MOTOROLA MVME162-533A/MVME712/M/MVME300/MVME2301-900/MVME162-210/MVME162-212/MVME162-512/MVME162-10/
W;1 80 30 1 7 77 5 9 MOTOROLA MVME162-533A/MVME712/M/MVME300/MVME2301-900/MVME162-210/MVME162-212/MVME162-512/MVME162-10/MVME162-13/MVME162-522A/MVME162-012/MVME162-512A
MOTOROLA MVME162-533A/MVME712/M/MVME300/MVME2301-900/MVME162-210/MVME162-212/MVME162-512/MVME162-10/MVME162-13/MVME162-522A/MVME162-012/MVME162-512A
Our company is mainly engaged in; Bentley, Invensys Triconex, Woodward
外对于电机的三环控制，大家可以采用两种方法来解决，一种是自己在Automation Studio中搭建位置环，速度环和电流环的控制模型，另外一种是直接调用贝加莱的伺服驱动器，这样控制模型就不用自己再搭了，只需要调节参数进行适当的配置即可。这里我们更推荐的是第一种方法，如果同学可以将两种方法都实现，也会有额外的附加分。
第一步 – 熟悉建模仿真软件MapleSim：参考手册和视频资料，动手练习，了解建模方式和原理。这个AGV小车模型的重点是动力学仿真部分。如果能对模型，特别是车轮模型的原理能够加以解释说明，相信会给答题加分
第二步 – 调整模型参数：按照赛题要求，针对车轮中的接触元件，调整其中的摩擦参数，通过参数扫描和优化，仿真不同参数条件下AGV小车的运动学和动力学特性。
第三步 – 将仿真模型输出到控制软件Automation Studio中：使用MapleSim中的Automation Studio FMU 接口工具箱，将修改后的模型输出成为FMU文件。在Automation Studio中调试AGV小车的运动姿态，验证控制策略
第二，这次比赛的赛题需要参赛者具备扎实的机电一体化理论基础，了解运动控制中的伺服电机控制模型，知道如何调节伺服驱动的三环控制参数，来提高系统快速响应能力，稳定性和控制精度。还要研究如何把电机位置坐标系与AGV位置坐标系进行坐标变换。
第三，这次比赛中的其中两个任务涉及到最优化理论，一个是时间最短，一个是能耗最低，这两个优化目标在现实生活中都有相应的相关场景。
近期，ABB为东莞国贸中心提供了领先的电气解决方案和i-bus智能建筑控制系统。在设备层，通过低压设备，打造安全、可靠、稳定的配电系统；在控制层，提供i-bus系统，实现对公共区域场景化的灯光控制，创造更智能、更舒适的生活空间， 同时满足绿色低碳的环境要求，减少建筑物的碳排放。在项目中，涉及1000多个回路，相比传统照明解决方案，预计可节能30%以上。国贸中心项目定位一线城市综合体，用电负荷大，用电设备种类多。其中的超高层建筑体量巨大、功能复杂，在配电系统的选择上需要满足更严苛的标准。根据客户需求，ABB梳理出由空气断路器、塑壳断路器、微型断路器、双电源转换开关、隔离开关熔断器等组成的低压元器件产品组合。即使在大负荷的情况下，也能确保国贸中心配电系统的安全、稳定运行。
此外，客户提出楼宇智能控制系统不仅需具备照明控制等基本功能，还需具备稳定性、节能性与可拓展性，保证与时俱进。ABB i-bus®智能建筑控制系统通过实时监控、场景控制、定时控制等功能，对不同区域，按照不同时间段设定场景，满足客户节能降耗的要求。与此同时, ABB i-bus®智能建筑控制系统通过光纤传输方案，与楼宇自控系统集成，在监控中心远程控制不同区域的照明，满足了客户对公共区域各类场景的统一控制的要求, 让国贸中心塔楼全面智能升级。取指令与输出指令（LD/LDI/LDP/LDF/OUT）
2016年3月，AlphaGo与职业围棋选手的对局引发了人们对于人工智能的高度关注。计算机在一个公认的非常复杂的计算与智力任务中，打败了人类的顶尖选手，靠的是类人脑的智能吗？从系统的结构看，AlphaGo结合了深度神经网络训练与蒙特卡洛模拟[1]。广义的说，深度神经网络是类脑的计算形式，而蒙特卡洛方法则是发挥机器运算速度的优势，模拟出数量巨大的可能性用以进一步判断，这现在看来不是大脑工作的机制。所以AlphaGo 可以说是结合了类脑与非类脑的计算与智能，完美发挥其各自特长所取得的成功。除了AlphaGo 所运用的深度神经网络之外，现在研究的类脑计算和智能还有哪些方面？可能会在不久的将来带来什么样的突破呢？
1、接口丰富，支持以太网、串口、CAN口、IO口等设备接入及以太网、2G/3G/4G全网通网络接入；
2、内嵌上百种工业协议，支持99%以上PLC及绝大多数工业设备接入；
3、8GB本地存储+SD卡支待，支持本地数据缓存及离线应用；
4、三合一串口，支持RS485/RS232/RS422三种电气接口；
5、支持边缘计算，在物联网边缘节点实现数据优化、实时响应、敏捷连接、模型分析等业务，有效分担云端计算资源 支持多台设备同时接入；
6、支持DC9~36V宽压输入，适应多种复杂工业现场；
7、支持LED灯自定义，用户可根据需要定义LED灯（如设备状态、边缘计算结果等）；
8、无需客户端，支持按需连接的远程上传、下载，有效节省网络流量；
9、支持网关健康自诊断，快捷检测网关故障；
10、支持多种标准的VPN (PPTP/ L2TP/IPSec/OpenVPN) ；
11、支持网络主备模式，根据网络情况智能切换网络接入方式（支持智能网络诊断）；
12、强大的云端软件中心支持，可根据实际应用场景安装对应的固件、应用等；
13、支持多种远程控制模式（无密码／有密码／禁用），同时具备物理远程控制开关，一键开关远程控制功能；
14、支持多链接井发数据采集；
15、支持4G流量详情分析及流量控制；
16、支持网关远程管理；支持网络自恢复；
17、支持基站和GPS混合定位模式及本地WEB端GPS位置呈现；
18、支持本地WEB端点表配置，支持本地组态设计和呈现；
19、工业级边缘计算网关,数据采集最大支持5000点；
20、支持数据多路转发和第三方平台接入。 一般地说，类脑计算是指借鉴大脑中进行信息处理的基本规律，在硬件实现与软件算法等多个层面，对于现有的计算体系与系统做出本质的变革，从而实现在计算能耗、计算能力与计算效率等诸多方面的大幅改进。过去几十年来通讯与计算机技术的长足发展带来了信息化革命，但现有计算系统仍然面临2个严重的发展瓶颈：一是系统能耗过高，二是对于人脑能轻松胜任的认知任务（比如语言及复杂场景的理解等）处理能力不足，难以支撑高水平的智能。大脑在这两个方面的明显优势使得借鉴大脑成了一个非常有前景的方向。类脑计算是生命科学，特别是脑科学与信息技术的高度交叉和融合，其技术内涵包括对于大脑信息处理原理的深入理解，在此基础上开发新型的处理器、算法和系统集成架构，并将其运用于新一代人工智能、大数据处理、人机交互等广泛的领域。类脑计算技术有望使人工信息处理系统以非常低的能耗，产生出可以与人脑相比拟的智能。很多人认为，这一方向的实质进展将可能真正开启智能化革命的序幕，从而对社会生产生活带来深刻地变革[2] 类脑计算的研究大致可以分为神经科学的研究、特别是大脑信息处理基本原理的研究，类脑计算器件（硬件）的研究和类脑学习与处理算法（软件）的研究3个方面。在神经科学领域，过去几十年间，特别是过去10年左右的时间，取得了非常快速的发展。现在对于大脑的工作原理已经积累了丰富的知识，这为类脑计算的发展提供了重要的生物学基础。人脑是一个由近千亿的神经元通过数百万亿的接触位点（突触）所构成的复杂网络。感觉、运动、认知等各种脑功能的实现，其物质基础都是信息在这一巨大的网络当中的有序传递与处理。通过几代神经科学家的努力，目前对于单个神经元的结构与功能已经有较多了解。但对于功能相对简单的神经元如何通过网络组织起来，形成我们现在所知的最为高效的信息处理系统，还有很多问题尚待解决。脑网络在微观水平上表现为神经突触所构成的连接，在介观水平上表现为单个神经元之间所构成的连接，在宏观水平上则表现为由脑区和亚区所构成的连接。在不同尺度的脑网络上所进行的信息处理既存在重要差别，又相互紧密联系，是一个统一的整体。目前神经科学的研究热点就主要集中于在上述各层面解析脑网络的结构，观察脑网络的活动，最终阐明脑网络的功能，即信息存储、传递与处理的机制。要实现这一目标，需要突破的关键技术是对于脑网络结构的精确与快速测定，脑网络活动的大规模检测与调控，以及对于这些海量数据的高效分析，此外也亟需在实验数据的约束下，建立适当的模型和理论，形成对脑信息处理的完整认识[3]。 类脑计算器件研究的初衷是在不影响性能的前提下，大大降低功耗，或者在相似功耗下，极大提高速度。现代计算机虽然具有惊人的运算能力与运算速度，但与之相伴的是高昂的能量消耗。大型计算机的功耗往往在兆瓦量级以上，与之相比，成年人大脑的功耗只有大约20 W。巨大的能耗严重限制了系统进一步向微型化的方向发展（因为难以散热），也会使得复杂的嵌入式应用和远程应用，比如宇航探索，缺乏足够的计算能力支持（因为难以携带足够的能源）。现代计算机能耗高的一个重要原因是计算机普遍采用的冯.诺依曼架构。冯氏架构中，信息处理单元与存储单元是分离的，这样在运算过程中，势必要经常将数据在处理单元与存储单元之间进行传递，这一看似简单的过程却能贡献系统近50%的功耗。与之相比，在生物脑中，信息的处理是在神经网络中实现，而数据本身则是分布式的存储于网络的各个节点（比如由神经元内的离子浓度表征）以及节点之间的连接（比如由突触的强弱表征）上，运算和存储在结构上是高度一体化的。这样，用少量甚至单个电子器件模仿单个神经元的功能，而将数量巨大的电子“神经元”以类脑的方式形成大规模并行处理的网络，以进行计算，就成为了非常有吸引力的方向。目前研究的热点包括寻找更适合的器件以模拟单个神经元（比如忆阻器），设计非冯氏体系为基础的处理器等。近来IBM公司研发的TrueNorth芯片是这一领域的代表性进展，由于使用了非冯氏结构体系和其他一系列措施，实现了对于功耗近2个数量级的降低（图1）[4]。另外的重要进展还包括研发专用处理器，针对深度神经网络等类脑算法进行专门优化，以提高速度、降低功耗[5]，由于这一领域的算法已在图像、语音识别等方面有成熟的应用，此类专用处理器有望能较早投入实际运用。
能够大大降低能耗或是加快速度的类脑的处理器对于实现更高水平的智能无疑会有很大的帮助，但要真正实现类人水平的通用人工智能，除了需要这样的硬件基础外，关键还需要理解生物脑对于信息所做的计算，即类脑的处理及学习算法。对于此研究方向，一个常见的顾虑是：现在神经科学对于大脑工作机制的了解还远远不够，这样是否能够开展有效的类脑算法研究？对此，我们可以从现在获得广泛成功的深度神经网络获得一些启示。从神经元的连接模式到训练规则等很多方面看，深度神经网络距离真实的脑网络还有相当距离，但它在本质上借鉴了脑网络的多层结构（即“深度”一词的来源），而大脑中，特别是视觉通路的多层、分步处理结构是神经科学中早已获得的基本知识。这说明，我们并不需要完全了解了脑的工作原理之后才能研究类脑的算法。相反，真正具有启发意义的，很可能是相对基本的原则。这些原则，有的可能已经为脑科学家所知晓，而有的可能还尚待发现，而每一项基本原则的阐明及其成功的运用于人工信息处理系统，都可能带来类脑计算研究的或大或小的进步。非常重要的是，这一不断发现、转化的过程不仅能促进人工智能的进展，也会同步加深我们对于大脑为何能如此高效进行信息处理这一问题的理解[6]，从而形成一个脑科学和人工智能技术相互促进的良性循环。
脑中除了基本的兴奋与抑制性的神经递质外，还有众多的神经调质，他们的作用在于根据当前的环境与行为目标随时动态调节大范围神经网络的行为，使得相对固定的网络结构能够胜任复杂多变的情况，实现千差万别的任务。近年来对于介观及宏观脑网络动态活动规律的研究发现，脑网络可能自发地组织于一个“临界”状态附近，这一状态使得信息的存储、传递和处理都能实现最优化[10]。重要的是，通过对这一状态的微调，可以迅速调节网络功能，从而适应不同任务的要求。对于神经调质以及网络状态调控等原理的借鉴，有望对设计更加灵活，更有适应能力的人工信息处理系统提供有益启示。我们有可能从大脑的工作原理受到重要启发的第3个例子是如何实现小样本的学习和有效推广。目前取得巨大成功的深度学习依赖于庞大的样本数量，这与大脑卓越的“举一反三”，即小样本学习的能力形成鲜明对比[11]。原理上看，这意味着生物脑的学习过程并非从零开始，而是从学习之初，就拥有并运用了重要的先验知识，这包含了物种在进化过程中学到的（生物学称之为系统发生），以及个体在生活过程中学到的有关真实世界的关键知识[12]。读取这些知识，以及借鉴如何将这些知识作为先验信息注入神经网络结构从而实现小样本学习，可能会是神经科学以及类脑算法设计中一个富于成果的领域。 除了上面举出的几个例子，神经科学可能会对类脑算法设计提供重要启示的领域还包括对于突触可塑性的进一步认识，具体的各项脑功能在神经环路水平的机制等。几乎可以说，每一项脑科学的原理性发现，都可能蕴含着一颗种子，有潜力在人工智能的领域成长为像深度神经网络一样的参天大树。
总结而言，类脑计算是融合了脑科学与计算机科学、信息科学和人工智能等领域的交叉学科，我们有理由期待这一领域的研究将在不久的将来带来更多的令人瞩目的成就，推动智能技术向通用的人类水平的智能，即强人工智能的目标逐渐逼近。
如果这样来看脑科学与类脑算法研究的关系，我们可能会发现很多可供借鉴的基本规律。下面简单分析几个例子。第一是我们可以向脑学习如何更好地实现算法设计的模块化。模块化设计早已被计算机科学所采用。在这样的设计中，问题的解决分成几个固定的部分（子问题），每一个计算模块（子程序）只负责处理其中的一个。这一设计的优势在于能使算法设计大大简化，易于调试，易于修改，可以逐步完善并增加功能。更重要的是，因为表面上看起来不一样的问题往往能分解成相似的子问题，这使得模块可以重复利用，大大提高了效率并使得高度简并的系统能够胜任复杂多样的任务[7]。模块化设计的优势显而易见，但面对一系列具体问题，应该如何最有效率地划分子问题，这本身是一个困难的任务。而这可能是我们能够向大脑学习的重要知识之一。真实的大脑是模块化设计的一个范例，每个脑区或亚区负责一个信息处理的环节或方面，而具体的模块划分是经过漫长自然选择加以优化的结果，已经适应了高效处理真实世界的实际问题。深度神经网络借鉴的对于视觉信息的多层、分步处理结构，某种意义上就是大脑模块化设计的一个方面。另外近期的一项研究显示，仅仅初步借鉴了非常粗略的脑功能模块划分（包括一系列视觉区域，一个记忆区域，一个决策区域以及一系列运动控制区域等），就能使得一个相对简单的系统胜任多种不同的任务 而AlphaGo 存在一个围棋盘面的估值网络和一个独立的走棋网络（虽然我们还不知道这是否是有意的类脑的设计，但这在原理上可能是类脑的划分），也说明了合适的模块化设计可能是其成功的一个重要因素。这些结果令人鼓舞，但我们对于大脑模块化设计的借鉴也许才刚刚开始。现在神经科学的研究正在为我们给出非常详尽的，包含数百个亚区的有关人脑的模块化分区图谱，包括每一个模块和其他模块之间的信息传递通路（图3）[9]。可以预见，这将对类脑信息处理算法的设计提供关键的启示。比如对于语言区的精细亚区划分及其功能的阐明，就可能对于语言处理算法的模块化设计提供有益的借鉴。有关类脑算法设计的第二个例子是我们可以向大脑学习如何调节网络的状态，从而灵活调控信息处理过程，使得系统能够适应不同的功能需求。
（1）LD（取指令） 一个常开触点与左母线连接的指令，每一个以常开触点开始的逻辑行都用此指令。
（2）LDI（取反指令） 一个常闭触点与左母线连接指令，每一个以常闭触点开始的逻辑行都用此指令。
（3）LDP（取上升沿指令） 与左母线连接的常开触点的上升沿检测指令，仅在指定位元件的上升沿（由OFF→ON）时接通一个扫描周期。
（4）LDF（取下降沿指令） 与左母线连接的常闭触点的下降沿检测指令。
（5）OUT（输出指令） 对线圈进行驱动的指令，也称为输出指令。
取指令与输出指令的使用说明：
1）LD、LDI指令既可用于输入左母线相连的触点，也可与ANB、ORB指令配合实现块逻辑运算；
2）LDP、LDF指令仅在对应元件有效时维持一个扫描周期的接通。
3）LD、LDI、LDP、LDF指令的目标元件为X 、Y 、M 、T、C、S；4）OUT指令可以连续使用若干次（相当于线圈并联），对于定时器和计数器，在OUT指令之后应设置常数K或数据寄存器。
5）OUT指令目标元件为Y、M、T、C和S，但不能用于X（1）AND（与指令） 一个常开触点串联连接指令，完成逻辑“与”运算。
（2）ANI（与反指令） 一个常闭触点串联连接指令，完成逻辑“与非”运算。
（3）ANDP 上升沿检测串联连接指令。
（4）ANDF 下降沿检测串联连接指令触点串联指令的使用的使用说明：
1）AND、ANI、ANDP、ANDF都指是单个触点串联连接的指令，串联次数没有限制，可反复使用。
2）AND、ANI、ANDP、ANDF的目标元元件为X、Y、M、T、C和S。
3）OUT M101指令之后通过T1的触点去驱动Y4称为连续输出。
触点并联指令（OR/ORI/ORP/ORF）
（1）OR（或指令） 用于单个常开触点的并联，实现逻辑“或”运算。
（2）ORI（或非指令） 用于单个常闭触点的并联，实现逻辑“或非”运算。
（3）ORP 上升沿检测并联连接指令。
, Foxboro, Westinghouse, Ryan, Schneider Schneider
, Modicon, abb, AB, Motorola Motorola, Ge, FANUC, Yaskawa Yaskawa, Bosch rexroih, aCso, Yokogawa Yokogawa, HEMA, Emerson Emerson
Yokogawa, Honeywell, Moore, Epro, ICS triplex, Bachmann Bachmann and other major brands = = = mainly engaged in the production of spare parts module card drivers for the four major systems of PLC DCS robot servo. If you have other needs, you can also come to Xiamen xiongba e-commerce Co., Ltd. is a company specializing in the sales of module spare parts for the world-famous brand (DCS system) (robot system) (large servo control system). The company's product content is distributed control system (DCS) Programmable controller (PLC), Motorola mvme industrial module, industrial control communication converter (anybus), remote output / input module (RTU), industrial computer (IPC), industrial low frequency screen (IPC) Human machine interface SCSI (50, 68, 80pin) anybus (Gateway) has become a global sales enterprise of industrial automation spare parts and components. It is a long-term professional enterprise engaged in the sales of spare parts of ABB dsqc robot system modules and Siemens Moore APACS control system components of the world-famous brand. The spare parts we sell all provide one-year quality assurance, and have been strictly tested and certified. Recently, abb signed a supply agreement with Aker solutions, the leader of sustainable energy solutions, to provide major electrical, automation and safety systems for the northern lights project in Norway. Aker solutions is the EPC contractor of the project. The project is the first industrial carbon capture and storage project jointly constructed by Norwegian national oil company equinor, shell and total energy. It aims to develop an open and flexible infrastructure to safely store carbon dioxide emitted by European industry. The first phase of the project is planned to be completed in the middle of 2024, when 1.5 million tons of carbon dioxide will be permanently stored every year, and the storage capacity of the second phase of the project will be expanded to more than 5 million tons per year. ABB's automation, electrical and digital solutions will be an important part of the aurora borealis project to help the new carbon capture terminal achieve remote operation and ensure efficient operation of the facility. With ABB's industry-leading distributed control system ABB ability ™ With the system 800xA, operators will be able to have a clearer understanding of the operation of the aurora borealis storage facilities. The real-time and historical data analysis capabilities provided by ABB system can instantly present the operation data and KPIs of the plant, so as to help operators make more accurate and wise decisions and choose the best asset and process performance optimization scheme. Abb is not only the market leader of distributed control system, but also our long-term trusted partner. It has a comprehensive understanding of our business and expertise in land, sea and seabed projects. This is our key consideration in selecting suppliers. We must entrust important remote operations to partners with rich successful experience in reliability and performance optimization, so as to lay a solid foundation for this important development plan.
In order to achieve 1.7 billion tons of carbon dioxide capture by 2030 and achieve net zero emissions by 2050, industrial carbon capture and storage capacity is undoubtedly crucial in view of the current inability to curb industrial carbon emissions. Aurora Borealis is a significant development plan, which not only helps to rebalance the carbon cycle, but also demonstrates the spirit of innovation. We are delighted to participate in this inspiring project and contribute to a safer, smarter and more sustainable future. The special transport ship will transport the captured and liquefied carbon dioxide from the emission site to the aurora borealis Ø ygarden storage facility in western Norway, and conduct remote control through equinor's sture terminal facility located about 7 kilometers away. In order to realize remote operation, abb will establish an advanced extended operator workstation in the aurora borealis storage facility, which will work together with sture's central control room to significantly shorten the response time through seamless communication and provide 24/7 remote operation.
ABB will not only provide shore power solutions, but also deploy the main electrical system through the power process management system and the integration of high and low voltage switchboards and transformers to provide power support for the whole project. From July 7 to July 10, abb appeared at the first Xiamen International Red Power new grid equipment exhibition, bringing the world's leading digital distribution solutions. This exhibition focuses on building a tight circulation platform on the supply side and demand side of China's power and electrical industry, and jointly building a new power system with the upstream and downstream of the supply chain to help achieve the "double carbon" goal.
ABB showed its leading medium and low voltage distribution products and system solutions, including ABB unigear ZS1 500mm wide medium voltage air insulated metal enclosed digital switchgear, primegear zx0 environmentally friendly gas insulated switchgear, and neogear ™ Laminated busbar scheme low voltage switchgear, ivd4 ® Innovative products and solutions such as medium voltage intelligent solutions show ABB's leading technical support for achieving China's "carbon neutrality" goal. To achieve the goal of "double carbon", we need to build a new power system with new energy as the main body. Through the Multi Strategy precise tuning innovative solution of ABB zee600 smart energy management center, we can realize the flexible and precise regulation of "source network load storage", and create a green, low-carbon, strong, reliable, intelligent, efficient, safe and comfortable smart park. Through AI big data analysis and optimization and precise regulation and management, we can maximize the local consumption of clean energy, Improve energy efficiency and help achieve carbon emission reduction goals. ABB unigear ZS1 500mm wide switchgear, a complete set of power Internet of things solutions for medium voltage air insulated switches, is only 500mm wide, with withdrawable circuit breakers, which reduces the floor area by 25%, realizes the pre assembly of two sets and improves the efficiency of on-site installation. Using ABB ability ™ Cloud technology "cares" the health of equipment throughout its life cycle, and realizes the leap forward transformation from passive operation and maintenance and preventive detection to predictive maintenance.
ABB primegear zx0 is a 10/24kv environment-friendly digital gas insulated switchgear launched by ABB in the era of digital economy and double carbon based on mature technology and in line with the concept of modern green development. This product inherits the advantages of existing GIS products and has achieved new breakthroughs in environmental protection, safety, reliability, miniaturization and intelligence. The product can be widely used in residential power distribution, rail transit, commercial construction, industry, highways, bridges and tunnels and other fields. ABB NeoGear ™ Low voltage switchgear is a revolutionary innovation of ABB group. Latest neogear ™ The switch cabinet adopts the innovative four pole laminated busbar scheme, combined with abb ability ™ The connectivity and digital capability of the platform can reduce the occupied space by 25%, reduce the heating capacity by 20%, and reduce the operation and maintenance cost by 30%.
This switch cabinet also has a "higher level" safety design. The full insulation design ensures the safety protection of all live parts. The bus components used are 92% less than those of traditional switchgear, and the electrical connectors are 90% less. On the basis of reducing costs and improving operation and maintenance efficiency, making switchgear safer has become an ideal choice for power, food and beverage, data center and other industries. In addition, ivd4 ® The medium voltage intelligent solution was also presented at the exhibition. It realized the deep integration of VD4 Vacuum Circuit Breaker with sensors and monitoring units. The integrated solution is ready to use, helping customers realize the perception of switchgear status more smoothly and intuitively. The accurate evaluation system provides targeted operation and maintenance suggestions, and brings customers a better, more reliable and safer intelligent distribution operation and management experience. High current type
The circuit topology is named for the use of inductive elements in the DC link of the low-voltage converter. The input side adopts thyristor phase-shifting control rectification to control the current of the motor, and the output side adopts forced commutation to control the frequency and phase of the motor. It can realize the four quadrant operation of the motor.
High voltage type
The step-down transformer is introduced in the front section to step down the power grid, and then connect the low-voltage frequency converter. The input side of the low-voltage frequency converter can adopt silicon controlled phase-shifting control rectification, or two tube three-phase bridge direct rectification, and the middle DC part adopts capacitor smoothing and energy storage. IGBT components are often used in inverter or converter circuits. Through SPWM transformation, alternating current with variable frequency and amplitude can be obtained, and then transformed into the voltage level required by the motor through step-up transformer. It should be pointed out that a sine wave filter (f) needs to be placed between the converter circuit and the step-up transformer, otherwise the step-up transformer will heat up due to excessive input harmonics or dv/dt, or damage the insulation of the winding. The cost of this sine wave filter is very high, which is generally equivalent to 1/3 to 1/2 of the price of low-voltage inverter.
High frequency conversion
The high-voltage converter does not need the voltage rise and fall transformer, and the power device directly constructs the converter between the power grid and the motor. Because the problem of withstand voltage of power devices is difficult to solve, the current direct method is to use devices in series to improve the voltage level. Its disadvantage is that it needs to solve the problem of voltage equalization and buffer of devices, which is complex and difficult. However, this kind of frequency converter has no voltage rise and fall transformer, so its efficiency is high, its mode is high, and its structure is relatively compact.
Vector controlled high-voltage inverter has also been applied.
Current situation abroad
Major foreign frequency converter manufacturers have formed a series of products, and their control systems have also achieved full digitalization. Almost all products have vector control function, and the perfect process level is also a foreign feature. In developed countries, as long as there are motors, there will be frequency converters at the same time. Its current development is mainly shown as follows:
① Technology development started early and has a considerable scale of industrialization.
② The frequency converter that can provide extra large power has exceeded 10000kw.
③ The technical standards of frequency conversion and speed regulation products are relatively complete.
④ The supporting industries and industries related to frequency converters have begun to take shape.
⑤ It can produce power devices in frequency converters, such as IGBT, IGCT, sgct, etc.
⑥ High voltage inverter is widely used in various industries and has achieved remarkable economic benefits.
⑦ Internationalization and localization of products have intensified.
⑧ New technologies and processes emerge in endlessly, and are widely and rapidly applied to products.
Future situation
AC variable frequency speed regulation technology is a comprehensive technology of strong and weak current mixing and electromechanical integration. It not only deals with the conversion of huge electric energy (rectification and inversion), but also deals with the collection, transformation and transmission of information. Therefore, it must be divided into two parts: success rate and control. The former should solve the technical problems related to high voltage and large current, and the latter should solve the software and hardware control problems. Therefore, in the future, high-voltage variable-frequency speed regulation technology will also be developed in these two aspects, mainly as follows:
① High voltage inverter will develop in the direction of high power, miniaturization and lightness.
② High voltage inverter will develop in two directions: direct device high voltage and multiple superposition (device series and unit series).
③ New power semiconductor devices with higher voltage and greater current will be used in high voltage converters.
④ At this stage, IGBT, IGCT and sgct will still play a major role, and SCR and GTO will withdraw from the inverter market.
⑤ The application of speed sensorless vector control, flux control and direct torque control will be mature.
⑥ Fully realize digitization and automation: parameter self setting technology; Process self optimization technology; Fault self diagnosis technology.
⑦ The application of 32-bit MCU, DSP, ASIC and other devices to achieve high-precision, multi-function inverter.
⑧ Relevant supporting industries are moving towards industrialization and large-scale development, and the social division of labor will be more obvious. With the further deepening of technical research, domestic high-voltage converters can be compared with imported converters in theory and function, but due to the limitations of technology, the gap with imported products is still obvious. These conditions are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
① Major foreign products are stepping up their occupation of the domestic market and accelerating the pace of localization.
② The R & D capacity and industrialization scale are increasing year by year.
③ The power of domestic high-voltage inverter is also increasing. At present, the domestic application has achieved 20000KW.
④ The technical standards of domestic high-voltage inverter need to be standardized.
⑤ The industry supporting high-voltage inverter is very underdeveloped.
⑥ The production process is general, which can meet the technical requirements of frequency converter products, and the price is relatively low.
⑦ The key components of power semiconductors used in frequency converters are completely imported, and will be imported for a long time.
⑧ The technological gap with developed countries is narrowing, and products with independent intellectual property rights are being applied in the national economy.
⑨ A frequency converter has been developed with the functions of instantaneous power failure recovery and fault recovery.
⑩ Some manufacturers have developed high-voltage frequency converters with four quadrant operation. With the rapid development of modern power electronic technology and computer control technology, the technical revolution of electric drive has been promoted. AC speed regulation replaces DC speed regulation, and computer digital control replaces analog control has become a development trend. AC motor variable frequency speed regulation is a main means to save electric energy, improve production process, improve product quality, and improve the operating environment. Variable frequency speed regulation is recognized as a promising speed regulation mode at home and abroad because of its high speed, high power factor, excellent speed regulation and starting and braking performance.
The previous high-voltage inverter, which was composed of silicon controlled rectifier, silicon controlled inverter and other devices, had many shortcomings and large harmonics, which had an impact on the power grid and motor. Some new devices developed will change this situation, such as IGBT, IGCT, sgct and so on. The high-voltage inverter composed of them has excellent performance and can realize PWM inverter, even PWM rectifier. It not only has low harmonics, but also improves the power factor to a great extent.
Industry characteristics frequency converter is a kind of equipment that can make the motor run at variable speed and achieve energy-saving effect. Traditionally, the motor with rated voltage between 3KV and 10kV is called high-voltage motor. Therefore, the frequency converter developed for the motor running in the environment of 3KV to 10kV High voltage is generally called high-voltage frequency converter. Compared with low-voltage inverter, high-voltage inverter is suitable for variable-frequency speed regulation of high-power wind power and water pump, and can receive significant energy-saving effect.
With the increasing demand for energy conservation and environmental protection and the accelerated pace of equipment upgrading and transformation, China's high-voltage inverter industry has shown a steady growth trend. The market size increased from 1.1 billion yuan in 2005 to 6.3 billion yuan in 2011, with an annual compound growth rate of 35.4%; Its proportion in frequency converters also increased from 12.9% in 2006 to 22.8% in 2011. 2012