纽约时报——意大利以时尚和美食闻名，但还有什么其他的出口项目能对这个地中海经济做出贡献呢?
Italy is famous forfashion and food, but what other exports contribute to this Mediterraneaneconomy?
意大利以时尚和美食闻名，但还有什么其他的出口项目能对这个地中海经济做出贡献呢?
Twomodels on the catwalk wear a red tulle plunge-v neck asymetrical dress, pairedwith high-heeled shoes at a fashion show to present creations of designerGiambattista Valli and fast-fashion giant H&M in Rome, Italy October 24,2019. REUTERS/Remo Casilli
2019年10月24日，两名模特在意大利罗马的时装秀上穿着红色薄纱v领连衣裙，搭配高跟鞋，展示设计师GiambattistaValli和快时尚巨头H&M的作品。路透/雷莫Casilli Though generally better known for its high-quality fashion and fine cuisine,Italy exports a diverse array of products, with leather boots and Tuscan redsrepresenting just a fraction of total export revenue.
尽管意大利以其高端时尚设计和精致的美食而闻名，但它出口的产品种类繁多，皮靴和托斯卡纳红酒仅占其出口总收入的一小部分。
Italy has one of the largest exportmarkets not only in Europe but around the world.
意大利不仅是欧洲最大的出口市场，也是全世界最大的出口市场之一。
Its tourism sector makes up a considerableportion of GDP, but many of its other industries have been developing forcenturies and during this time have given the country a formidablemanufacturing sector.
意大利的旅游业在国内生产总值中占相当大的比例，但其他的行业已经发展了几个世纪，在这段时间里，让这个国家有了一个强大的制造业作为后盾。
MIT's Observatory of EconomicComplexityranks Italy's export market atnumber seven worldwide, with a value of more than USD480 billion. The countryexports more than 550 different products, which find their way all round theworld, with Germany, France, and the US among the top export destinations.
麻省理工学院(MIT)的经济复杂性研究中心(Observatory of Economic Complexity)将意大利的出口总量排在全球第七，出口额超过4800亿美元。意大利每年出口超过550种不同的商品，销往全球各地，其中，德国、法国和美国是其主要的出口地。
Below are Italy's top five exports,categorized by sector and ranked by total export value.
以下是意大利按行业和出口总值分类的前五大出口商品。
1.Machinery
机械
Machinery manufacturing in Italy hassurged over the last decade, and the country's machine exports have much to dowith its position as the seventh largest exporter in the world. This exportmarket, worth more than USD120 billion in 2017, accounts for approximately 25%of all Italian exports.
在过去的十年里，意大利机械制造业迅猛发展，该国的机械出口量位居全球第七，与这有很大关系。2017年，这一出口市场价值超过1200亿美元，约占意大利出口总额的25%。
Among the leaders in machine manufacturingin Italy are the Sacmi Group and Pietro Carnaghi, but a prevalence of SMEsbuilding specialized parts means Italy has some 41,000 companies working in thesector.
意大利机械制造的龙头企业有Sacmi Group和PietroCarnaghi，但从事建筑行业的还有很多中小企业，意大利总共约有4.1万家相关企业。
The country produces everything fromvalves and refrigerators to centrifuges and forklifts.
产品多种多样，从阀门、冰箱到离心机和叉车，应有尽有。
2.Chemical products
化工产品
In recent years, the share of chemicalproducts has taken up a greater portion of Italy's export markets, largely dueto the country's budding pharmaceutical industry.
近年来，化工产品在意大利出口市场中占据了更大的份额，这主要是因为意大利刚刚起步的制药行业。
Packaged medicines represent not only thelargest chemical export in the country, at nearly two-fifths, but the largestof any type. In 2017, these pharmaceutical products accounted for approximately4.5% of all Italy's exports, bringing in nearly USD22 billion.
药品不仅是意大利最大的化工产品出口项目，占总额的近五分之二，以为是所有产品中出口量最多的。2017年，光这一项目的出口就占意大利出口总额的4.5%左右，创收近220亿美元。
Italy is Europe's third largest chemicalproducer, with more than 3,000 companies belonging to the sector and more than172,000 employees. Italy's chemical industry has a healthy presence of localSMEs that focus mainly on niche or specialty products.
意大利是欧洲第三大化工生产国，拥有3000多家化工企业和近17.2万名员工。意大利的化工行业中有许多当地的中小型企业，它们主要专注于小众产品或特殊产品。
SMEs make up close to 40% of allproduction, the same as foreign companies present in the Italian market. Mediumto large firms make up 24% of local production.
中小型企业的产量占到了总产量的近40%，与意大利市场上的外国企业一样。大中型企业占当地产品总量的24%。
The pharmaceutical sector is Italy's onlymanufacturing industry that, as of 2017, had returned to pre-2008 financialcrisis levels.
截至2017年，制药行业是意大利唯一一个恢复到2008年金融危机前水平的制造业。
The country is also among worldwideleaders in R&D for the pharmaceutical sector, spending five times more thanthe global average.
意大利的制药行业在研发投入方面也处于全球领先地位，研发项目的支出能达到全球平均水平的5倍以上。
3.Transportation
交通运输业
The transportation industrial segmentaccounted for 11% of all Italian exports in 2017, or a value of just over USD55billion.
2017年，交通运输业领域的出口量占意大利出口总额的11%，出口总额共550多亿美元。
Dominant exports in this segment are cars,automotive products, and delivery trucks.
这一领域主要出口的是汽车，汽车相关产品和运货的货车。
The country manufactures a significantnumber of passenger and cargo ships, aircraft parts, and planes.
意大利大量生产客船和货船、飞机和飞机零部件。
Italian automotive brands are knownthroughout the world, and the industry is one of Italy's largest employers.
意大利的汽车品牌在全世界都很出名，而且在这里领域的公司数量是意大利最多的。
Following pharmaceutical products, carsrepresented the second most exported item in 2017 and accounted for one-thirdof the entire transportation segment.
2017年，汽车是仅次于药品的第二大出口商品，占整个运输领域的三分之一。
While Alfa Romeo, Fiat, and Ferrari may beamong the country's most well-known manufacturers, the entire industry consistsof more than 5,700 companies.
汽车行业的龙头企业有阿尔法•罗密欧、菲亚特和法拉利，在这一行业总共有超过5700家公司。
4.Metal
金属制品
Italy's metallurgical industry has been ona rebound since 2016, thanks to an increase in construction worldwide, as wellas new EU import duties from China.
自2016年以来，由于全球建筑业的增长，以及欧盟对中国征收新的进口关税，意大利的冶金行业出现了反弹。
Despite the recent controversy surroundingArcelor Mittal and the ILVA deal, Italy remains a top exporter of steel.
尽管最近围绕阿塞洛-米塔尔(Arcelor Mittal)和ILVA交易存在争议，但意大利仍是全球最大的钢铁出口国。
As the seventh largest steel exporter inthe world, Italian steel production has risen by 3.4% in 1H2018, following a2.9% increase in 2017, according to theWorld Steel Organization.
根据世界钢铁组织的数据，作为世界第七大钢铁出口国，意大利钢铁产量继2017年增长2.9%之后，在2018年1月增长了3.4%。
Steel exports overall have jumped 42%since 2009.
自2009年以来，钢铁出口总体增长了42%。
The steel industry dominates metalsproduction in Italy, though aluminium and copper account for a decent share ofexports as well. The industry is divided among a number of SMEs, with a fewmajor players also active.
在意大利，钢铁行业主导着金属生产，尽管铝和铜在出口中也占有相当大的份额。该行业也有若干中小企业，其中一些核心企业相当活跃。
5.Textiles
纺织品
Italian clothes are valued around theworld, and textiles are Italy's fifth largest export. In 2017, the segmentaccounted for 6.3% of all exports, or just over USD30 billion. Suits, sweaters,coats, and shirts are among the country's most popular textile exports, buteven products like tents, yarn, and silkworm cocoons support this strong exportindustry.
意大利的服装在全世界都很有名，纺织品是意大利第五大出口商品。2017年，纺织品的出口量占国内商品出口总量的6.3%，出口总额300多亿美元。西装、毛衣、外套和衬衫等是意大利最受欢迎的出口产品，但还有甚至像帐篷、纱线和蚕茧这样的产品也占有很大的份额。
Italy's textile industry plays animportant role in the fashion industry both locally and internationally.
意大利的纺织业在当地和国际时装业中都扮演着重要的角色。
While the industry has made some recoverysince the 2008 financial crisis, it now battles the likes of other majortextile manufactures, especially Turkey, for the export market.
尽管该行业自2008年金融危机以来有所复苏，但它目前正与其他主要纺织品生产国(尤其是土耳其)争夺出口市场。
The industry's trade surplus in 2017 wasestimated to be worth EUR2.3 billion, equating to a positive surplus of over25%.
2017年，该行业的贸易顺差估计为23亿欧元，相当于超过25%的正顺差。
While Italian textiles are exported aroundthe world, Asian markets are rapidly on the rise, with exports to China andHong Kong both increasing by 12.4% in 2017.
在意大利纺织品出口到世界各地的同时，在亚洲市场的出口量也在快速增长，2017年对中国和香港的出口均增长了12.4%。
