心理师为啥要理解社会问题
In Institutionalizing Madness (Elizur & Minuchin, 1989), Minuchin makes a compelling case for a sys- tems view of emotional problems that extends beyond the family to encompass the entire community. As Minuchin points out, unless therapists learn to look beyond the limited slice of ecology where they work to the larger social structures within which their work is embedded, their efforts may amount to little more than spinning wheels.
(Nichols 115)
Nichols, Michael P. Family Therapy: Concepts and Methods, 11th Edition. Pearson, 20160222. VitalBook file.
（“心理师如果不能看到他们工作对象所处的更大的社会结构，那他们的努力就不会有啥效果”。）
Minuchin是个老左，所以才能说出这话来。
他高中毕业时，就已经在搞左派运动并且坐牢。后来他也一直在和穷人家庭的儿童和犹太遗孤一起工作。（https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/03/obituaries/salvador-minuchin-a-pioneer-of-family-therapy-dies-at-96.html）
但我还挺好奇他为什么要加入以色列独立战争的。
家庭没有固定的形式。任何形式的家庭（单亲、同性、多偶家庭）都可以是有功能性的（functional）。只有当他们来寻求帮助、无法自行解决问题时，治疗师才会假设这个家庭中可能有某部分有问题。It’s the fact that a family seeks therapy for a problem they have been unable to solve that gives a therapist license to assume that something about the way they are organized may not be working for them.
(Nichols 119)
Nichols, Michael P. Family Therapy: Concepts and Methods, 11th Edition. Pearson, 20160222. VitalBook file.
