未来之城 | 矿井的人性化
该项目由 Danae Anastasia Vasilopoulou & Nataliya Petreykova 设计，试图将景观干预和可持续的生活机制结合起来。
生活在全球计算、算法治理、云平台、智慧城市和自动化的时代，我们希望在我们的案例场景中实现所有这些属性。未来之城的目标不仅是进步，而且是为前几代人的问题提供答案。这些问题与景观创伤、恶劣的天气条件、有限的资源和缺乏可达性有关。我们正在处理的城市是米尔尼，位于俄罗斯联邦雅库特(萨哈)共和国的西部。1957年至2017年，Mir矿是世界上最重要的钻石开采行业之一。在此期间，矿井直径增加到1200米和525米深。以及该市的人口飙升至35223人(2018年)。目前，该矿已不再开采，利用这一空间的问题迫在眉睫。一个矿山复垦的方案已经由建筑署«生态城市2020»提出，努力解决对景观的破坏，同时也试图解决上面提到的问题。考虑到这些事实，我们试图从社会、环境、地缘政治和进化的角度重新思考一个巨型结构城市。考虑到我们正在处理的乌托邦场景的规模，它积累了与能源生产、农业和城市基础设施相关的所有最新技术元素。一个非常重要的因素是规模的分化。一个尺度与人类活动(地表层面)相关，另一个尺度与人工智能和机器学习支持的非人类活动(地下工业层面)相关。该项目试图将景观干预和可持续的生活机制结合起来。
Living in the age of global computation, algorithmic governance, cloud platforms, smart cities and automatisation we wanted to implement all those attributes in the our case scenario. The city of future aims not only to become progressive but also to give the answer to the previous generations problems. The issues are related with landscape trauma, harsh weather conditions, limited resources and lack of accessibility. The city that we are dealing with is Mirny, situated in the western part of Yakutia (Sakha) Republic in Russian Federation. Between 1957 till 2017 Mir mine was one of the most significant mining diamond industries in the world. During this period the mine diameter increased into 1200 meters and 525 meters depth. As well as the population of the city that skyrocket to 35 223 people (2018). Currently, the mine is not longer active and the question of using this space is urgent. A proposal for the reclamation of the mine has already been made by architectural bureau «AB ELIS» called «Ecocity 2020», endeavouring to solve the landscape injury and at the same moment trying to solve the problems mentioned upper. Taking into consideration all the facts we are trying to rethink a megastructure city from the social, environmental, geopolitical and evolutional point of view. Considering the scale we are dealing with the utopian scenario that is accumulating all the latest technological elements related to energy production, agriculture and infrastructure of the city. A very significant factor is the differentiation of scale. One scale is related to the human activity (surface level) another to non-human activity (underground industrial level) supported by the artificial intelligence and machine learning. The project attempts to combine a landscape intervention and a sustainable mechanism of living.
从识别人类本性创伤景观开始，人们的兴趣转向了后采矿景观。露天矿具有30-50年的使用寿命，在60年代左右首次大规模出现。因此，在00年代，大部分露天矿已经不再活动，所以提出的挑战性问题是，这些巨大的人工地貌如何能重新活跃起来。
Starting from identifying human nature traumatised landscapes the pole of interest shifted towards post-mining landscapes. Open-pit mines have a certain life span of 30-50 years, and their massive appearance was first noticed around 60s. Thus, during the 00s a majority of open pit mines have become inactive, so the raised challenging question is how these gigantic artificial landforms can be active again.
该项目处理的是环境和社会问题。土地滥用和采矿过程造成的污染，以及在煤矿旁边开发的为工人提供住宿的“卫星”城市的废弃模式，是本项目阐述的重要问题。该项目的主要尝试，是治愈创伤的景观，但同时振兴那些最终消失的城市。这可以通过引入与可持续自主方法有关的新功能来实现，从社会的角度来看，“卫星”城市可以在没有活动的矿井的情况下仍然具有活力和生产力。
The project is dealing with environmental and social issues. Land abuse in combination with pollution due to the mining process, associated to the abandoned model of the ‘‘satellite’’ city developed next to the mine providing accommodation to the workers, are the significant issues elaborated through this project. The main attempt of the project, is to heal the traumatised landscape but at the same moment to revitalise those eventually ghosted cities. This could be achieved by introducing new functions related to sustainable-autonomous approach and to a social point of view, the ‘‘satellite’’ city can still be alive and productive without the presence of the active pit mine.
米尔尼位于西伯利亚，因此，为矿山和城市提取信息的唯一途径是纪录片、地图、在线信息以及米尔尼居民的在线团体。此外，参观意大利Carrara采石场(矿山类型)是一种模拟，以感知矿山的规模、景观和氛围。
Mirny is located in Siberia, consequently the only way to extract information for the mine and the city was documentaries, maps, on line information and as well as online groups of the residents of the Mirny. Moreover, visiting Carrara quarry (typology of mine) in Italy was a simulation for perceiving the scale, the landscape and the atmosphere of a mine.
研究部分揭示了该项目的新概念，如“连接性”、“自主性”和“适应性”。Minry的孤立是导致我们发展交通网络以及粮食和水供应自给自足技术的一个关键因素。此外，恶劣的气候条件引发了新方法的发明，以调整巨型结构和人体以适应低温。(yourt和施工细节)。
The research part revealed new notions into the project such as ‘‘connectivity’’, ‘‘autonomy’’ and ‘‘adaptability’’. Minry’s isolation is a crucial point that led us to developing transport network, as well as techniques for being self-sufficient in food and water supplies. Moreover harsh climatic conditions, triggered to invent new methodologies in order to adjust the megastructure and the human body to cold temperatures. (yourt and construction details).
受到乌托邦建筑的启发，能够创造场景、预测和勇敢的姿态，再加上巨大的Mirny矿井规模，巨型建筑的想法是显而易见的。此外，巨型结构的概念表明有机体准备接受新的元素，以便被重新转化，重新焕发活力，总是努力应付当前的条件。米尔尼敦促这种必要性，重新改造成一个新的景观，一个新的城市的力量。
Being inspired by utopian architecture, able to create scenarios, predictions and courageous gestures, together with enormous Mirny mine scale, the idea of a megastructure was evident. Moreover the idea of a megastructure discloses an organism ready to receive new elements in order to be re-transformed, re-vitalised, always endeavouring to cope with the current conditions. Mirny urges this necessity, the power of re-transforming into a new landscape, into a new city.
米尔尼矿是城市中少数几个矿的例子之一，因此城市景观已经成为一个可怕的日常场景。正常(城市)和异常(矿山)之间的偶极子是获得这两个元素之间平衡的重要推测之一。创建一个地下巨型结构填满了矿井的空洞，使地表变平，试图使地面恢复到最初的状态。这个手势具有象征意义，通过覆盖地雷，创伤可以“愈合”。
Mirny Mine is one of the few examples of mines located by the city, therefore the urban landscape has become an eerie everyday scene. This dipole between normality (city) and abnormality (mine) was one of the substantial speculations for obtaining balance between those two elements. Creating an underground megastructure fills the void of the mine and flattens the surface attempting to return the ground to its initial state. This gesture is symbolic, by covering the the mine the trauma can be ‘‘healed’’.
总的来说，该地区的景观是在恶劣的气候条件下形成的，导致了地球表面裂缝的发展。我们决定将这个独特的图案解释为“斑块”的表面——新城的上部。这个概念上的手势可以增加一种连贯性和舒适感，如果我们可以在这个例子中谈论舒适感的话。
一方面，在技术方面，我们想让这个项目尽可能现代化。另一方面，考虑雅库特遗产的所有特征。这种连接现代与传统的尝试，促进了技术元素的创造。例如，“balagan”或“yourt”结构，游牧民族在这个地区传统上用作房屋，放置在柱子上，变成了一种黄色的柔性织物。在严冬，它可以覆盖整个庭院，保护人们不受风雪的侵袭。在庭院的中央有一个壁炉，你也可以在传统的雅库田房屋中找到它。这些关联使得这个项目既现代又过时。
In general the landscape of the region was formed under the harsh climatic conditions that led to the development of cracks in Earth’s surface. We decided to interpret this peculiar pattern as the surface of the “patch” – upper part of the new city. This conceptual gesture could add a sense of coherence and comfort, if we can talk about comfort in this case.
On the one hand in terms of technology we wanted to make the project as modern as possible. On the other – take into account all the features of the yakutian heritage. This trial to link modern and traditional prompted the creation of technological elements. For example the “balagan” or “yourt” structures that nomads traditionally use in this area as a house placed on the pillars became a yellow flexible fabric. During severe winter it is able to cover the whole courtyard and protect people from the snow or strong winds. In the middle of the courtyard there is a hearth, that you can also find it in the traditional yakutian houses. These correlations make the project modern and old-fashioned at the same time.
主要的工具是保持在上下文中。但到了一定程度，就没有必要太过敏感了。我们所面临的地雷和采石场问题需要决心和强硬的姿态。Mirny矿井是许多能够得到“建筑答案”的“伤口”之一。其他像美国的Kennecott Bingham Canyon矿或澳大利亚的Super Pit金矿因为太大而无法接近它，而且它的规模每天都在增大。
相关性，对上下文和网站知识的关注。没有适当的研究，答案永远是不够的。
The main tool is to stay in the context. But after a certain point there is no need to be delicate. The problem that we are facing with the mines and quarries requires determination and a strong gesture. The Mirny mine is one of many “wounds” that are able to receive an “architectural answer”. Others like Kennecott Bingham Canyon Mine in the USA or Super Pit gold mine in Australia are too big to approach it and it’s sizes are getting bigger every day.
Relevance, attention to the context and knowledge of the site. The answer will never be adequate without a proper research.
Photography is by Danae Anastasia Vasilopoulou & Nataliya Petreykova.
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Project credits:
Design: Humanisation of the Mine
Team: Politecnico di Milano
Reference: Mine in Mirny by TDanae Anastasia Vasilopoulou & Nataliya Petreykova.[online] KooZA/rch.
