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查看话题 >雅思小作文流程图写作心得
笔者是有13年教学经验的雅思培训老师，今天给大家分享一下我总结的。
一、流程图题型特点与本质考察
流程图（Process Diagram）是雅思小作文中极具挑战性的题型，占比约15%。不同于常规数据图表，它要求考生将动态过程转化为文字描述，重点考察逻辑顺序梳理能力和过程分解能力。
核心特征：
- 动态性：展现生产流程、自然循环等连续动作
- 时序性：严格遵循时间/空间顺序
- 系统性：各环节相互关联形成闭环
官方评分侧重点：
- Task Achievement（任务完成）：是否完整覆盖关键步骤
- Coherence & Cohesion（连贯衔接）：逻辑连接词使用
- Lexical Resource（词汇丰富度）：专业术语准确性
- Grammatical Range（语法多样性）：复杂句运用能力
二、四步拆解法：流程图写作万能公式
STEP 1：预判流程结构（3分钟）
- 识别起点和终点（如raw material → finished product）
- 标记重复环节（如多次出现的mixing、heating）
- 区分主次步骤（核心过程vs辅助环节）
STEP 2：搭建逻辑框架 采用"总-分-总"结构：
Introduction：概括流程目的+总体步骤数 Overview：核心阶段划分（如3大阶段） Body Paragraphs：按时间/空间顺序展开 Conclusion：总结流程结果（可选）
STEP 3：段落写作模板 主体段1（起始阶段）： The process commences with... followed by... This initial stage primarily aims to...
主体段2（核心阶段）： A critical phase involves... which is achieved through... Subsequently, ... occurs, requiring... to be...
主体段3（收尾阶段）： The final stage concentrates on... ensuring... Upon completion, the end product is ready for...
STEP 4：语言升级策略
- 使用被动语态增强客观性：The mixture is heated to...
- 动词名词化提升学术感：evaporation → the evaporation process
- 添加副词强化逻辑：simultaneously, subsequently, conversely
三、高阶词汇库与句式模板
必背动词短语：
- 输入原料：introduce raw materials / load the components
- 转化过程：undergo oxidation / be subjected to filtration
- 质量检测：conduct quality assessment / perform standard checks
专业连接词：
- 时序连接：Following this → Once completed → The next stage entails
- 因果连接：Due to this transformation → This chemical reaction leads to
- 对比连接：In contrast to the initial phase → Whereas heating occurs in...
数据描述句式：
- 时间节点：After a 30-minute incubation period...
- 数量变化：The volume increases from X liters to Y liters...
- 温度控制：Maintained at 150°C for 15 minutes...
四、避坑指南：常见错误解析
误区1：过度翻译思维 ❌错误：First, people put the material into the machine. ✅修正：The raw material is initially loaded into the processing chamber.
误区2：步骤跳跃 ❌错误：The liquid is cooled and then packaged. ✅修正：Following rapid cooling to 5°C, the solution undergoes aseptic packaging.
误区3：术语误用 ❌错误：Use fire to melt metal. ✅修正：The alloy is subjected to high-frequency induction heating.
误区4：时态混乱 ❌错误：Now they mix the ingredients. ✅修正：At this stage, the components are combined through mechanical stirring.
五、真题范文精析（以造纸流程为例）
题目：The diagram illustrates the production of recycled paper.
范文解析：
The flowchart delineates the five-stage recycling process transforming waste paper into reusable pulp.
Overall, the procedure consists of collection, decontamination, pulping, screening, and drying stages, with each phase designed to enhance material purity.
Initial collection involves gathering used paper from various sources, which is then sorted by fiber type. Subsequent decontamination employs water jets to remove inks and adhesives, producing a slurry mixture.
The core pulping stage utilizes a rotary drum to shred the material into fibers, followed by screening through vibrating meshes to eliminate impurities. Finally, the refined pulp is spread on conveyor belts and dehydrated using thermal presses, resulting in sheets ready for secondary manufacturing.
Notably, energy recovery systems capture heat during dehydration, exemplifying sustainable industrial practices.
得分点分析：
- 专业术语：slurry mixture, rotary drum, thermal presses
- 数据化描述：five-stage, various sources
- 可持续发展角度：energy recovery systems
六、备考强化方案
- 动态过程建模：用乐高积木模拟生产流程，培养空间思维
- 术语专项训练：每日记忆10个行业动词（如crystallize, centrifuge）
- 计时写作：20分钟完成150字流程图，重点控制段落比例
- 反向工程：将范文改写为流程图，训练逆向思维
