institutional barriers.
Therefore, we address the issue of farmers in the key is to change the traditional thinking, to focus on the reform of the planned economy period of the formation of the social management system and free, Free Farmers regard, transfer of rural surplus labor problem to the farmers deregulation, reform household registration system, the implementation of ID card system to protect citizens rights to freedom of movement and residence. The future development of our society is strong, while opening up the tertiary industry to lift the community to set up many of the fetters of the rural population mobility and restrictions to the community in a timely manner to absorb large numbers of rural surplus labor to achieve most of the Nongmin conversion and Urbanization, the majority of farmers to get through the city for professional and modern urban population of the same social protection. At the same time, still attached to the agriculture and rural areas to small farmers through the agricultural production scale, industrialization, and achieve a higher income, and thus sufficient to lead a modern life as the urban population, access to the same city as the modern medical Azeri health services.
Visible, our farmers access to modern medical and health service issues, in fact, is to make the vast majority of farmers from lower production efficiency of agricultural production, shift to higher production efficiency could be the second and third industries, the realization of the rural population urbanization, industrialization of agricultural production and rural economic modernization, in order to achieve the integration of our dual economy to a unified market economy transformation. It and the medical and health services, and all the reform and development of tertiary industry are the overall development of China's current economic and social part of the same process, all need to deepen structural reforms and economic restructuring, be realized.
3, behind China's long-term medical and health reasons
Long planned economy limited the development of medical and health, leading to our health and resources behind the cause of a serious shortage of health care in the field contributed to current problems of the main reasons. Medical and health undertakings in China have long been the traditional economic system constraints caused by a serious shortage of tertiary industry in China is one of the industries most in need. China's 1.3 billion population, 22% of the total world population, total health expenditure accounted for only 2% of the world's total. In other words, even if the health status of our country to improve the average level of the world, you need to now expand the use of health resources 10 times. Or, will present our annual investment in health care costs, the same as today-scale hospitals and medical personnel, health resources are a further expansion of 10 times, only Da Dao Cai current world average.
According to the Ministry of Health statistics, in 2003, the total cost of our health care accounts for 5.65% of total GDP in China, only about 50 United States and other developed countries in the early levels. Medical and health industry is very backward and a serious shortage of resources will inevitably highlight the many contradictions in China's medical and health fields, such as medical treatment is difficult, health care and services to low levels of poor quality, high fees, and so on. Economic Analysis of the market is supply and demand imbalance caused by the great contradictions. But it also shows from the other hand, health care in China has considerable room for development. The rapid development of medical and health services not only can reduce the gap between developed countries and to meet the national health healthy life requirements that Kuotaijiuye He Jihuowoguo Xiaofei, promote economic growth, alleviate and eliminate the current Xuduoshekuai Wo Guo Mao Dun.
Be done to the cause of the rapid development of China's medical and health? Rely on government investment, continue to walk the path of government control of health resources, or open invigorating, walk the road of market reform? In a number of awareness of this issue must be addressed:
First, according to the negative faction view, our medical and health resources development has been achieved by the market allocation, \targeting mainly determined by market demand conditions. \In fact, from the policy level 说 already allowed Fei Zheng Fu funds Juban hospital, but Cong real sector management and approval Kan, 20 Duonian Lai reform, the medical field Zhishi right Kaishe approval Tiaojian individual patient is relatively relaxed Le, Dan's Tiaojian the running of hospitals and the community environment have not yet developed, even if outside the strong medical and health institutions can not do in our hospital. According to 2003 statistics, China's hospital beds, equipment and medical personnel for more than 96% of health resources are also controlled by the hands of the government-run public hospitals, medical and health industry investment through various channels, enough to form a situation of market competition does not appear . Zai government-run hospitals, the small number of hospitals relying on government's long-term basis Yijingjizhong the Woguo Summa's health Zi Yuan, occupying Duoshu public are Wufayuqi Jing Zheng Yi Yuan special strong dominance. As competition in the market conditions and the situation has not yet formed, it should be said that the area of market-oriented health care reform has not made substantial progress. Only when the government-run competition between hospitals is equal, and non-governmental hospitals and government hospitals run by competition to contend, and foreign modern level of medical institutions and we achieved docking, people can enjoy in the local medical services at major hospitals abroad can be said that the area of health when actually opened.
Second is whether government investment alone can meet the needs of the community and achieve coordinated development of economy and society? We are talking about health care, found that government investment is not enough, but the Government in the tertiary industry investment in all areas of severe shortage, the Government has put in some sectors is far smaller than on health. Institutions as a result of long-term plan for the third industry of debt, our health resources and the tertiary industry in most areas of the resource Duanque is not an Xiao Shu Zi, Yikaozhengfu Li Shi Ji can not make up for the formation of the debt, let alone Man Zuyin social development, increasing new demand. So, with the actual needs of medical and health development are compared, the figures can be of greatest investment is a very small decimal. We must change our thinking, relying solely on government investment in order to mobilize social forces to achieve the market required the development of medical and health funds.
Third, can a whole in economic and social situation of a market economic system under the health plan this one out all out system? Market economy is relative to the natural history of the economy has emerged, also occurred in a short time by the government control of the planned economy in terms of a mode of production. In the market economy, producers and consumers are based on market information to determine their own economic behavior, social resources to achieve in all sectors through market allocation. Imagine, how can we draw from a large piece of the market by the government or any other social organizations in accordance with the principles of planned economy to organize production and distribution of all nationals. Moreover, in a continuous development and improvement of the market before, and the international market in a docking of the large market in a strong country if the Government can direct control of resources are extremely limited, Renhe Du government and other social organizations can only determine if they are to investors as share some of his resources to market, but can not draw from the market economy means a planned operation in the whole society.
Fourth, the government health sector managers to do or attempt to control health care resources to do the subject and the market leader? The more the development of modern medicine, health services and people's health is more and more diversified consumer demand. The Government's main function is to manage and regulate the medical industry, the healthcare industry required to provide the services in line with market rules conducive to people's health. Furthermore, as the buyer will purchase from the market certain medical products and services or to provide public health products to the whole society, or basic medical services provided to socially vulnerable groups. However, the main market, the Government can not do, because the government could neither produce Zuyi occupy large market share of Zijin, they can not get to be like a business to operate as directly in the market. Market-led Government could not do. Market economy is the economic system of free competition. Market constituted by a one investor, each investor should invest for their own acts. Investors can only lead themselves, can not lead others. Market has led the market manipulator is equivalent to have. Then, the leader should be responsible for the failure of other people's investments. Therefore, the Government can not continue to pursue market economic system to do the subject and the dominant economic activity, but to do good market economic order of the managers and maintenance people. <FONT Style=\ More articles related to topics：
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Abstract: the formation of the three long-planned economy, industrial relations and economic structure of deformity, is including in China, including health care economic and social contradictions and problems in all the main source. Reform the old limit rural to urban mobility and transformation of the institutional barriers to further liberalization of the tertiary industry and promote the rural population to the second and tertiary industries and accelerate the urbanization process is the economic and social development and farmers access to modern health services the only way. In the economic and social system to a market economy from a planned situation, health system have no choice but to implement market-oriented reforms. The lack of an overall reform program and reform seriously lagging behind, is the area of health caused the current direct cause of many problems. The high cost of long-term health care and other issues not addressed many of the major health care reform by China's goal is not clear, the distribution system reform lags behind other causes. Solve many problems in the area of health is the fundamental way to reduce the economic restructuring, and actively promote market-oriented reforms.
Keywords: medical and health problem, the three industries, market-oriented reforms
Since industrialization, increased productivity and economic and social development, people continue to pursue a healthy, quality, and stresses quality of life, health in people's daily lives more and more important significance. Recently, one of the health system more views and comments, some comrades even think that our health care market reform is a failure. In fact, the overall economic and social health as an important part of its reform and steps to be subject to the constraints of social reform and development, need to understand the larger dimensions of health system reform.
1, the current economic and social contradictions and problems in all the main source
Currently, there are widespread dissatisfaction and views on health the greatest number of problems in other key areas of the tertiary industry, there are also serious. Such as medical treatment is difficult, of coverage, difficulty in education is to go to school and education overburdened afford to go to school, and so on. The views of people on the field of education a little less better than the health sector. This fully shows that we are to solve the problem is not simply a medical health system's problems, but rather from the last century started in the early 50 Niandai the expense of primary industry and tertiary industry, Wei Dai Jia priority to heavy industry in the economic development strategy and planning. Formed under the planned economy in the long-term agriculture, industry and tertiary industry relations between the three industries and deformity of the economic structure, to our institutional and structural conflicts are intertwined, is currently included in our economy and society, including health care All the main source of contradictions and problems. Therefore, the reform is to solve this problem, structural adjustment is the problem to be solved.
Economic history of the development of the world, can be found in the case without government control, with the productivity level of the Ti Gao, socio-economic structure will have a Bijiaoxietiao development, this is particularly manifested in GDP in the third Chan Ye Zhan the proportion of a continuous improved. In 1980, the world's gross domestic product, the tertiary industry accounted for an average 55.6% in 2001 to 67.7%, 49.4% from India, South Korea 53.7%, UK 71.5%, U.S. 75.3%. Tertiary industry has always been to accommodate the largest employment sector of society, according to historical statistics Palgrave, UK 1951, all departments in the tertiary industry employment total employment 59.1%, 63.3% in 1961, 1991, increased 83.9%. [1] Japan in 1980, employment in the tertiary industry accounted for 64.7% of total employed population in 1995 to 71.7%. South Korea in 1980, employment in the tertiary industry 43.5%, up 62.6% in 1994. [2]
While the tertiary industry in China has long been suppressed in a minimum point, in 1980 only accounted for 21%. [3] According to the information of National Bureau of Statistics, from 1952 to 1987, 36 years, China's tertiary industry in GDP, the proportion of only 5 years, more than 30%. Since 1988, the 10-odd years, at current prices, the tertiary industry in China in the proportion of gross domestic product exceeded 30% only; However, if the constant prices for most years Rengran below 30%. In accordance with the view in front of me, because the planning system is not the value of tertiary industry statistics, where the projected proportion of tertiary industry must be overvalued. Reference to China's employment population ratio between the three industries constituted, from 1980 the population in the tertiary industry accounted for only 13.1% of all employees in the estimate of the traditional system, the degree of suppression of the tertiary industry than we can imagine a large extent much more.
Artificially undermine the coordinated development of economy planned economy not only cause economic fluctuations and a waste of time, but we still continue to taste the bitter fruit left over from history. In 2001, China's tertiary industry accounted for 34.1% of total GDP that year, almost half the world average only, the proportion of tertiary industry is the world's one of the lowest, second only to Nigeria. Since the early 1990s, China's economy has been weak and in low run, but the fundamental reason reform of the tertiary industry and primary industry lagged far behind, forming a constraining social and economic development bottlenecks. [4]
As many of our areas of also artificially reduced beam in a small space, our economy and people are accustomed to life is limited, so can not imagine after the opening of the tertiary industry was what it was like. In 2003, the Pfizer pharmaceutical company only \Also, according to Beijing Business Today, Disney film business in the fourth fiscal quarter loss of 300 million U.S. dollars. Because the market system, countries do not permit the existence of monopolies, these companies and some of China's monopoly of the corporate monopoly industries are different, and these big companies of similar size should have a lot of similar enterprises. Accordingly, we can assume that the size of companies in developed countries, developing media market of medicine and how much, and the full development of the tertiary industry can absorb the workforce and provide economic activities, there is room. Therefore, speeding up structural reforms and the pace of economic restructuring, opening of medical health, including the tertiary industry in China, the rapid development of the new century, the basic conditions of China, also to solve the many difficulties with our current strategic and decisive measures.
Second, our farmers are not the causes of modern medical and health services and solutions
Farmers generally lack access to modern health services is the fundamental source of long-planned system for limiting the development of agriculture and rural urbanization process, despite our efforts over half a century, but has not yet fundamentally change the pattern of China's dual economic structure. Rural population to the secondary and tertiary industries and the tertiary industry and further open the country's economic and social development of the same process, but also the vast majority of farmers of our population access to the only way modern medical and health services. Farmers accounted for 80% of the total population in China. How to solve their own history has been essentially no access to modern medical and health services, is the next 30 years to 50 years, economic and social development needs addressed important social problems. From the mid-1990s began to implement the new rural cooperative medical care is not primarily the problem of low coverage, but to raise funds too little, can not get the majority of farmers generally enjoy the modern medical and health services. How to make every farmer access to modern medical and health? Seems the most simple and most provincial approach is the design strength of a new health system for all farmers and urban workers enjoy the same as the basic medical services. This approach in countries with low proportion of agricultural population may be feasible. However, it is not in our country do. At present, China's urban workers in the basic medical security system is to co-ordinate the establishment of a mandatory 11% of salary for each Zhi Gong Shang's revenue base, You Yu implementation time're not very long Chengzhenjiuye order not Guifan, Kao Guo Jia outside the financial allocation and Guoyouqiye the many units and individuals have not participated, so the coverage of only about 1 billion people. However, the 1 billion people have only basic medical illness co-ordination, minor illness, common diseases still need to spend money for himself. Must be pointed out is that now participate in the population of urban basic medical care, which are of relatively high income country, more stable source of income class. For even if the other few little income of 1.2 billion people also enjoy this medical care, so much money come from? Therefore, although we recognize that the farmers as the main body of the majority of the population can not enjoy our modern medical and health resources is a serious social injustice, but to resolve this unfair is not a simple method would be able to do the job .
Modern health services is a sort of modern industry, modern society development level of a modern way of life. In the just past half century, the planting of traditional agriculture in China mainly in Gaishan planting techniques and planting Fangfafangmian, receive and Xishou the Bushao modern science and technology Zhi Shi, Youliang varieties, fertilizers, electricity, and Jixieyingyong are With a large degree of popularity. Especially under the Government's Bangzhu, the majority of our agricultural areas of water conservancy facilities and Fangzhi natural disasters of ability and so Youliaoyiding Chengdu's Gaishan. However, China's agriculture has not yet out of the manual labor, and decentralized operations stage, most of the agricultural area still has the natural characteristics of the economy.
The expense of long-planned economy, the implementation of agriculture and tertiary industry, the priority development of heavy industry development strategy, to artificially set a number of social systems, hampering agriculture, industry and tertiary industry integration, coordination of development and hinder the rural surplus Labor with economic and social development in a timely manner to the second and tertiary industries, so the majority of our farmers are now basically at the subsistence mode of production and traditional way of life, full of economic vitality of many workers to enter the Jishi urban economic and social development, but their identity and ultimately it can only ever return to farmers. Because most farmers have been working with the community of the modern economy there are few links, can not melt in modern society, so difficult to include modern and modern society, including health care goods and services.
So, solve the basic medical and health problems of farmers, is essentially a how to make our traditional agricultural modernization, agricultural and rural surplus labor force to shift to urbanization and changing life styles of the problem. Many years ago, we have recognized the income of farmers to solve the \However, how to ensure that farmers increase income? For a long time of thinking is on increasing yield and income, the price of agricultural products on how to improve the area. The essence is to put its focus on land, to continue in the traditional mode of production to increase production and improve income. There is no doubt that good management of land, to some extent to increase the income of farmers, but not fundamentally so that farmers get rich.
In the modern economic structure, agriculture is the relatively low productivity industries. Since the industrial revolution in the history of Fazhanguocheng, the original in the traditional agricultural sector employment of workers continuously successful Zhuan Yi Dao higher productivity in the second and tertiary industries, to achieve the rural population to urban population shift, not only significantly improve the transfer of Lao Dong was by personal income, more importantly, to optimize the economic structure and bring the whole society's economic growth. Originally, according to social development, a farmer into the city to find a job, and then settle in life, naturally complete the rural population to urban population shift. However, in the traditional system, the farmers must be the government's labor department planned to leave rural areas only after recruitment, or a lifetime is difficult to enter the city.
Reform and opening up, China's urban economic and social development soon, the government seemed to have a unified labor as configured. However, the community of rural surplus labor movements, the problem is along the direction of the old system. 20 years, China's urban social development needs of large numbers of workers are not planning system, through the absorption of the peasants, urban workers and peasants into the way, nor is it as foreign and liberation of the old China by way of attracting immigrants, but by a species unique to use \Cities for their own economic development and social needs, a complete system set up to deal with migrant workers, basically can do it \A farmer working in a city 10 or 20 years, even if they had to work hard and not get any job opportunities for improvement and promotion in post, but must be repeated again and again \The \Farmers in the city without a decent and well-paid job, wife and children can not receive city life, children can not go to school in his city workers themselves can not be working in the cities themselves. What to say our system is not fair, that the various restrictions on farmers is the biggest injustice. In this respect our system of written and unwritten regulations, is unique in the world, is rich farmers and prevent the process of urbanization in China the main institutional barriers.
Therefore, we address the issue of farmers in the key is to change the traditional thinking, to focus on the reform of the planned economy period of the formation of the social management system and free, Free Farmers regard, transfer of rural surplus labor problem to the farmers deregulation, reform household registration system, the implementation of ID card system to protect citizens rights to freedom of movement and residence. The future development of our society is strong, while opening up the tertiary industry to lift the community to set up many of the fetters of the rural population mobility and restrictions to the community in a timely manner to absorb large numbers of rural surplus labor to achieve most of the Nongmin conversion and Urbanization, the majority of farmers to get through the city for professional and modern urban population of the same social protection. At the same time, still attached to the agriculture and rural areas to small farmers through the agricultural production scale, industrialization, and achieve a higher income, and thus sufficient to lead a modern life as the urban population, access to the same city as the modern medical Azeri health services.
Visible, our farmers access to modern medical and health service issues, in fact, is to make the vast majority of farmers from lower production efficiency of agricultural production, shift to higher production efficiency could be the second and third industries, the realization of the rural population urbanization, industrialization of agricultural production and rural economic modernization, in order to achieve the integration of our dual economy to a unified market economy transformation. It and the medical and health services, and all the reform and development of tertiary industry are the overall development of China's current economic and social part of the same process, all need to deepen structural reforms and economic restructuring, be realized.
3, behind China's long-term medical and health reasons
Long planned economy limited the development of medical and health, leading to our health and resources behind the cause of a serious shortage of health care in the field contributed to current problems of the main reasons. Medical and health undertakings in China have long been the traditional economic system constraints caused by a serious shortage of tertiary industry in China is one of the industries most in need. China's 1.3 billion population, 22% of the total world population, total health expenditure accounted for only 2% of the world's total. In other words, even if the health status of our country to improve the average level of the world, you need to now expand the use of health resources 10 times. Or, will present our annual investment in health care costs, the same as today-scale hospitals and medical personnel, health resources are a further expansion of 10 times, only Da Dao Cai current world average.
According to the Ministry of Health statistics, in 2003, the total cost of our health care accounts for 5.65% of total GDP in China, only about 50 United States and other developed countries in the early levels. Medical and health industry is very backward and a serious shortage of resources will inevitably highlight the many contradictions in China's medical and health fields, such as medical treatment is difficult, health care and services to low levels of poor quality, high fees, and so on. Economic Analysis of the market is supply and demand imbalance caused by the great contradictions. But it also shows from the other hand, health care in China has considerable room for development. The rapid development of medical and health services not only can reduce the gap between developed countries and to meet the national health healthy life requirements that Kuotaijiuye He Jihuowoguo Xiaofei, promote economic growth, alleviate and eliminate the current Xuduoshekuai Wo Guo Mao Dun.
Be done to the cause of the rapid development of China's medical and health? Rely on government investment, continue to walk the path of government control of health resources, or open invigorating, walk the road of market reform? In a number of awareness of this issue must be addressed:
First, according to the negative faction view, our medical and health resources development has been achieved by the market allocation, \targeting mainly determined by market demand conditions. \In fact, from the policy level 说 already allowed Fei Zheng Fu funds Juban hospital, but Cong real sector management and approval Kan, 20 Duonian Lai reform, the medical field Zhishi right Kaishe approval Tiaojian individual patient is relatively relaxed Le, Dan's Tiaojian the running of hospitals and the community environment have not yet developed, even if outside the strong medical and health institutions can not do in our hospital. According to 2003 statistics, China's hospital beds, equipment and medical personnel for more than 96% of health resources are also controlled by the hands of the government-run public hospitals, medical and health industry investment through various channels, enough to form a situation of market competition does not appear . Zai government-run hospitals, the small number of hospitals relying on government's long-term basis Yijingjizhong the Woguo Summa's health Zi Yuan, occupying Duoshu public are Wufayuqi Jing Zheng Yi Yuan special strong dominance. As competition in the market conditions and the situation has not yet formed, it should be said that the area of market-oriented health care reform has not made substantial progress. Only when the government-run competition between hospitals is equal, and non-governmental hospitals and government hospitals run by competition to contend, and foreign modern level of medical institutions and we achieved docking, people can enjoy in the local medical services at major hospitals abroad can be said that the area of health when actually opened.
Second is whether government investment alone can meet the needs of the community and achieve coordinated development of economy and society? We are talking about health care, found that government investment is not enough, but the Government in the tertiary industry investment in all areas of severe shortage, the Government has put in some sectors is far smaller than on health. Institutions as a result of long-term plan for the third industry of debt, our health resources and the tertiary industry in most areas of the resource Duanque is not an Xiao Shu Zi, Yikaozhengfu Li Shi Ji can not make up for the formation of the debt, let alone Man Zuyin social development, increasing new demand. So, with the actual needs of medical and health development are compared, the figures can be of greatest investment is a very small decimal. We must change our thinking, relying solely on government investment in order to mobilize social forces to achieve the market required the development of medical and health funds.
Third, can a whole in economic and social situation of a market economic system under the health plan this one out all out system? Market economy is relative to the natural history of the economy has emerged, also occurred in a short time by the government control of the planned economy in terms of a mode of production. In the market economy, producers and consumers are based on market information to determine their own economic behavior, social resources to achieve in all sectors through market allocation. Imagine, how can we draw from a large piece of the market by the government or any other social organizations in accordance with the principles of planned economy to organize production and distribution of all nationals. Moreover, in a continuous development and improvement of the market before, and the international market in a docking of the large market in a strong country if the Government can direct control of resources are extremely limited, Renhe Du government and other social organizations can only determine if they are to investors as share some of his resources to market, but can not draw from the market economy means a planned operation in the whole society.
Fourth, the government health sector managers to do or attempt to control health care resources to do the subject and the market leader? The more the development of modern medicine, health services and people's health is more and more diversified consumer demand. The Government's main function is to manage and regulate the medical industry, the healthcare industry required to provide the services in line with market rules conducive to people's health. Furthermore, as the buyer will purchase from the market certain medical products and services or to provide public health products to the whole society, or basic medical services provided to socially vulnerable groups. However, the main market, the Government can not do, because the government could neither produce Zuyi occupy large market share of Zijin, they can not get to be like a business to operate as directly in the market. Market-led Government could not do. Market economy is the economic system of free competition. Market constituted by a one investor, each investor should invest for their own acts. Investors can only lead themselves, can not lead others. Market has led the market manipulator is equivalent to have. Then, the leader should be responsible for the failure of other people's investments. Therefore, the Government can not continue to pursue market economic system to do the subject and the dominant economic activity, but to do good market economic order of the managers and maintenance people. <FONT Style=\ More articles related to topics：
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