Wikipedia条目翻译 - 波斯犹太人
总人口:30万至35万(估计数据)
聚居国家与地区
· 以色列(20万至25万人)
· 美国(6万至8万人)
· 伊朗(9826人)
· 加拿大(1000人)
· 澳大利亚(不超过740人)(注:据统计,伊朗裔澳大利亚人中有3%是犹太人)
使用语言:波斯语(包括犹太-伊朗语言[Judeo-Iranian languages])、犹太-阿拉姆语(Judeo-Aramaic languages)、希伯来语
宗教信仰:犹太教
相关族群:其他米兹拉希犹太人(Mizrahi Jews,如高加索犹太人[Mountain Jews]、布哈拉犹太人[Bukharan Jews])
波斯犹太人(Persian Jews)也可被称作“伊朗犹太人”(Iranian Jews/ یهودیان ایرانی/ ahudiyān-e Irāni/ יהודים פרסים/ Yəhūdīm Parsīm),是流散全球的各支犹太人群体中历史相当久远的一支。追溯至古以色列(ancient Israel)时期,在阿契美尼德帝国(Achaemenid Empire,前550-前330年)统治波斯时,有一群犹太人移居到了波斯,他们就是波斯犹太人的祖先。希伯来圣经中的书卷(如以斯帖记、以赛亚书、但以理书、以斯拉记、尼希米记等)详述了犹太人在古波斯的生活经历;至少从居鲁士二世(又称‘居鲁士大帝’[Cyrus the Great])时期起,波斯就存在一直未断绝的犹太人口,居鲁士二世率军征服新巴比伦帝国(Neo-Babylonian Empire,前626-前539年)后,将犹大王国(Kingdom of Judah,前930-前587年)的犹大人从巴比伦人手中解放了出来(参见:巴比伦囚虏[Babylonian captivity])。
1979年后,由于伊朗国内爆发伊斯兰革命,离开伊朗,定居他国的犹太人数量骤增。目前,大部分伊朗犹太人都生活在以色列和美国。生活在以色列的伊朗犹太人主要聚居在萨瓦村(Kfar Saba)、内坦亚(Netanya)、耶路撒冷、特拉维夫这四座城市。在美国,洛杉矶的德黑兰吉利斯(Tehrangeles,即德黑兰和洛杉矶两地名的混成词,又名‘小波斯’[Little Persia])和贝弗利山庄两区域以及纽约州长岛的长岛北岸(North Shore)地区都有着规模较大的波斯犹太人社群。在巴尔的摩和明尼阿波利斯-圣保罗都会区(Minneapolis–Saint Paul)也存在着规模较小的波斯犹太人社群。2016年伊朗人口普查结果显示,伊朗国内还剩9826名犹太人,但也有独立的第三方机构估计,伊朗国内剩余的犹太人人口在8500左右。
参考资料
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· Kevin Alan Brook. The Jews of Khazaria Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006 ISBN 1442203021 p. 233
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· Religious Minorities in Iran, Eliz Sanasarian, Cambridge University Press, 2000, page 150.
· Brook, Kevin Alan (2006). The Jews of Khazaria (2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p. 223. ISBN 978-1442203020.
· Häberl, Charles. "The Middle East and North Africa". Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages.
· Levy, Habib (1999). Comprehensive History of the Jews of Iran. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers.
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· Lewis, Bernard (1984). The Jews of Islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00807-3.
· Littman, David (1979). "Jews Under Muslim Rule: The Case Of Persia". The Wiener Library Bulletin. XXXII (New series 49/50).
· Foltz, Richard (2013). Religions of Iran: From Prehistory to the Present. London: Oneworld publications. ISBN 978-1-78074-308-0.
· Sanasarian, Eliz (2000). Religious Minorities in Iran. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77073-6.
· Willis, Charles James (2002). Persia as It Is: Being Sketches of Modern Persian Life and Character. Cambridge: Adamant Media Corporation. ISBN 978-1-4021-9297-5.
· Houman M. Sarshar: The Jews of Iran. The History, Religion, and Culture of a Community in the Islamic World. I.B. Tauris, London/New York 2014, ISBN 978-1-78076-888-5
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