林语堂英译版《兰亭集序》
林语堂英译版《兰亭集序》
翻译教学与研究 2023-09-23 发表于北京
本文转自：译·世界、华南翻译市场、光明网、百度百科等
林语堂（1895.10.10—1976.3.26），福建龙溪（今漳州）人，原名和乐，后改玉堂，又改语堂，中国现代著名作家、学者、翻译家、语言学家。早年留学美国、德国，获哈佛大学文学硕士，莱比锡大学语言学博士。回国后在清华大学、北京大学、厦门大学任教。1954年赴新加坡筹建南洋大学，任校长 。
曾任联合国教科文组织美术与文学主任、国际笔会副会长、景星学社社员等职。林语堂于1940年和1950年先后两度获得诺贝尔文学奖提名。
曾创办《论语》《人间世》《宇宙风》等刊物，作品包括小说《京华烟云》《啼笑皆非》。散文和杂文文集《人生的盛宴》《生活的艺术》以及译著《东坡诗文选》《浮生六记》等。1966年定居台湾，1967年受聘为香港中文大学研究教授，主持编撰《林语堂当代汉英词典》。
《兰亭集序》文字灿烂，字字玑珠，是一篇脍炙人口的优美散文，它打破成规，自辟径蹊，不落窠臼，隽妙雅逸，不论绘景抒情，还是评史述志，都令人耳目一新。
林语堂在《论翻译》一文中说，“翻译很微妙，非与原作者心意相通不能做好；翻译一位作者的作品相当于用一种新的语言为他发声，这样做的前提是要与作者成为朋友”。由林语堂翻译成的英文版《兰亭集序》，读起来也有一气呵成之感。
《兰亭集序》王羲之
永和九年，岁在癸丑。暮春之初，会于会稽山阴之兰亭，修禊事也。群贤毕至，少长咸集。此地有崇山峻岭，茂林修竹，又有清流激湍，映带左右，引以为流觞曲水，列坐其次。虽无丝竹管弦之盛，一觞一咏，亦足以畅叙幽情。
It is the ninth year of Yonghe (A.C.353), also known as the year of Guichou in terms of the Chinese lunar calendar.
On one of those late spring days, we gather at the Orchid Pavilion, which is located in Shanyin County, Kuaiji Prefecture, for dispelling bad luck and praying for good fortune.
The attendees of the gathering are all virtuous intellectuals, varying from young to old.
Endowed with great mountains and lofty peaks, Orchid Pavilion has flourishing branches and high bamboo bushes all around, together with a clear winding brook engirdled, which can thereby serve the guests by floating the wine glasses on top for their drinking.
Seated by the bank of brook, people will still regale themselves right by poetizing their mixed feelings and emotions with wine and songs, never mind the absence of melody from string and wind instruments.
是日也，天朗气清，惠风和畅。仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛。所以游目骋怀，足以极视听之娱，信可乐也。
It is such a wonderful day, with fresh air and mild breeze. Facing upwards to the blue sky, we behold the vast immensity of the universe; when bowing our heads towards the ground, we again satisfy ourselves with the diversity of species.
Thereby we can refresh our views and let free our souls, with luxuriant satisfaction done to both ears and eyes. How infinite the cheer is!
夫人之相与，俯仰一世。或取诸怀抱，悟言一室之内；或因寄所托，放浪形骸之外。虽趣舍万殊，静躁不同，当其欣于所遇，暂得于己，快然自足，不知老之将至；及其所之既倦，情随事迁，感慨系之矣。向之所欣，俯仰之间，已为陈迹，犹不能不以之兴怀，况修短随化，终期于尽！古人云：“死生亦大矣”，岂不痛哉！
People keep coming and going, and life soon rushes to its end. Some people prefer to share their proud aspiration and lofty goals with close friends indoors, while some others choose to follow their interest and free their minds wherever and whenever they like.
May characters vary from person to person, or some would rather stay peaceful while others like to live restlessly, they will all become delighted and satisfied once they meet something pleasant, so cheerful that they get unaware of their imminent old age.
However, when they get tired of their old fancies that they’ve already experienced, and sentiment correspondingly accompanies the change of situation, all sorts of complicated feelings will well up in the heart, too.
Isn’t it thought-provoking that the happiness we used to enjoy passes by without leaving a single trace, let alone that the length of life is subject to the fate, and death is inevitable for anybody in the end?
Just as some ancient man once put it, “Death also deserves our attention, like what life does.”, so how can we restrain ourselves from grieving?
每览昔人兴感之由，若合一契，未尝不临文嗟悼，不能喻之于怀。固知一死生为虚诞，齐彭殇为妄作。后之视今，亦犹今之视昔，悲夫!故列叙时人，录其所述，虽世殊事异，所以兴怀，其致一也。后之览者，亦将有感于斯文。
Every time I ponder about the reasons why our predecessors would produce works with such inenarrable emotions, I find there seem some similarities between our minds.
Yet I cannot help lamenting their literary masterpieces while I am struggling for the very cause in my innermost world. Now I come to realize that it has been ridiculous for me to equate death with life, long life with short life.
The descendants view us just the way we look at our predecessors, and how woeful it is! Hence I write down all the names of the attendees and put their poetry into record.
Conditions may go with the changes of time, but people’s emotions shall stay the same. I believe the following readers will still have much to mediate about life and death when appreciating this poetry anthology.
附上《兰亭集序》白话文版本↓
永和九年，是癸丑之年，阴历三月初，（我们）会集在会稽山阴的兰亭，为了从事修禊祭礼。众多贤才都汇聚在这里，年长的年少的都聚集在一起。兰亭这地方有高峻的山峰，高大茂密的竹林。又有清澈湍急的溪流，（如同青罗带一般）环绕在亭子的四周，（我们）引（清流激湍）来作为流觞的曲水，列坐在曲水旁边。虽然没有演奏音乐的盛况，（但）喝点酒，作点诗，也足以令人抒发内心深处的情意。这一天，晴明爽朗，春风和暖畅快。向上看，天空广大无边，向下看，地上事物如此繁多，借以纵展眼力，开畅胸怀，尽情的享受视听的乐趣，实在是快乐呀！
人们彼此交往，很快便度过一生。有时把自己的志趣抱负，在室内畅谈自己的胸怀抱负；有时就着自己所爱好的事物，寄托自己的情怀，不受任何拘束，放纵无羁地生活。虽然各有各的爱好，取舍爱好各不相同，安静与躁动不同，（可是）当他们对所接触的事物感到高兴时，一时感到自得，感到高兴和自足，不觉得老年即将到来；等到（对于）那些所得到的东西已经厌倦，感情随着事物的变化而改变，感慨随之而产生。过去感到高兴的事，转眼之间成为旧迹，仍然不能不因它引起心中的感触，何况寿命的长短，听凭造化，最终归结于消亡！古人说：“死生也是一件大事。”怎么能不悲痛呢？
每当看到古人（对死生的大事）发生感慨的原因，（和我所感慨的）像符契那样相合，没有不面对他们的文章而感叹悲伤的，（却）不能明白于心。因此知道把死和生等同起来的说法是不真实的，把长寿和短命等同起来的说法是妄造的。后代的人看现在，也正如同我们今天看过去一样，这真是可悲呀！所以我一个一个记下当时参加聚会的人，抄录下他们作的诗赋，即使时代变了，世事不同了，但是人们兴发感慨的缘由，人们的思想情趣是一样的。后世的读者，也将有感慨于这次集会的诗文。
林语堂的文言文翻译技巧
中国的文言文用词简洁，微言大义。正如有学者所指出的，“单音节性”是中国文学尤其是古典文学的审美规范，西方人却崇尚连贯性。
因此，林语堂运用“句化”，将汉语中含义凝练的单个字词转化为句子。如此，译文便更加符合西方读者的阅读习惯，地道易懂。