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NY20+ 艺术有瘾 Art Addict | 艺术家传记电影Vol.1 Film Biography

NY20+国际驻留 2022-02-17 17:28:03

作为生活在21世纪的当代人，当我们想到艺术，首先浮现的，是众多艺术作品的图像。我们对艺术产生的认识是从艺术作品图像而建立起的，随后再是艺术家。

在《艺术的故事》中，贡布里希在序言里写道：

“实际上没有艺术这种东西，

只有艺术家而已。”

在这一句听起来十分“新锐”的观点背后，他想要呼吁的是摆脱对艺术本身的审美，而是站在艺术家的角度去观看艺术。艺术独特的地方不在于作品本身十分独特，而是在艺术家的创作脉络下，所体现的他的人格和思维的独特。

因此在看到艺术作品的同时，我们需要看到艺术家作为一个人，他的生活——艺术家的创作来源。

When it comes to art, most of us in the 21stcentury associate it firstly with images of artworks. Our understandings of art begin with images of artworks rather than artists.

Sir E. H.Gombrich writes in the preface of his book The Story of Art:

“There really is no such a thing as Art.

There are only artists.”

What Gombrich wanted to appeal for with this seemingly aggressive viewpoint, is to get rid of aestheticappreciation of art itself, but to understand art from the perspective of artists since the uniqueness of an art work lies not in the work itself, but in the artist’s thoughts and personality during the creation process.

When appreciating artworks, we should also pay attention to artists and their lives-- the inspiration for their creations.

本次NY20+艺术有瘾就将向大家推荐知名艺术家的传记电影，让我们看到他们传世作品背后的各色人生（文末有资源）。

NY20+|Art Addictwill recommendsome biographical films of some famous artists to revealartists’lives behind their well-known works ( swipe to bottom for film resources ).

《弗里达》/ Frida - 2002

这是一部关于墨西哥艺术家Frida Kahlo生平的传记电影，电影以生活纪事对Frida的人格与艺术脉络进行了侧写，给观众还原了一个浪漫的墨西哥风情，与极具魄力的Frida Kahlo。

Frida: a biographical film about the life of the Mexican artist Frida Kahlo. With a strong Mexican flavor, the film shows Frida's personality and artistic ideas in on-the-spot report style, successfully rebuilding the glamorous Frida for the audience.

Frida以她作品强烈的生命力和张力为人们熟知，她对自身痛苦的超现实主义自传也格外深入人心。

这源自于Frida在18岁那年遭遇的一场足以改变她人生的车祸。车祸中一根铁扶手刺穿了Frida的身体，留下的重创伴随了她的后半生，也让她决定放弃从医，去探索艺术的魅力。

Frida is well known for her strong vitality and tensionin works. Her surrealistic autobiography depictingherown pain has also left deep impression onviewers.

It can be traced back to acar accident that changed her life when she was only 18. In the accident, an iron handrail pierced herbody, leaving a heavy wound that accompanied herfor the rest of herlife. Frida then decidedto give up medical profession andexplore the charm of art.

《Frida》剧照

Movie still in Frida

The Broken Column, 1944, Frida Kahlo（with the movie still）

The Dream (The Bed), 1940, Frida Kahlo

Frida同她的作品一样，对生活拥有十足的活力与激情，加之出众的才华，赋予了她传奇的人生。

与Diego Rivera的革命婚姻，与托洛斯基的暧昧,女同性恋情愫......对生活的激情，身体的病痛，这两股相对的力量在她的生命与作品里熠熠生辉。

After that, just like what her art works show us, Frida possessed full vitality and passion for life: therevolutionary marriage with Diego Rivera, flirtationwith Trosky, the lesbianlove... These experiences along with her outstanding talent made her life legendary.

We can feel her passion for life, herphysical pain-- two relative forces shining in her life and works.

Self Portrait with Cropped Hair, 1940,Frida Kahlo

（with the movie still）

《埃贡·席勒：死神与少女》

“Egon Schiele: Tod und Mädchen”

-2016

埃贡·席勒师从于克里姆特，作为维也纳分离派的一员，以他的肖像画而著称。维也纳分离派代表的是一群否定学院派艺术风格的艺术组织，他们的风格各异。作为一员的席勒也同样如此。

席勒笔下的人物肖像都拥有一种苍劲的美感，在坚硬的笔触下传达着脆弱的力量。

Egon Schiele studied under Klimt, one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Secession, an art movement that denies academic art styles. As aSecessionist, Egon Schiele is known for his portraits.

His portraitsdisplaya vigorous beautyand convey fragile strength under the hard strokes.

Self Portrait with Arm Twisting above Head, 1910

Self Portrait in a Jerkin with Right Elbow Raised, 1914

Self Portrait in Yellow Vest, 1914

Woman with Greyhound, 1916

Seated Woman in Underwear, 1917

Seated Woman with Bent Knee, 1917

传记电影《埃贡·席勒：死神与少女》是以席勒的名画《死神与少女》命名。画面中深情拥抱着的两位人物便是席勒与挚爱瓦莉（Wally）。这一副画是席勒在与瓦莉分手后的那一年所创作的，饱含着他对于瓦莉难以忘怀的深情。

The biographical film Egon Schiele: Tod und Mädchenis named afterSchiele’s famous painting Death and the Maiden. In this painting, the two characters who are embracing affectionatelyare Schiele and his beloved Wally.Itwas created the year after they broke up, showing Schiele’deep love for her.

Death and the Maiden, 1915(with the movie still)

因此，情感串起了整部电影的叙事线，讲述了席勒与四位女性的艺术与情感的纠葛，因为女性是席勒创作的主要灵感来源。

在席勒的笔下，女性是充满情欲的。这种情欲不单单是某一种单纯的欲望，是爱与性的欲望在空气中散发的奇妙化学反应。他能嗅到这个氤氲在空气中的情欲，然后从女性模特的姿势，细微的动作，外形的细节去捕捉。最终呈现的是充满骨感的，病态的形象，而这也让这份情欲充满更加孤注一掷的力量。

Therefore, emotion is the thread runing through Egon Schiele: Tod und Mädchen. The film tells about Schiller's love affairs with four women, as women are the main inspiration for Schiller's creation.

In Schiele's works, women are full of lust. This lust is not only simple desires, but also a chemical reaction of love and sexual desire. Hesmelt the lust in the air, and then captured itfrom female model's shapes, postures and subtle movements. His final works are bony, morbidimages full of desperate power.

Woman in Black Stockings, 1913 (with the movie still)

《毕加索的秘密》

“Le mystère Picasso”

-1956

如果说前文的两部电影是由艺术家文献资料改编翻拍而来，多少会存在杜撰的部分。而这一部则是关于毕加索的真实记录。

而这部影片与寻常的纪录片不同，作为电影，它揉合了导演的个人拍摄手法。本片的导演为悬疑大师亨利-乔治·克鲁佐（Henri-Georges Clouzot），他将镜头对准了毕加索的作画过程，让创作变得充满了悬念与戏剧性。

While the two films mentioned above are adapted from literature on artists, The Mystery of Picassois a true record.

But it is different from ordinary documentaries, it combines personal shooting techniques of the director, the suspense master Henri-Georges Clouzot. Focusing on Picassos’s painting process, Clouzot made the film suspenseful and dramatic.

我们可以直观的看到毕加索的作画过程，线条在游走，形象在变化。一束花变成一条鱼，再变成一只公鸡，最后通过墨水变成牧神，千变万化，扣人心弦。

We can see Picasso's ever-changing and fascinating painting process: the lines are wandering, the images are changing; A bunch of flowers turn into a fish, then into a rooster, and finally into a Faun through ink.

虽然我们能从这部电影里看到毕加索的创作，但是在电影过后，毕加索将拍摄过程中所画的20余幅画悉数毁弃。这也让这部影片变得格外的独特与珍贵。

However, Picasso destroyed all the more than 20 paintings he created in the filming process. So The Mystery of Picassobecame particularly unique and precious.

每一位艺术家背后貌似都有一个不一样的人生。但在人们的心中，貌似艺术家拥有某一种刻板式的人格模板。

在电影里、文献里我们可以看到他们的多彩人生，他们的创作来源，但是我们没有办法去了解艺术家作为一个人真实的样子。

而艺术的存在是因为人有审美的欲望，有从必要的生活中消遣的意识，进而衍生出创造的能力。

因此，每一个人都有成为艺术家的潜力，或者反过来说，每一位艺术家同样也都是普通人。

他们同样都在感受自己的生命，都有各自的人生课题。病痛，感情，理想......只是他们将复杂的人生书写在艺术作品之中，也正因如此作品才独具魅力。

Althoughartistshavedifferent lives, people tend to believe that theyhave a certain personality template.

However, we have no way to know what artistsare likeas we, ordinary people,can only see theircolorful lives and theinspirations for their creationthrough movies and literature.

Art exists because people have aesthetic desires and recreational needsin life, which derive the ability to create.

Therefore, everyone has the potential to become an artist, or conversely, every artist is also an ordinary person.

Just like us, artists are also living their lifewithissues, problems and emotions: illness, feelings, ideals... The only difference is that they record their lives into their works. It is precisely because of all these that their works are uniquely attractive.