《企鹅经典：小黑书》的正确打开方法
《企鹅经典：小黑书》是一套汇集传世之作的小册子，中文版更是主打翻译名家、译者匠心。所以决心每册都中英文对照着做精读，不辜负这套经典。
读第一册薄伽丘的时候就有一些翻译上的不解，第一个故事还好，第二个故事Ricciardo da Chinzica loses his wife（原著中第二天第十则故事）时有些地方就有些费解了。
企鹅兰登出版社在推广这套书时提到，英文版买的版权，中文部分是找的翻译大家从原著而非英文版直接翻译，因此不建议阅读时中英文逐字句的对照。
这反倒说明，中英文翻译上的不同能够体现中西方译者对于原著的理解、处理上的不同，更引起了对双方翻译进行考据的兴趣。
于是找了《十日谈》的几个不同版本，对费解之处进行了对比，以求解惑。
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以下为几个疑惑之处：
故事二：英文P22、中文P21
小黑书英文版：
No doubt assuming that the breaks from court-work he enjoyed from time to time applied just as much to women in bed.
小黑书中文版：
他觉得，对待同床的女人，就像应对法律案件，没什么不同。
McWilliam:
Thinking perhaps, that it was as convenient for men to refraine from their wives conversation, as he did often time from sitting in the Court.
John Payne:
conceiving belike that it behoved to keep holiday with women in bed like as he did bytimes whilst pleading in the courts of civil law.
方平：
他还道对付他枕畔的女人，就像办理法院里的案子一样，压一压，搁一搁是没有什么要紧的呢。
王永年：
仿佛同女人的床弟之事像民事诉讼一样，能推则推，能拖则拖。
个人理解： 中英文翻译分为“经常和女人一起在床弟度过假期”和“跟女人的床弟之事能推则推，能拖则拖”两个方向。参考上下文，应为后一种翻译。 相对而言，小黑书的中文翻译只是说“对待同床女跟应对法律案件没什么不同”，使这句话缺少意义。
故事二：英文P23、中文P23
小黑书英文版：
He had long ago thrown away saints' calendars and forgotten all about feast-days and holidays. That night he consoled her with some action, on the grounds that words had not helped much during the day. His consolations were so effective that the judge and his rules had gone entirely out of her head before they reached Monaco.
小黑书中文版：
夜幕降临，他解开了她的腰带。那本历书刚好从腰带上掉了下来，与此同时，每一个节日和休假日都从她的脑海中消失了。帕伽尼诺觉得实际行动比话语有效，就一直用行动安慰她。就这样，还没到摩纳哥，巴尔托洛梅娅就把法官和他的规定忘得一干二净，和帕伽尼诺过上了天下最快活的日子。
McWilliam:
but when night came, her husbands Kalender falling from her girdle, and all the fasts and feasts quite out of her remembrance, she received such courtesies from Pagamino, that before they could arrive at Monaco, the Judge and his Law cases were almost out of memory.
John Payne:
he studied to comfort her with soft words till nightfall, when, his calendar having dropped from his girdle and saints' days and holidays gone clean out of his head, he fell to comforting her with deeds, himseeming that words had availed little by day; and after such fashion did he console her that, ere they came to Monaco, the judge and his ordinances had altogether escaped her mind.
方平：
直到天晚了，他开始用行动来安慰她——反正他不是那种按照历本行事的人，他才不理会什么圣徒的节日、安息日的假日呢（脚注：从麦克威廉译本。潘译本、里格译本稍觉费解（可能是直译）；“直到天晚了，历本从他的腰带里掉了下来，什么圣徒的节日、安息的假日在他的脑海里忘个一干二净。”）——这一下，可不比日间那些空话，马上见效了；他们还没到达摩纳哥，她早就把她的亲丈夫和他那一套规矩忘个干干净净，只觉得跟帕加尼奴同住在一起，如鱼得水，好不快乐。
王永年：
到了晚上，帕加尼诺没有历书的包袱，根本不管斋戒不斋戒，认为空话无益，开始用实际行动安慰那妙龄女子。由于帕加尼诺的手段高明，还没有回到摩纳哥，她已服服贴贴，把法官和他那套清规戒律统统抛在脑后，高高兴兴地和帕加尼诺共同生活。
个人理解： 两种翻译主要的不同在于，到底有没有一个实际的历书掉到地上？从方平的脚注可知，原文是有“历书从腰带掉到地上”的字句，这可能为薄伽丘的一种比喻，如果直译肯定费解。 六版翻译上，方平、王永年、小黑书英文版、McWilliam（方平用的此版）的译法是一致的，其中McWilliam的翻译将“历书从腰带掉落”做了比喻的处理，小黑书英文版，将grounds放入on the grounds短语中，和原文字眼做了关联；而John Payne翻成历书从Pagamino的腰带掉落、小黑书中文版译成从女主腰带掉落，均有误。
故事二：英文P29、中文P28
小黑书英文版：
If my sin's a mortar one, I'll stay stuck in it like a pestle.
小黑书中文版：
如果我现在是个罪恶的‘臼’，那您就是个没用的‘捣槌’。
McWilliam:
And whereas you taxe me, that I cannot live here without capitall sin; farre is the thought there of from me;
John Payne:
If I am herein mortar sin, I shall abide though it be in pestle sin.(footnote: a trifling jingle upon the similarity in sound of the words mortar(mortal), mortaio(mortar), pestello(pestle), and pestilente(pestilential). The same word-play occurs at least once more in the Decameron.)
方平：
要是我在这里犯了“不可救赎的”罪恶，那么我和一根不中用的“杵”守在一起也好不了多少（从阿尔亭顿译本。潘译本作“要是我犯了‘臼’的罪，那又有什么呢？即使叫我承担着‘杵’罪，我也情愿”下注：“臼”谐“不可救赎的”；“杵”谐“毒疫的”。里格译本注道：“这是不足道的文字游戏”）
王永年：
如果说我留在这里不合妇道，我跟你回去更不近人情，于人于己都是造孽。
个人理解： mortar-臼 pestle-捣槌 如John Payne & 方平脚注所言，mortar, pestle，实为薄伽丘使用的一种谐音梗，并且这种用法在《十日谈》中出现不止一次。 六版翻译上，小黑书英文版与John Payne的翻译基本一致；小黑书中文版与方平版差不多；McWilliam和王永年都将原文按自己的理解做了改写。考虑到薄伽丘喜爱的黄段子写法，个人觉得小黑书英文版与John Payne直用臼、捣槌的翻译更好一些（更具视觉形象）。
故事二：英文P30、中文P29
小黑书英文版：
A horrid hole hates a holy day.
小黑书中文版：
坏人是不过节的
McWilliam:（not found）
John Payne:
The ill hole will have no holidays(footnote: ill hole, Il mal foro, a woman's commodity(Florio);i.e. Cunnus nonvult feriari. Some commentators propose to read il mal furo, the ill thief, supposing Ricciardo to allude to Paganino, but this seems farfetched.)
方平：
那强盗窝里是不守什么安息日的
王永年：
那个鬼地方没有安息日
个人理解： McWilliam没有找到此句，根据John Payne的脚注，将Il mal foro意指坏人、坏人窝巢的是有些过度解读了；王永年译为“鬼地方”，有双关意味，比小黑书英文版及John Payne的翻译更有意味（也许是中文读者读中文的原因）。
故事三：英文P35，中文P34
小黑书英文版：
Do you think you can treat me the way you treated Nell the Belle, who was left with just a big bass tum to play with? You're not going to do the same to me, by God. She ended up on the game because of you.
小黑书中文版：
您还想用对待毕廖扎的方式对待我，让我所有的期待都落空，然后灰溜溜地离开吗？毕廖扎因为这件事，还沦落成了妓女。我对天发誓，我是不会让您得逞的。
McWilliam:
Doe you thinke to use me, as poore Billezza was, who trusted to as faire words, and found her selfe deceived? Now Sir Simon, her example in being made scandall to the world, is a sufficient warning for me
John Payne:
Think you to do with me as you did with Biliuzza, who went off with the ghittern-player?(footnote: Se n'andò col ceteratojo; a proverbial expression of similar meaning to our "was whistled down the wind," i.e. was lightly dismissed without provision, like a cast-off hawk.) Cock's faith, then, you shall not, for that she is turned a common drab only for that.
方平：
你以为我也像琵莉莎那样容易骗上手，过后就给你白白地一脚踢开吗？我的天哪，这样看来，她比一个妓女都不如。
王永年：
你把我当成是戏曲里到头来落得一场空的比柳莎吗？别做梦啦，她由于轻信才当了婊子。
个人理解： 三个疑问： 1)Billezza到底得到了什么？小黑书英文版和John Payne的翻译都与某种乐器相关，其它翻译则译为一无所得、期望落空。根据John的脚注，原文Se n'andò col ceteratojo的意思近似于英文的谚语was whistled down the wind=to leave or abandon one. 也就是Billezza一无所获并被抛弃。所以对于小黑书英文版的翻译不能理解为Billezza最后得了一个低音tum。 2）Billezza最后成妓女了么？中文翻译均用到妓女、婊子一词，John的翻译中也用到了drab（嫖妓）一词，而英文版与McWilliam则处理的比较委婉，使用的是end up, scandall这类的词眼。但从John的用法上可以看到，只是将Billezza的做法比作妓女，方平及王永年也是此意。小黑书中文版译成Biiezza沦落成了妓女疑为不准确。 3）Billezza到底是否存在？按王永年的翻译Billezza当为戏曲中的人物，而根据其它几版翻译这桩丑事当是发生在Billezza与神父间的，因此应为该教区人物，王永年的翻译疑为不准确。
故事四：英文P46，中文P46
小黑书英文版：
If he hadn't seen her visceral attachment to the children as long as she had his approval, he would have thought she was glad to see the back of them, but he knew that there was sense and wisdom in her.
小黑书中文版：
如果不是亲眼看到格里塞尔达与自己一样疼爱孩子的话，他还以为妻子根本没把孩子放在心上呢。而格里塞尔达也很聪明，让丈夫看出了自己对孩子的爱。
McWilliam:
And were it not for his heedfull observation, how loving and carefull she was of her children, prizing them as dearely as her owne life: rash opinion might has perswaded him, that she had no more in her, then a carnall affection, not caring how many she had, so shee might thus easily be rid of them; but he knew her to be a truely vertuous mother, and wisely liable to endure his severest impositions.
John Payne:
and had he not seen her tender her children with the utmost fondness, what while it pleased him, he had believed that she did this because she recked no more of them; whereas in effect he knew that she did it of her discretion.
方平：
要不是他亲眼看见她百般疼爱儿女，他一定要以为她不把儿女放在心上呢；其实她所以能做到这般地步，并非另有缘故，完全是为了顺从他的心意。
王永年：
他知道格里塞尔达这样做是明智的，但若不是以前见她对子女疼爱无比，还以为她漠不关心呢。
个人理解：
如果仅看小黑书中文版，可能会感觉Grizelda是个很阴冷的心机婊，故意让丈夫看到自己对孩子的爱。对比其他五个版本，讲的都是Grizelda诚心诚意爱孩子，只是为了顺从丈夫而放弃了孩子，而这一点“被Gualtieti认为是明智”。
英文版的翻译前后逻辑不能自洽，更让人费解。
所以：
Q：《企鹅经典：小黑书》的正确打开方式到底是什么？
A：中英文版对照做精读，遇到相互矛盾或令人费解之处可以多找几版译文做对比。
以上。
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死理性派 转发了这篇日记 2020-06-23 05:54:29
