乐理笔记01 - Rhythm
整理一些基本概念，有时间我再回来中英对照翻译一下。
1. Rhythm: The dimension of time, which is the duration of sounds or silences. This organization of sound in time is called rhythm.
2. Pulse note: Any note may be used to represent the beat; we sometimes call this note the pulse note.
3. Stem: see below pic.
4. Note head: see below picture.
5. Flag: see below pic. Additional flags may be added to note heads. The direction of the stem is determined by the placement of the note on the staff, regardless of the clef.
6. Beam: Several adjacent eighth or sixteenth notes frequently are linked together with thick, straight lines called beams.
7. Tempo: Tempo is the rate of speed of the beat.
Allegro: Allegro (happy or cheerful in Italian) is used for a fast tempo
Moderato: Moderato means medium speed.
Andante: Adagio is used for a slow tempo.
8. Rhythmic values: Rhythmic values are the duration of pitches.
Whole note:
Half note: half of the whole note
Quarter note: ¼ of the whole note
Eighth note: 1/8 of the whole note
Sixteenth note: 1/16 of the whole note
9. Measure: grouping of beats.
10. Time signature: The time signature indicates the recurrent grouping of accented and unaccented beats.
11. Bar line Vertical lines called placed at the end of each grouping of beats and separate the groups into measures.
12. Meter: Meter refers to the stresses of strong and weak beats.
Simple meter: When the top number of the time signature is a 2, 3, or 4, this is called simple meter. In simple meter, the pulse note is divided into two or four equal parts.
Duple:
Triple:
Quadruple:
13. Metric accent: The repeating pattern of strong beats followed by weaker beats is called the metric accent.
14. Motive: A motive is a short musical idea consisting of a melodic contour in a particular rhythmic pattern.
15. Phrase: A phrase is the musical equivalent of a sentence, usually between four and eight measures long.
16. Conducting patterns: Conducting patterns can help to demonstrate meter.
17. Upbeat: Notice that the strong beat (beat one) is always a downward motion, also known as the downbeat.
18. Downbeat: The last beat of each pattern is always an upward motion, also known as the upbeat.
