恋词考研英语真题5500词第二天Unit 01继续
status [ˈsteɪtəs] n. 地位；情形；状况；重要身份
According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by _______.
[A] their expectation of better financial status
[B] their need to reflect on their private life
[C] their strained relations with the boards
[D] their pursuit of new career goals
paragraph段。senior除了之前介绍的年长的，资深的，还有高级的意思。executive总经理，管理层，管理人员的意思。spur可作名词和动词的刺激、激励、鞭策、促进。
根据第二段，高级经理的辞职可能是被________刺激。
[A] 他们对更好财政状况的期望
[B] 他们对他们私生活反思的需要 reflect映射，reflect on反思、考虑
[C] 他们和董事会的紧张关系 the boards董事会，委员会 strain动词或名词的压，损伤。strained紧张的
[D] 他们对新职业目标的追求
His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background.
paternal父系的。英语中，祖父母和外祖父母都是grandparents，所以加了paternal，paternal grandparents表示祖父母。 steward服务员，乘务员，管家。housekeeper管家，房间清洁工。possess拥有，控制，支配。servant仆人，职员。conceal隐藏，隐瞒，掩盖
翻译：他的祖父母，一个是管家一个是房间清洁工，社会地位很低，做着仆人，狄更斯随后隐去了他们的背景。
Dickens狄更斯。查尔斯·狄更斯英国著名作家。
assert [/əˈsɜːrt] v. 坚称；断言；表明
The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either.
administration这里是政府的意思。in essence实质上，carry out实施，Congress的C大写，代表美国国会。
翻译：实质上，（美国）政府宣称是因为它不想实施国会的移民期望， 任何州也都不用允许这样做。
affirm [əˈfɜːrm] v. 断言；肯定；证实
Both sides affirmed their commitment to the ceasefire.
双方声明他们协议停火。
public
adj. [ˈpʌblɪk] 公共的；公众的；公开的；
n. [ˈpʌblɪk] 公众，民众
形近词：publication，reputation，publicity，publicized，publicly
publication [ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn] n. 出版；发行；出版物；发行物；
That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.
dedicate奉献，be dedicated to致力于
翻译：那就是我们要出版《Arc》 的一个原因，一本致力于不远的将来的新出版物。
republican
[rɪˈpʌblɪkən] adj. 共和国的；共和政体的；
[rɪˈpʌblɪkən] n. 拥护共和政体者；共和主义者；
Republican adj. 共和党的；支持共和党的；
In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor.
union有联合的意思，the union代表工会。rally名词或动词的召集，集会。hardline强硬的，硬派。
翻译：在威斯康辛州，工会已经召集了上千支持者来反对强硬的共和派州长Scott Walker。
publicity [pʌbˈlɪsəti] n. 宣传活动；宣传，推广；关注
There has been a great deal of publicity surrounding his disappearance.
关于他的失踪有着很多报道。
publicized [ˈpʌblɪsaɪzd] adj. 公开的，也是publicize的过去式
I’m used to being publicized, not analyzed.
我习惯被宣传，而不是被分析。
A preliminary Analysis on individualized writing and publicized writing of newborn generation.
对新生代私人化写作和公开化写作的初步分析。
preliminary 形容词，初步的，预备的，开始的。名词，序言，开场白，准备工作。副词，初步地，作为起始/预备地。
publicly ['pʌblɪkli] adv. 公共地；公开地；公众地；
publicly funded legal service政府出资的法律服务
in public：公开地，当众
Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public.
在公众面前，银行家把他们的麻烦归咎于他们自己身上。
mass
[mæs] n. 民众；大量
[mæs] adj. 大量的；大规模的；大批的；
A mass of snow and rocks falling down the mountain.
从山上滚落下来的积雪和石头。
civil [ˈsɪvl] adj. 公民的；民事的；
civil unrest民众的骚乱
law [lɔː] n. 法律；法令；法规；规律；定律；
形近词：claw，lawful，lawsuit，flaw，lawyer
A lot of students take up law as their profession due to _______.
[A] the growing demand from client.
[B] the increasing pressure of inflation
[C] the prospect of working in big firms
[D] the attraction of financial rewards
很多学生选择法律作为他们的专业是因为_________。
[A] 不断增长的客户需求
[B] 不断增长的通货膨胀压力
[C] 在大公司工作的前景
[D] 经济回报的吸引力
claw
[klɔː] n. 爪；螯；钳；爪形器具；
[klɔː] v. 用爪抓
The claws of crabs. 螃蟹的螯
The cat was clawing at the leg of the chair.
猫在抓椅子腿。
lawful [ˈlɔːfl] adj. 合法的；法定的；法律许可的；
His lawful heir. 他的合法继承人。
lawsuit [ˈlɔːsuːt] n. 诉讼；诉讼案件；
He filed a lawsuit against his record company. 他对他的唱片公司提出一纸诉讼。
flaw
[flɔː] n. 瑕疵；裂纹；缺点；
[flɔː] v. 使破裂；使有缺陷；
The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long.
glaring显眼的，明显的。present这里是呈现的意思。
翻译：如它在这里所呈现的，社会治疗最明显的缺陷是它不能长久的良好运行。
lawyer [ˈlɔːjər] n. 律师；法学家
legislation [ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn] n. 法律；法规
This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.
句子中的reform是改良，改革的意思。可作名词，动词，形容词。
翻译：这就是为什么近些年在改革立法上的重复尝试失败的原因，使邮政服务无法支付它的账单只能推迟重要的现代化进程。
mean [miːn]
v. 意味着，即是；意指，意思是说；打算，意欲；意义重大；
adj. 吝啬的；刻薄的；破旧的；平均的；
n. 平均值，平均数
形近词：meaning，well-meaning，meaningless，meaningfully，means，meanwhile
Clearly, intelligence encompass more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart?
encompass不及物动词，包含，包围
翻译：很明显，智力包含的不止是一次测试的分数。那么聪明意为着什么呢？
The development of “cloud computing”, meanwhile, means that police officers could conceivably access even more information with a few swipes on a touchscreen.
conceivably可想而知地，想得到地。副词，这里修饰动词access。swipe刷，击打。
与此同时，“云计算”的发展，意为着警务人员只要在触摸屏上滑动几下可以轻而易举的获得更多信息。
meaning [ˈmiːnɪŋ] n. 意义，含义
What’s the meaning of this word?这个单词的意思是什么？
With Anna he learned the meaning of love. 通过于与爱相处，他明白了爱的意义。
well-meaning [ˌwel ˈmiːnɪŋ] adj. 善意的；好心的；
He is a well-meaning but ineffectual leader.
他是一个心有余但力不足的领导。
meaningfully [ˈmiːnɪŋfəli] adv. 有意图地；有意义地；重要地
And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
“刻意练习”理论是Anders Ericsson提出的。他出版的《刻意练习》直到现在都是有很大反响的畅销书。
determine决定、决心、准确算出，查明。 entail及物动词，涉及，需要，牵涉，使必要。
翻译：而学习如何将信息有意义编码的最好方式，Ericsson确信，是一个被熟知为刻意练习的过程。刻意练习涉及的不止是简单的重复一个任务。而是，它包含了设置具体的目标，获得立即的反馈并且像关注结果一样关注技巧。
means [miːnz] n. 方法；手段
Is there any means of contacting him?
meanwhile [ˈmiːnwaɪl] adv. 同时；其间
Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs.
liability债务，责任。unfunded没有资金的。
翻译：与此同时，它有超过1200亿美金的无资金准备负债，主要是员工健康和退休的费用。
健康？医保和健康有关吗？退休费用，不就是社保吗？国家发展过程中必然会遇到的健康保障和养老保障问题，美国遇到过，中国现在正在经历。
by means of: 用；依靠
The load was lifted by means of a crane.
负荷是用起重机升起来的。
by no means: 绝不；一点也不
That was by no means the end of the matter.
这件事绝不可能到此为止。
indicate [ˈɪndɪkeɪt] v. 表明；暗示；象征；反映；
Research indicates that eating habit are changing fast.
implication [ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn] n. 可能引发的后果（或影响）；暗示；含意
Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes.
stripe有条纹的意思，all stripes是各种各样的。
学者，政策制定者，和各种各样的批评家争论这些变化可能引发的社会影响。
influence [ˈɪnfluəns]
n. 影响；感化；势力；权势
v. 影响；感化
形近词：influential
influential [ˌɪnfluˈenʃl]
adj. 有影响力的；有势力的；
n. 有影响的人；有势力的人。
Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to ________.
[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education
[B] define the government’s role in education
[C] keep a leading position in liberal education
[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education
retain 保持，保留，留有。safeguard保护，保卫
翻译：
国会中有影响力的人物要求AAAS对______做出报告。
[A] 保持人们对自由教育的兴趣
[B] 定义政府在教育中的角色
[C] 在自由教育中保持一个领先的位置
[D] 保护个人受教育的权利
impact
[ˈɪmpækt] n. 碰撞；撞击；影响
[ɪmˈpækt] v. 撞击；碰撞；冲击； （对...）产生影响
注意：impact作名词和作动词时的读法不一样
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment - including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line - Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customers.
make effort to 努力做... curb及物动词或名词的遏制，控制。conscious有意识的。effect除了影响，还有使发生，实现，引起的意思。
尽管一些快时尚公司已经努力控制他们对劳工和环境的影响——包括H&M，推出了绿色意识系列线，但是Cline相信，持续的改变只能被消费者所实现。
collection常用在服装线上，表示系列。这道题引用的文章，背景是快时尚对劳工的压榨和对环境的破坏——一次性的快时尚，穿几次就扔掉，对环境的破坏性很大。
live
[lɪv] v. 居住；生活；生存；以...为生；留存；铭记
[laɪv] adj. 活的；有生命的；现场演出的
注意，live作动词和形容词读音不一样
形近词：alive，deliver，delivery，outlive，liveliness，livelihood
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.
句子中的devoted是做形容词，专心致志的。 concertgoer常去听音乐会的人。reply回应，回复。miss the point不得要领，没有抓住重点
翻译：那些回复录音无法代替现场演出的专心致志的乐迷们没有抓住重点。
These recordings are cheap, available everywhere and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing.
moreover副词，此外，而且
这些录制是便宜的，随处可获取的并且经常比今天的现场表演艺术质量要高很多；此外，他们（录制）可以在听众选择的任何一个时间地点进行消费。
为什么录制会比现场表演的艺术质量要高很多，可能是因为现场表演有很多杂音。
alive [əˈlaɪv] adj. 活着的；有生气的；活跃的
If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servants.
不用管trade和unionist单独是什么意思。trade unionist是工会会员的意思。civil 公民的，民事的 civil servant公务员
翻译： 如果工会会员Jimmy Hoffa今天还活着，他可能代表公务员。
名人名言助记：I often think the night is more alive and richly colored than the day. ——Vincent van Gogh
我常常认为夜晚比白天更生动，更丰富多彩。——文森特·凡·高。
deliver [dɪˈlɪvər] v. 发表（讲话）；递送；接生（婴儿）
Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would perform on humans if they had the chance.
[A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply
翻译：
对动物智力的研究同样让我们好奇，如果动物有机会的话，它们会在人类身上做什么实验。
[A] 递送 [B] 运送；传达 [C] 做；执行 [D] 申请；适用
delivery [dɪˈlɪvəri] n. 分娩；投递；讲话方式
Allow 28 days for delivery. 请留出28天送货时间。
outlive [ˌaʊtˈlɪv] v. 比...活得长；比...经久
Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money.
拆开再组合：steelworker炼钢工人，airline航线，航空公司，auto除了自动的，还有汽车的意思。所以auto industry是汽车工业的意思。stock除了库存之外，还有股份的意思，stock market股票市场，fluctuation波动，stock market fluctuation股票市场波动，harsh reality残酷现实。
炼钢厂工人，航空公司雇员，以及现在那些汽车工业的人，正在成为必须担忧利率，股票市场波动和他们的退休金不够养老这残酷事实的数百万家庭的一员。
liveliness ['laɪvlɪnəs] n. 活力
The picture vividly catches the innocent liveliness of children.
这幅画鲜明地抓住了儿童的天真活泼。
livelihood [ˈlaɪvlihʊd] n.生计；生活
As a result of this conflict he lost both his home and his means of livelihood.
这场冲突的结果是他同时失去了家园和生计。
live off 依赖...生活，依赖
He seems to live off junk food.他好像以垃圾食品为食。
dwell [dwel] v. 居住于；存在于
I’d rather not dwell on the past. 我不想再沉湎于过去了。
reside [rɪˈzaɪd] v.定居于；属于
The source of the problem resides in the fact that the currency is too strong.
问题的根源在于货币太过坚挺。
survive [sərˈvaɪv] v. 幸存；比...活得长
Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.
这场撞车事故受伤的6人中，只有两人活了下来。
survival [sərˈvaɪvl] n. 生存；幸存；
His only chance of survival was heart plant.
只有心脏移植，他才能活下去。
inhabit [ɪnˈhæbɪt] v. 居住于
Some of rare species that inhabit the area
居住在这一区域的一些稀有物种
settle [ˈsetl] v. 定居；结束（争端）；（最终）确定
to settle a dispute/ an argument/ a matter
解决争端/争论/事情
federal [ˈfedərəl] adj. 联邦的
形近词：federation
A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making.
句子中的premier除了形容词首要的，最成功的，第一的之外，还有名词总理，首相的意思。deal-making交易决策，federal-provincial联邦与地方。
翻译：有几位总理对联邦与地方的任何交易决策持怀疑态度。
In Arizona v. United States，the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.
句子拆开再组合：In Arizona v. United States，在亚利桑那州诉联邦政府一案中，the majority多数人，overturn推翻。contest竞争，争夺，就...提出异议，provision条款，规定。contested provision充满争议的条款，controversial充满争议的，enforce除了强迫，迫使之外，还有执行的意思。the majority overturned three of the four contested provision。多数人推翻了充满争议的4项条款中的三条。什么样的充满争议的条款，of是介词，of后面Arizona’s controversial plan 亚利桑那州的争议方案，to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law，句子中出现了并列，state and local police，state和local并列，州警察和地方警察，所以，to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law就是让州警察和地方警察执行联邦移民法。
翻译：在亚利桑那州诉联邦政府一案中，多数人推翻了亚利桑那州争议方案中4条争议条款的3条，该方案是让州警察和地方警察执行联邦移民法的。
federation [ˌfedəˈreɪʃn] n. 联邦制国家；联邦；（社团或组织的）同盟；联盟；联合会
The idea is to create a federation of private online identity systems.
参考译文：这个想法旨在（的目的是）建立一个个人在线身份系统的联合体。
FBI 联邦调查局 Federal Bureau of Investigation
CIA 中央情报局 Central Intelligence Agency
