对世界的物理属性、人的动物性的科普 2018/11/11
如果霍布斯、卢梭、柏拉图了解这些领域的进展,想必会很开心吧。这是截至当代的必要(但不充分)的知识储备来理解人世、人性,他们可以重新构思《利维坦》《论人类不平等的起源和基础》《理想国》《蒂迈欧》的相关论述。推荐对政治哲学、社会科学感兴趣的读者读读这些书,把事物置于恰当的视野下观察、理解。
时间是有限的,不得不取舍。比如,如果把时间花在学古希腊语、拉丁语,可能就没有时间学足够的数学来理解物理学、概率统计,读足够的脑科学、心理学的文献。柏拉图学了他所在的时代的很多数学、天文学,霍布斯学了在他所在的时代的很多数学、物理学。每个时代的人要充分使用所在时代能提供的知识储备、思想资源、经验素材,而不是刻舟求剑。
施特劳斯学派提醒我们要当心还原主义(reductionism)把事物简单化、当心现代社会科学的视野局限:
自然科学无论多么有成效,它无法影响我们对何为人性的理解。对现代自然科学而言,从整全的视角来理解人意味着从低于人(sub-human)的视角来理解人。但从这种视角看,人性完全不可理解。古典政治哲学理解人的视角与此不同,这始于苏格拉底。
——列奥·施特劳斯《何为政治哲学》
比起满满一书架自称“冲突解决法”的当代书籍,奥斯汀的《劝服》寥寥十几页更能教给我们敏锐的判断力。
——史蒂芬·斯密什《耶鲁大学公开课:政治哲学·捍卫爱国主义》
我觉得不必画地为牢,不妨兼收并蓄。下面列出这些知识领域是必要而非充分的,除了学这些领域,还需要多读历史、文学,观察世界,体会生活,可以去做产品经理、去创业,甚至去面对生死、牺牲,去上战场。同时,可采取分拣信件、整理房间的态度,把真正的问题清理出来,而不是把心智耗在一些不存在或者不那么重要的问题上。物理的归物理,生物的归生物,心理学的归心理学,历史的归历史,政治的归政治,哲学的归哲学,跨学科的归跨学科。充分认识到世界的物理属性、人的动物性的种种约束,在此基础上思考人类哪些可为、哪些不可为,人类社会的创造性、德性、悲剧性、理想是什么?
物理世界
宇宙
托比阿斯·胡阿特, 马克斯·劳讷. 2016, 多重宇宙:一个世界太少了? (第2版)
James Trefil. 2018, Space Atlas: Mapping the Universe and Beyond (2nd Edition)
Christophe Galfard. 2016, The Universe in Your Hand: A Journey Through Space, Time, and Beyond. 中译本:2016, 极简宇宙史
Sean Carroll. 2016, The Big Picture: On the Origins of Life, Meaning, and the Universe Itself
Neil deGrasse Tyson, Michael A. Strauss, J. Richard Gott. 2016, Welcome to the Universe: An Astrophysical Tour
Marcelo Gleiser. 2014, The Island of Knowledge: The Limits of Science and the Search for Meaning. 中译本:2017, 求知简史:从超越时空到认识自己
Carlo Rovelli. 2017, Reality Is Not What It Seems: The Journey to Quantum Gravity. 中译本:2017, 现实不似你所见:量子引力之旅
概率、统计、分布
西闪. 2018, 国家的计算
Hossein Pishro-Nik. 2014, Introduction to Probability, Statistics, and Random Processes
William Briggs. 2016, Uncertainty: The Soul of Modeling, Probability & Statistics
Sarah Moss. 2018, Probabilistic Knowledge
Stephen M. Stigler. 2016, The Seven Pillars of Statistical Wisdom
Gary Smith. 2014, Standard Deviations: Flawed Assumptions, Tortured Data, and Other Ways to Lie with Statistics. 中译本:2018, 简单统计学:如何轻松识破一本正经的胡说八道
热力学、能量、熵
Arieh Ben-Naim. 2017, The Four Laws That Do Not Drive the Universe: Elements of Thermodynamics for the Curious and Intelligent
2017, Information Theory, Part I: An Introduction to the Fundamental Concepts
2016, Modern Thermodynamics
James V Stone. 2015, Information Theory: A Tutorial Introduction
复杂系统、网络社会科学
William C. Burger. 2016, Complexity: The Evolution of Earth's Biodiversity and the Future of Humanity
John H. Holland. 2014, Complexity: A Very Short Introduction
Steven H. Strogatz. 2014, Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos: With Applications to Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and Engineering
Jean G. Boulton, Peter M. Allen, Cliff Bowman. 2015, Embracing Complexity: Strategic Perspectives for an Age of Turbulence
Albert-László Barabási. 2016, Network Science
Mark Newman. 2018, Networks (2nd Edition)
生态系统
生态学
David T. Krohne. 2017, Ecology: Evolution, Application, Integration (2nd Edition)
赫尔曼 E. 戴利. 2014, 生态经济学:原理和应用 (第2版)
演化(evolution)
Douglas J. Futuyma, Mark Kirkpatrick. 2017, Evolution (4th Edition)
Kevin N. Laland. 2017, Darwin's Unfinished Symphony: How Culture Made the Human Mind. 中译本:2018, 未完成的进化:为什么大猩猩没有主宰世界
Nick Lane. 2010, Life Ascending: The Ten Great Inventions of Evolution. 中译本:2016, 生命的跃升:40亿年演化史上的十大发明
Andreas Wagner. 2019, Life Finds a Way: What Evolution Teaches Us About Creativity
Douglas H. Erwin, James W. Valentine. 2013, The Cambrian Explosion: The Construction of Animal Biodiversity
Steve Brusatte. 2018, The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs: A New History of a Lost World
地球系统、环境、气候变化、生物多样性
Tim Lenton. 2016, Earth System Science: A Very Short Introduction
Erle C. Ellis. 2018, Anthropocene: A Very Short Introduction
Joseph Romm. 2018, Climate Change: What Everyone Needs to Know® (2nd Edition)
Ryan Katz-Rosene, Matthew Paterso. 2018, Thinking Ecologically About the Global Political Economy
Alex Loftus. 2012, Everyday Environmentalism: Creating an Urban Political Ecology
生物学
基因
David Reich. 2018, Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past
Dalton Conley, Jason Fletcher. 2017, The Genome Factor: What the Social Genomics Revolution Reveals about Ourselves, Our History, and the Future
Siddhartha Mukherjee. 2016, The Gene: An Intimate History. 中译本:2018, 基因传:众生之源
Adam Rutherford. 2016, A Brief History of Everyone Who Ever Lived: The Stories in Our Genes. 中译本:2017, 我们人类的基因:全人类的历史与未来
王立铭. 2017, 上帝的手术刀:基因编辑简史
线粒体
Nick Lane. 2016, The Vital Question: Energy, Evolution, and the Origins of Complex Life
2006, Power, Sex, Suicide: Mitochondria and the Meaning of Life
动物
Sy Montgomery. 2018, How to Be a Good Creature: A Memoir in Thirteen Animals
2016, The Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration into the Wonder of Consciousness
哺乳动物
Frans de Waal. 2016, Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are?
灵长类动物(猿猴)
Karen B. Strier. 2016, Primate Behavioral Ecology (5th Edition)
Alexander H. Harcourt. 2015, Humankind: How Biology and Geography Shape Human Diversity. 中译本:2017, 我们人类的进化:从走出非洲到主宰地球
Frans de Waal. 2013, The Bonobo and the Atheist: In Search of Humanism Among the Primates
人类的进化(evolution)、进化心理学
David M.Buss. 2014, Evolutionary Psychology: The New Science of the Mind (5th Edition). 中译本:2015, 进化心理学(第4版)
2011, 欲望的演化
Craig Stanford, John S. Allen, Susan C. Antón. 2016, Biological Anthropology: The Natural History of Humankind (4th Edition)
Jonathan Marks. 2017, The Alternative Introduction to Biological Anthropology (2nd Edition)
Daniel C. Dennett. 2017, From Bacteria to Bach and Back: The Evolution of Minds
Sarah Blaffer Hrdy. 2009, Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding
死亡
Atul Gawande. 2014, Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End. 中译本:2015, 最好的告别:关于衰老与死亡,你必须知道的常识
Paul Kalanithi. 2016, When Breath Becomes Air. 中译本:2016, 当呼吸化为空气
Henry Marsh. 2014, Do No Harm: Stories of Life, Death and Brain Surgery
Alice Sebold. 2004, The Lovely Bones. 中译本:2016, 可爱的骨头:当我们失去至亲之人,要如何与他们好好告别
海波. 2013, 佛说死亡
老年
Timothy R. Jennings. 2018, The Aging Brain: Proven Steps to Prevent Dementia and Sharpen Your Mind
Joan Chittister. 2008, The Gift of Years: Growing Older Gracefully. 中译本:2013, 老得好优雅
西塞罗. 论老年
疾病
Imogen Evans, Hazel Thornton, Iain Chalmers, Paul Glasziou. 2016, 治疗的真相
李治中. 2017, 癌症·新知:科学终结恐慌. 2015, 癌症·真相:医生也在读
Siddhartha Mukherjee. 2010, The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer. 中译本:2013, 众病之王:癌症传
于是. 2018, 查无此人
性(sex and sexuality)
奥托·魏宁格. 性与性格 维特根斯坦受这本书的影响
福尔克马·西古希. 2018, 性欲和性行为:一种批判理论的99条断想
Henry T. Greely. 2016, The End of Sex and the Future of Human Reproduction
Roger R. Hock. 2015, Human Sexuality (4th Edition)
Robert L. Crooks, Karla Baur. 2016, Our Sexuality (13th Edition)
Howard Chiang. 2018, Sexuality in China: Histories of Power and Pleasure
Justin J. Lehmiller. 2018, Tell Me What You Want: The Science of Sexual Desire and How It Can Help You Improve Your Sex Life
2017, The Psychology of Human Sexuality (2nd Edition)
心理学
脑科学
David J. Linden. 2018, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience
Gary L. Wenk. 2017, The Brain: What Everyone Needs To Know®
Dale Purves, George J. Augustine, David Fitzpatrick. 2017, Neuroscience (6th Edition)
Laura Freberg. 2017, Discovering Behavioral Neuroscience: An Introduction to Biological Psychology
Sebastian Seung. 2012, Connectome: How the Brain's Wiring Makes Us Who We Are. 中译本:2016, 连接组:造就独一无二的你
认知心理学
Pascal Boyer. 2018, Minds Make Societies: How Cognition Explains the World Humans Create
社会心理学
Elliot Aronson. 2015, Social Psychology (9th Edition). 中译本:2014, 社会心理学(第8版)
发展心理学
Laura E. Berk. 2014, 伯克毕生发展心理学:从青年到老年(第4版). 2008, 婴儿、儿童和青少年
马戈·沃德尔. 2017, 内在生命:精神分析与人格发展
变态心理学
David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Diane M. Sue. 2016, Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior (3rd Edition)
心理咨询 待补充
Gordon Livingston. 2004, Too Soon Old, Too Late Smart: Thirty True Things You Need to Know Now
家庭治疗
Michael P. Nichols, Richard C. Schwartz. 2005, 家庭治疗:理论与方法
葛莫利. 2014, 大象在屋里:萨提亚模式家庭治疗实录
Robert Taibbi. 2012, 如何做家庭治疗:临床实践中的技巧
莫妮卡·麦戈德里克. 2015, 家谱图:评估与干预
女性
龚晓明. 2017, 给身体的情书
央金拉姆. 2014, 大地母亲时代的来临
Anne Campbell. 2013, A Mind of Her Own: The Evolutionary Psychology of Women
Nicholas D. Kristof, Sheryl WuDunn. 2010, Half the Sky: How to Change the World. 中译本:2014: 半边天:普利策新闻奖得主讲述女性的绝望与希望
夏晓虹. 2016, 晚清女子国民常识的建构
上野千鹤子. 2015, 厌女:日本的女性嫌恶
Marilyn French. 2009, The Women's Room. 中译本:2017, 醒来的女性:一部女性的心灵史
Gail Hershatter. 2018, Women and China's Revolutions
行为社会科学
Brian Epstein. 2015, The Ant Trap: Rebuilding the Foundations of the Social Sciences
Jon Elster. 2015, Explaining Social Behavior: More Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences (2nd Edition)
Ron Mallon. 2016, The Construction of Human Kinds
Stevan E. Hobfoll. 2018, Tribalism: The Evolutionary Origins of Fear Politics
Anthony Elliott. 2013, Concepts of the Self (Key Concepts) 3rd Edition
Cillian McBride. 2013, Recognition (Key Concepts)
汪丁丁. 2017, 行为社会科学基本问题
历史人类学
Robert Boyd. 2017, A Different Kind of Animal: How Culture Transformed Our Species
Patrick Nolan, Gerhard Lenski. 2014, Human Societies: An Introduction to Macrosociology (12th Edition)
辉格. 2017, 群居的艺术:人类作为一种物种的生存策略
郑也夫. 2016, 文明是副产品
Charles Stanish. 2017, The Evolution of Human Co-operation: Ritual and Social Complexity in Stateless Societies
中间略过一些步骤,以后有机会再填充。
世界上的各种文明(civilizations)
世界的物理属性、人的动物性对全人类都大同小异。那么,不同的文明是在哪个环节分岔的呢?
当代全球事务、社会议题、社会科学
2018年秋季耶鲁大学Borders, Culture, and Citizenship课程大纲
2018年秋季耶鲁大学International Security课程大纲
西方文明
2018年秋季北大新生研讨课《马基雅维利:现代政治与道德》课程大纲
2017年春季耶鲁大学World Order and the Liberal Arts课程大纲
2017年耶鲁大学“大战略(Grand Strategy)”课程大纲
2018年春季耶鲁大学Oratory in Statecraft课程大纲
当代美国
2018年秋季耶鲁大学Diplomatic Crises and Statecraft课程大纲
2018年秋季耶鲁大学Turning Points in American Foreign Policy课程大纲
我的豆瓣读书标签:当代美国,美国政治,美国社会,美国经济
中美关系
2018年秋季耶鲁大学China’s Rise and the Future of Foreign Policy课程大纲
2018年春季耶鲁大学Law and U.S.-China Relations课程大纲
2018年秋季清华大学《亚洲国际关系 1945-1989》课程大纲
豆列:中美关系2
中国文明
豆列:中国文明,当代中国大学的思潮和教育
2018年秋季北大哲学系《宗教与中西文明传统比较研究》课程大纲
当代中国
2017年春季北大国家发展研究院《中国经济研究专题》课程大纲
2018年秋季清华经管学院《朱镕基经济管理理论与实践》课程大纲
2018年春季哈佛大学Political Science and China课程大纲
2018年春季耶鲁大学Governing China课程大纲
2018年秋季北大《本土视野下的中国外交与国际事务》课程大纲
豆列:讲当代中国的文章、讲座,中国经济,中国商业,中国金融,中国的国际事务
伊斯兰文明
2018年秋季北大新生研讨课《伊斯兰文明的历史进程》课程大纲
非洲文明