为SCI论文降重发愁的小伙伴有救了

听说最近又有一些小伙伴因为重复率太高被拒稿了~看来降重工作真的是任重而道远！

先了解一下最常见的两个查重系统吧。

• CrossCheck

CrossCheck由CrossRef推出，它的软件技术来自于iParadigms公司的iThenticate。所以，我们在谈到查重软件时，iThenticate和CrossCheck其实是一回事。

iThenticate/CrossCheck的功能由两部分组成：一个是基于全球学术出版物所组成的庞大数据库(CrossRef)，一个是基于网页的比对工具(iThenticate)。

• Turnitin

Turnitin分为Turnitin国际版和Turnitin UK版。TurnitinUK是专为UK大学开发的，90%以上的UK大学都是使用TurnitinUK系统，而美国、加拿大、澳洲、美洲、亚洲、欧洲（除英国外）、非洲等世界上126个国家的学校都是使用Turnitin国际版来检测。

• CrossCheck vs Turnitin

iThenticate/CrossCheck和Turnitin还有些联系哦，iThenticate和Turnitin都是由美国iParadigms公司开发的。

"CrossCheck is powered by the ithenticate software from iParadigms, known in the academic community as providers of Turnitin." — Elsevier

这两个查重软件有什么区别呢？

Turnitin主要用于教师对在校生的作业和毕业论文进行检查，除了包含来自学术出版物和网页的海量数据，还包含学生论文数据库，而且被检测的论文可设置为加入或不加入学生论文数据库。

CrossCheck用于科研人员或研究生对待发表论文进行检查，不包含学生论文数据库，被检测的论文不会收录到数据库，不会影响之后投稿时杂志社的检测结果。CrossCheck利用Elsevier和Springer等超过800家出版社以及PubMed/MedLine和ProQuest等30家数据库提供的上亿级的期刊论文、会议论文、图书和网页数据用于比对查重。

所以，投SCI的小伙伴们要用CrossCheck进行查重，目前CrossCheck也是最受SCI期刊认可的查重软件。

很多SCI期刊在审稿的时候都会进行查重，如果重复率高的话会返回降重甚至直接拒稿，即使有些杂志不查重，也有可能在发表后被第三方发现相似度过高而导致撤稿。

需要强调的是，直接抄袭或剽窃是不允许的，我们谈降重也都是在没有直接抄袭或剽窃的前提之下。

提前避免重复

• 正确的引用方式

引用文献的时候我们不能简单的复制粘贴，而是要在理解的基础上用自己的话来表达，并在末尾注明文献出处。

很多小伙伴以为，只要注明了文献出处就可以直接引用了，可是查重软件在进行查重的时候不会因为注明了出处就直接跳过，如果发现有重复，照样会标记出来。

方法学部分往往是查重的重灾区，研究者使用的研究方法和自己之前的研究相同或者与其他人的研究方法类似，如果直接引用自然会导致查重相似率明显增高。

• 掌握论文英语表达的精髓

我们要多看文献，多总结常用句型，尤其是掌握英文表达的精髓，能够灵活的根据自己要表达的意思去变换表达方式，同时确保语言的规范性。

当然，这不是一日之功，有时间的小伙伴可以看看我们总结的SCI论文英语表达全套秘籍（持续更新中...）

我们拿到查重报告不光要看总体相似率（Similarity Index）,还要看每个匹配来源（Primary Source）的重复率，而我们降重的主要目标就是针对排在前面的重复率较高的内容进行重点降重。

常用降重方法举例

• 词语层面

在保留原意的前提下将句子中的部分成分进行替换。

... parameters including ... ... such parameters as ...

This study investigated ... Here we investigated ...

..., while ... ....; however, ...

On the contrary, ... By contrast, ...

: namely

after being treated with after treatment with

showing no significant difference compared with ... not significantly different from ...

* 单纯在词语层面进行替换往往降重效果不明显，所以我们可以和句子层面的改写结合起来，在以下的改写例子中也同时使用了同义词替换。

• 句子层面

1. 改变主语

The patients with Cushing's syndrome who were admitted to our hospital from 2010-2018 were retrospectively analyzed. A retrospective analysis was performed on the patients with Cushing's syndrome who were admitted to our hospital from 2010-2018.

* 将retrospectively analyzed变为名词a retrospective analysis，并从句末调到句首作主语，不仅改变了句子结构，也使得原本冗长的主语变简短了。

The culture medium was replaced with a fresh medium on day 6. A fresh medium was used to replace the culture medium on day 6.

* 将介词with的宾语a fresh medium变为主语，主语the culture meduim变为replace的宾语。

2. 被动句变为主动句

The patients with Cushing's syndrome who were admitted to our hospital from 2010-2018 were retrospectively analyzed. We analyzed the patients with Cushing's syndrome who were admitted to our hospital from 2010-2018.

* We在英文论文里很常见，使用We可以避免过多使用被动语态，使得主语比较简短。以前国内存在一个误解：科技论文里慎用第一人称和主动语态，尤其忌讳使用we，不过现在这个误解正在逐渐消除。

3. 简化表达

Various microRNAs have been demonstrated to possess the ability to regulate MSC differentiation Various microRNAs are able to regulate MSC differentiation

* possess the ability to可以简化are able to，have been demonstrated to如无必要，也可以删除。

4. 改变句子成分

With the rapid advance in nanotechnology, nanomaterials have been developed for stem cell therapy applications, such as molecular imaging, gene/drug delivery andtissue engineering. Rapid advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of nanomaterials for various stem cell therapy applications, including tissue engineering, molecular imaging, and gene/drug delivery.

* 原来的介词短语（状语）With the rapid advance in nanotechnology变成了主语Rapid advances in nanotechnology。

原来的nanomaterials have been developed变成了名词（宾语）the development of nanomaterials

另外，such as变成了including，后面的几项调换了顺序。

5. 从句变为非句子成分

..., which was probably because it triggered more ROS generation. ..., presumably due to triggering more ROS generation.

* which引导的定语从句转变为原因状语。

6. 谓语动词变为非谓语动词

Some peak broadening was evident and possibly corresponded to a slight rounding of the nano particle vertices. Some peak broadening was evident, possibly indicating a slight rounding of the nano particle vertices

* 根据意思将possibly corresponded to改为possibly indicating，整个句子由两个谓语的并列结构变成了带有补语的结构，句子层次感更强。

7. 从句变为名词结构

The results suggested that dorsomorphin and DKK1 suppressed osteogenic differentiation. The results indicated suppression of osteogenic differentiation by dorsomorphin and DKK1.

* 将dorsomorphin and DKK1 suppressed osteogenic differentiation这个句子变成了名词性结构suppression of osteogenic differentiation by dorsomorphin and DKK1。

8. 改变句子成分的顺序

bMSCs were washed with PBS four times and loaded with 1.2 mL of DCFH-DA for 20 min of incubation. bMSCs were washed four times with PBS and incubated with 1.2 mL of DCFH-DA for 20 min.

* 对于washed with PBS four times，可以将with PBS和four times调换顺序，改成washed four times with PBS；loaded with 1.2 mL of DCFH-DA for 20 min of incubation也可以简化一下，把incubation变为动词移到前面：incubated with 1.2 mL of DCFH-DA for 20 min.

这里也可以根据情况使用followed by结构：bMSCs were washed four times with PBS, followed by 20 min of incubation with DCFH-DA (1.2 mL).

9. 把复杂句拆分成简单句

A total of 2000 respondents, who were young respondents aged 16-28, were interviewed. A total of 2000 respondents were interviewed; they were young people, between the ages of 16 and 28 years.

* 将定语从句who were young respondents aged 16-28升级为一个分句：they were young people, between the ages of 16 and 28 years，与原来的主句并列存在。这里使用了分号，表示这两个分句之间的联系较为紧密。

10. 变换说法

Both treatment groups showed significant decreases in anxiety and avoidance, and the CBT-R group had significantly greater reductions in these symptoms than the GEAR group . Both regimens produced significant reductions in anxiety and avoidance, with greater decreases with the CBT-R regimen.

* 对于groups showed significant decreases，我们可以换一种说法：regimens produced significant reductions，意思不变。第二个分句可以相应的简化成非句子结构。

• 删除

1. 删除多余（unnecessary）成分，简化句子

Various factors such as A, B, and C have been demonstrated to possess the ability to regulate cell differentiation, while the influence of factor D on cell differentiation is neglected. This article investigated the effect of factor D on cell differentiation. Various factors such as A, B, and C are able to regulate cell differentiation, but the influence of factor D has yet to be clarified. Here, we investigated the effect of factor D on cell differentiation.

* 对于the influence of factor D on cell differentiation，由于前后文的存在，即使将 on cell differentiation去除，也知道influence是针对cell differentiation而言，所以我们可以把 on cell differentiation删除。

2. 删除前后重复的内容

比如在方法部分，同样的操作可以不用反复描述，可以根据情况写上一句，“The same procedure was repeated as in section 4.1.”

3. 删除同样的方法描写

如果有的方法描写在其他文献中出现过，可以不用完全照写一遍，否则很容易造成较高的重复率，可以考虑这样处理：“Protocol X was performed according to reference Y.”

4. 文字转变为图表

结果部分一些内容如果可以用图表展示，就不需要用文字赘述了，“These data are shown in Figure 6.”

总之，最根本的办法还是要掌握论文英语表达的精髓，这样才能够根据需要来自由的表达，而不是生搬硬套文献里的句子。

怎样掌握论文英语表达的精髓呢？除了多看我们总结的SCI论文英语表达全套秘籍（持续更新中...），还可以加入我们在“知识星球”上的深度学习讨论圈，里面有更多实例，还可以随时咨询相关的问题。