【全浸英语书评】Unwell Women-女人身体健康程度，反映社会的文明梯度
全浸阅读=Total Immerse Dynamic eReading=TIDE
“Body Politics” Modern medicine still has much to learn about women’s bodies
Alongside her feminist history of illness, Elinor Cleghorn makes a plea for better listening Unwell Women.
By Elinor Cleghorn. Dutton; 400 pages; $28. Weidenfeld & Nicolson; £16.99
全浸导读：医学对女人的身体的了解还是不够，尤其在医生还是男多于女的时代，作者呼吁需要多一点倾听女性身体的声音和诉求...
p1 WHEN SERENA WILLIAMS struggled to breathe after giving birth in 2017, she knew something was wrong. She also suspected what it was. Six years earlier the tennis champion had endured a pulmonary embolism, or blood clot. But a nurse thought she was delirious from pain medication. Instead of the CT scan Ms Williams wanted, a doctor did a fruitless ultrasound. Eventually the scan was ordered—and revealed clots in the arteries of her lungs.
▷body politics
Body politics was first used in this sense in the 1970s, during the “second wave” of the feminist movement in the United States. It arose out of feminist politics and the abortion debates. Body politics originally involved the fight against objectification of the female body, and violence against women and girls, and the campaign for reproductive rights for women. “The personal is the political” became a slogan that captured the sense that domestic contests for equal rights in the home and within sexual relationships
▷make a plea for: an earnest appeal
▷pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞
▷blood clot: 血凝块
▷delirious: unable to think and speak in a sensible and reasonable
p1 the opening talks about the persoanl unwell/dangerous experience of a female sport celebrity to embark.
P2
In “Unwell Women”, Elinor Cleghorn shows that Ms Williams’s problem—not being listened to—is as old as medicine. The author began stitching together the history of women’s health after being diagnosed with lupus in 2010; her pain had been dismissed for seven years. The result combines her own story with a feminist history of illness and a plea for better listening. It shows how centuries of ignorance and condescension led to failings that endure today.
unwell women-unwell 虽说意思=not good，ill，unhealth，但统管一切的不愉悦，再放在women整个大范畴前面，这个panorama方式的用词，能让读者强烈同感，甚至感觉整个宇宙的female都不愉悦了.
▷not being listen to-is as old as medicine 这个比较，把女病人不被聆听的痛苦在人类医药史的时间轴上延伸到了无穷♾️
▷stitch together the history of women‘ health
既然女娲能补天，当然history也可以被stitch，sew，weave，spin，embroid，也可以延伸到历史之外，比如memory，imagination，illusion之类.
▷be diagnosed with-be identified or examined to get some kind of illness
▷lupus-狼疮
▷centuries of ignorance and condescension
回应上文的as old as medicine；ignorance-unawareness；condescension-an attitude of patronizing superiority; disdain
▷failings 导致unwell，the unwell of women endures[to continue at the same state] today
p1 the opening talks about the persoanl unwell/dangerous experience of a female sport celebrity to embark.
p2 is about: starting from Serena, the author raises a situation: women's problems are not well listened
p3
Sexism has underpinned medical practice since the time of Hippocrates, Ms Cleghorn writes. Ranging from classical civilisations to the present, with nods to feminist luminaries and ancient philosophy, her book describes how “hysteria”—from hystera, the Greek word for uterus—was long used as a blanket diagnosis for women. In the 1870s the concept became a reason to remove their ovaries. She recounts how 17th-century witch trials relied on doctors’ diagnoses, and how modern birth control was originally promoted by eugenicists in the 1920s.
▷underpin-support/substantiate
▷the time of Hippocrate-
Hippocrate-希波克拉底(约公元前460—前377,希腊医生,传统上被视为医学之父;由于一批古希腊医学著作[也许无一本是他的手笔]署有他的名字,医疗职业所用的希波克拉底誓言冠以他的名字)
再一次回应上文的centries of ignorance and condecension， as old as medicine；
▷with nods to- nod one‘s head to， recognize，acknowledge
▷feminist luminries-a female of prominence or brilliant achievement
▷uterus-wombs子宫
▷ovaries-卵巢
▷hyeteria
之前有关于hyeteria的一个语言规则only women could be said to be hysterical, since men were not possessed of wombs
*to understand or explain the surprising adherence of prominent physicians throughout the centuries to terms suggesting that the womb could move and cause suffocation, choking or difficulty in swallowing. Hippocratic writings on hysterical symptoms and the views of subsequent authors and contexts surrounding such views. Physicians who followed Hippocrates repeatedly related difficulties in breathing or choking and difficulties in swallowing to the uterus, although most recognized that the womb did not rise out of the pelvis, except partially, when enlarged by pregnancy.
* Edward Jorden (1603) regarded the women accused of witchcraft as having a medical condition called "suffocation of the mother" (mother as the uterus). He used the ancient doctrine of "sympathy" to suggest that the womb could affect organs such as the brain, heart and liver.
▷blanket diagnosis-在这里不是全身检查额意思，而是contribute to the same cause 一概而论
▷eugenicist-优生学家
p1 the opening talks about the persoanl unwell/dangerous experience of a female sport celebrity to embark.
p2 is about: starting from Serena, the author raises a situation: women's problems are not well listened
p3 is about: women have been treated wrongly since long long ago
p4
Within this panorama, the focus is on women’s health in Britain and America. In the early 20th century some travelled to Germany to try a new treatment called “Dämmerschlaf”, or “twilight sleep”, which promised “painless” births. Given two anaesthetics, morphine and scopolamine (a drug with amnesic effects), women lay awake in darkened rooms as their children were born, but would not remember the pain. The technique was controversial: labour was expected to be laborious, even though Queen Victoria had publicly endorsed the use of chloroform in 1853. She inhaled the gas for 53 minutes, pronouncing it “delightful beyond measure” after her eighth child was born. Women’s choices over where and how to give birth are interrogated and judged even now.
▷panorama-an unbroken wideview
对应词是后面跟的focus 全景vs焦点
▷anesthetic-drug that release pain
▷amnesic-loss of memories
▷morphine-吗啡
▷scopolamine-is a medication used in the treatment of motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting.
东莨菪碱
东莨菪碱是种生物碱，有麻醉镇痛的作用，多次使用会出现低血压的情况。东莨菪碱能抑制内分泌，如果药量过多会影响到生命安全。缉毒剧《破冰》中曾高频出现
▷chloroform-
氯仿，又称为三氯甲烷，无色透明液体，有特殊气味，俗称哥罗芳，探案剧中高频出现，特别是有女性受害者的案件。
So, examinations of the three victims whose bodies were recovered indicated that he chloroformed them.之前发现的三名受害者的尸检显示凶手用氯仿麻醉了他们。福尔摩斯基本演绎法第一季
▷inhale the gas-vs exhale
▷endorse-to approve or recommend openly
▷controversial-arousing conflicts
delightful beyond measure vs 标题的unwell，women‘s unwell can only be healed by those gas inhaled？不知作者是有心还是无意？
▷interrogate-inter+rog[ask]+ate动词后缀
p1 the opening talks about the persoanl unwell/dangerous experience of a female sport celebrity to embark.
p2 is about: starting from Serena, the author raises a situation: women's problems are not well listened
p3 is about: women have been treated wrongly since long long ago
P4 is about: even the most powerful woman is not an exception
p5
Childbirth was the focus of women’s health care for much of history, but medicine’s shortcomings, and Ms Cleghorn’s book, go wider. The immune system is another concern. Women are more prone to autoimmune diseases; they suffer disproportionately from illnesses such as lupus, multiple sclerosis and chronic fatigue syndrome. New research suggests this susceptibility could be down to the X chromosome—almost all biological females have two—which influences the production of auto-antibodies. Conversely, the chromosome may explain why women are less likely to suffer badly from viral infections such as covid-19, which kills more men.
go wider这一类的用词用句很值得学习. 英语是一个有坐标系的语言系统，除了正负对错等大的方向矢量，还有程度和层次规模的叠加，如果能善用这个体系，就能用最简单的词句表达最复杂的意思，比如这里的go wider，虽然是极简，却足以表达作者的意思，当然，她前面已经布好了unwell women的坐标系，时间上的as old as，视觉空间上的panorama和focus，地理位置上的British，America与German，还有women层面的两个big dots，一个是耀眼的体育明星Williams Serena，female luminaries，一个是Queen Vitoria，one of the most powerful women in the most civilized nation, 这两个女人，已经是centuries of ignorance and condescension 的极致例外，却依然unwell，一个被误诊，一个被非议.
在这样一个eatablished坐标系里面，这个时候只要用go wider就足以表示笔者对这本书的positive annedote了.go wider to where？ to female body strucuture，to gene difference.
▷be more prone to：incline to
prone-likely or liable to suffer from，susceptible
▷autoimmune disease-自身免疫性疾病
A healthy immune system defends the body against disease and infection. But if the immune system malfunctions, it mistakenly attacks healthy cells, tissues, and organs. Called autoimmune disease, these attacks can affect any part of the body, weakening bodily function and even turning life-threatening. Scientists know about more than 80 autoimmune diseases.
自身免疫性疾病是机体免疫系统功能异常导致机体攻击自身组织的疾病。
- 自身免疫病可以由多种方式诱发。
- 症状根据疾病不同以及受累器官而各异。
- 自身免疫病的存在常需要一些血液检查来确定。
- 自身免疫病应用抑制免疫系统活性的药物治疗。
免疫系统防御机体免受外来的或危险的物质侵袭。这些物质包括微生物、寄生虫、恶性肿瘤细胞以及移植的器官和组织。可以刺激免疫反应的物质被称为抗原。抗原是可以含于细胞内部或细胞（例如细菌或癌细胞）表面上或是病毒组成部分的分子。有些抗原，诸如花粉和食物分子，存在于自身。
p1 the opening talks about the persoanl unwell/dangerous experience of a female sport celebrity to embark.
p2 is about: starting from Serena, the author raises a situation: women's problems are not well listened
p3 is about: women have been treated wrongly since long long ago
p4 is about: even the most powerful woman is not an exception
p5 is about: unwell women deep root causes: down to X chromosomes
p6
As Ms Williams’s example shows, birth can still be botched and hazardous. “Unwell Women” calls for improvements in women’s care in reproduction and beyond. The pandemic has demonstrated what medicine can achieve with the right resources and incentives; it is an apt time to shine a light on the stubborn gaps in understanding of women’s bodies
▷botch-mess up， mismanage
▷hazardous-dangerous/unhealthy
▷reproduction and beyond
women are long retrained and labled by the purpose of "reproduction", 女人在很多国家和地区依然被认为是生育的工具。。。
▷it is an apt time-apt, meeting the requirement of a purpose or situation
it is the best of the time, it is the worse of time, it is an apt time to...
▷shine a light on the stubborn gaps 这里有一个"拟人", gaps可以是stubborn[adamant/bullheaded]的, uneasy to change的
p1 the opening talks about the persoanl unwell/dangerous experience of a female sport celebrity to embark.
p2 is about: starting from Serena, the author raises a situation: women's problems are not well listened
p3 is about: women have been treated wrongly since long long ago
p4 is about: even the most powerful woman is not an exception
p5 is about: unwell women deep root causes: down to X chromosomes
p6 is about: make a plea for better listening
sum up： body politics是一个深远的话题，绵延千古而将后继光年，而“hysteria”这一个词，就已经浓缩了body politics的全部神髓。
Throughout the years, people in power have used “hysteria” to denigrate women’s bodies, propagate stigma against mental illness, and dismiss the perspectives of those who might challenge the status quo.
♔Take away Today
▷关于unwell woman的认知以及相关表达，特别是hyeteria, it is all from an organ, but it is far beyond an organ
▷reproduction beyond 一个值得当世女性pondering的question
▷how to write a book review
start from celebrities-raise attention-expand to wider range-look back to history-dig the root cause-find out some exceptions-go wider-make a plea
这是本文的基本路径，可以尝试遵循
