新增专业词汇及其用法举例05
adduct 加合物，加成化合物
例句1: LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis results showed a significant tendency of the ellagic acid hydrolysis product to react with the predominant intermediate ARP to yield an adduct. The adduct stabilized the ARP and delayed its decomposition and inhibited the downstream reactions toward browning[1].
LC-ESI-MS/MS分析结果表明，鞣花酸水解产物与主要中间体ARP反应产生加合物的趋势显著。加合物稳定了ARP，延缓了其分解，抑制了下游对褐变的反应。
例句2: In that regard, for the first time, it was demonstrated that the catechin-MG adduct was capable of oxidizing and forming a new o-quinone, contributing to wine instability promoted by oxidation reactions[2].
在这方面，首次证明了儿茶素-MG加合物能够氧化并形成新的邻醌，导致氧化反应促进葡萄酒的不稳定性。
[1] CUI H P, WANG Z Y, MA M Y, et al. Maillard browning inhibition by ellagic acid via its adduct formation with the amadorirearrangement product [J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2021, 69(34): 9924-9933.
[2] MONFORTE A R, MARTINS S, FERREIRA A C S. Impact of phenolic compounds in strecker aldehyde formation in wine model systems: Target and untargeted analysis [J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2020, 68(38): 10281-10286.
alcohol 乙醇，醇
例句1:The possibility of determining the content of pectic substances in tomato fruits via the content of alcohol insoluble substances has been investigated[1].
已经研究了通过乙醇不溶性物质的含量来确定番茄果实中果胶物质含量的可能性。
例句2: Of 20 genotypes of melon fruits tested, 17 were able to esterify exogenous isoburyl alcohol[2].
在测试的20种甜瓜果实基因型中，有17种能够酯化外源性异丁醇。
[1] PEVICHAROVA G, MANUELYAN H, TODOROV T, et al. A study of the relationship between pectic and alcohol insoluble substances in tomatoes; proceedings of the 2nd Balkan Symposium on Vegetables and Potatoes, Thessaloniki, Greece, F Oct 11-15, 2000 [C]. 2002.
[2] UEDA Y, FUJISHITA N, CHACHIN K. Presence of alcohol acetyltransferase in melons (Cucumis melo L) [J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 1997, 10(2): 121-126.
ammonium 铵
例句1: The homeostasis of ammonium in the plant cell is under tight control to prevent ammonium toxicity when in excess[1].
植物细胞中铵的稳态受到严格控制，以防止过量时的铵毒性。
例句2:Uptake of ammonium was lower in osdof18 mutants than in the wild type, while that of nitrate was not affected by the mutation[2].
osdof18突变体对铵的摄取低于野生型，而硝酸盐的摄取不受突变的影响。
[1] ZHOU Y, BAI L, SONG C P. Ammonium homeostasis and signaling in plant cells [J]. Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(8): 741-747.
[2] WU Y, YANG W, WEI J, et al. Transcription factor OsDOF18 controls ammonium uptake by inducing ammonium transporters in rice roots [J]. Molecules and Cells, 2017, 40(3): 178-185.
amylose 直链淀粉
例句1: Maize amylose is a type of high value-added starch used for medical, food, and chemical applications[1].
玉米直链淀粉是一种高附加值淀粉，用于医疗、食品和化学应用。
例句2: Despite of several attempts, the elucidation of genetic factors behind high amylose biosynthesis remains unclear[2].
尽管进行了几次尝试，但高直链淀粉生物合成背后的遗传因素仍不清楚。
[1] HAN J N, GUO Z H, WANG M J, et al. Using the dominant mutation gene Ae1-5180 (amylose extender) to develop high-amylose maize [J]. Molecular Breeding, 2022, 42(10): 57.
[2] MISHRA A, SHARMA V, RAHIM M S, et al. Genotyping-by-sequencing based QTL mapping identified a novel waxy allele contributing to high amylose starch in wheat [J]. Euphytica, 2021, 217(6): 131.
avidity 亲和力，抗体亲抗原性
例句1:Avidity also covers potential effects of reduced dimensionality and/or hindered diffusion observed at or near surfaces e.g., at the cell membrane[1].
抗体亲抗原性还包括在表面（如细胞膜）或其附近观察到的降维和/或扩散受阻的潜在影响。
例句2:Litter effects significantly affected antibody avidity and maturation[2].
凋落效应显著影响抗体的亲和力和成熟度。
[1] ERLENDSSON S, TEILUM K. Binding revisited-avidity in cellular function and signaling [J]. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 2021, 7: 615565.
[2] APPLEYARD G D, MALLARD B A, KENNEDY B W, et al. Antibody avidity in swine lymphocyte antigen-defined miniature pigs [J]. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Veterinaire, 1992, 56(4): 303-307.
