历年托福词汇题精选 440 题（附答案）
100留学教研组吐血整理的历年TOEFL 词汇题精选 440 题！而且还贴心地附上了答案！托哥立刻给你们搬运过来，先给你们PO一部分：
需要看领取方式直接拉到最下面就行~
1. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women.
The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) typical
(B) satisfied
(C) supportive
(D) distinctive
2. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today.
The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) valued
(B) universal
(C) uncommon
(D) preserved
3. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century.
The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) surpassed
(B) inclined
(C) expressed
(D) applied
4. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.
The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) records
(B) speeds
(C) distances
(D) periods
5. The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes.
The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) pushing
(B) releasing
(C) strengthening
(D) draining
6. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle.
The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) drop
(B) extend
(C) melt
(D) drift
7. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members.
The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) necessary
(B) typical
(C) group
(D) particular
8. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group.
The word "resolve" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) avoid repeating
(B) talk about
(C) avoid thinking about
(D) find a solution for
9. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site.
The word "noticed" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) predicted
(B) announced
(C) corrected
(D) observed
10. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled masses.
The word "tangled" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) buried beneath
(B) twisted together
(C) quickly formed
(D) easily dated
11. The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust.
The word "concealed" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) highlighted
(B) covered
(C) transformed
(D) contaminated
12. The ocean bottom --- a region nearly 2. 5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth --- is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted, until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep.
The word "inaccessible" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) unrecognizable
(B) unreachable
(C) unusable
(D) unsafe
13. The DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.
The word "extracting" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) breaking
(B) locating
(C) removing
(D) analyzing
14. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.
The word "strength" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) basis
(B) purpose
(C) discovery
(D) endurance
15. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada's population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came
from natural increase.
The word "surging" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) new
(B) extra
(C) accelerating
(D) surprising
16. When the prairies were being settled, undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950's supported a growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families.
The word "trend" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) tendency
(B) aim
(C) growth
(D) directive
17. After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966, it stood at the lowest level in 25 years.
The word "peak" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) pointed
(B) dismal
(C) mountain
(D) maximum
18. Although the growth in Canada's population had slowed down by 1966 (the increase the first half of the 1960's was only nine percent) , another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.
The phrase "prior to" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) behind
(B) since
(C) during
(D) preceding
19. Advocates of organic foods --- a term whose meaning varies greatly --- frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.
The word "Advocates" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) Proponents
(B) Merchants
(C) Inspectors
(D) Consumers
20. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the like.
The word "unsubstantiated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) unbelievable
(B) uncontested
(C) unpopular
(D) unverified
21. But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.
The word "maintain" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) improve
(B) monitor
(C) preserve
(D) restore
22. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.
The word "considerable" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) thoughtful
(B) substantial
(C) relational
(D) ceremonial
23. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.
The word "enactment" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) establishment
(B) performance
(C) authorization
(D) season
24. Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South, when the Civil War ended. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.
The word "Staggering" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) specialized
(B) confusing
(C) various
(D) overwhelming
25. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.
The word "devastated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) developing
(B) ruined
(C) complicated
(D) fragile
26. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pumps. But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights.
The word "demonstrated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) ignored
(B) showed
(C) disguised
(D) distinguished
27. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water.
The word "extend" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) stretch
(B) branch
(C) increase
(D) rotate
28. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the premodern era.
The word "vast" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) large
(B) basic
(C) new
(D) urban
29. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas.
The word "sparked" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) brought about
(B) surrounded
(C) sent out
(D) followed
30. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years-lots that could have housed five to six million people.
The word "potential" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) certain
(B) popular
(C) improved
(D) possible
31. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.
The word "outstanding" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) extensive
(B) surprising
(C) vertical
(D) excellent
32. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzamden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.
The word "site" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) example
(B) location
(C) development
(D) characteristic
33. The quality of preservation is almost unmatched, and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.
The phrase "account for " is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) record
(B) describe
(C) equal
(D) explain
34. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century.
The words "a supremacy" in line 9 are closest in meaning to
(A) a suggestion
(B) an improvement
(C) a dominance
(D) a development
35. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the
most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.
The word "myriad" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) noticeable
(B) many
(C) loud
(D) unusual
36. Each one was virtually a stone town, which is why the Spanish would later call them pueblos, the Spanish word for towns. These pueblos represent one of the Anasazis' supreme achievements. At least a dozen large stone houses took shape below the bluffs of Chiaco Canyon in northwest New Mexico.
The word "supreme" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) most common
(B) most outstanding
(C) most expensive
(D) most convenient
37. They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders met to plan festivals, perform ritual dances, settle pueblo affairs, and impart tribal lore to the younger generation.
The word "settle" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) sink
(B) decide
(C) clarify
(D) locate
38. Then, to connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff faces.
The word "ascending" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) arriving at
(B) carving
(C) connecting
(D) climbing
39. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.
The word "solemn" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) simple
(B) serious
(C) short
(D) silent
40. Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.
The word "composed" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) selected
(B) combined
(C) played
(D) created
The word "scores" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) totals
(B) successes
(C) musical compositions
(D) groups of musicians
以上仅是其中一小部分，还有剩下400题托哥实在是没法PO出来了！需要完整版的朋友豆邮我吧！
需要看领取方式直接拉到最下面就行~
1. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women.
The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) typical
(B) satisfied
(C) supportive
(D) distinctive
2. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today.
The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) valued
(B) universal
(C) uncommon
(D) preserved
3. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century.
The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) surpassed
(B) inclined
(C) expressed
(D) applied
4. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.
The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) records
(B) speeds
(C) distances
(D) periods
5. The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes.
The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) pushing
(B) releasing
(C) strengthening
(D) draining
6. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle.
The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) drop
(B) extend
(C) melt
(D) drift
7. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members.
The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) necessary
(B) typical
(C) group
(D) particular
8. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group.
The word "resolve" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) avoid repeating
(B) talk about
(C) avoid thinking about
(D) find a solution for
9. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site.
The word "noticed" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) predicted
(B) announced
(C) corrected
(D) observed
10. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled masses.
The word "tangled" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) buried beneath
(B) twisted together
(C) quickly formed
(D) easily dated
11. The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust.
The word "concealed" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) highlighted
(B) covered
(C) transformed
(D) contaminated
12. The ocean bottom --- a region nearly 2. 5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth --- is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted, until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep.
The word "inaccessible" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) unrecognizable
(B) unreachable
(C) unusable
(D) unsafe
13. The DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.
The word "extracting" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) breaking
(B) locating
(C) removing
(D) analyzing
14. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.
The word "strength" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) basis
(B) purpose
(C) discovery
(D) endurance
15. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada's population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came
from natural increase.
The word "surging" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) new
(B) extra
(C) accelerating
(D) surprising
16. When the prairies were being settled, undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950's supported a growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families.
The word "trend" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) tendency
(B) aim
(C) growth
(D) directive
17. After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966, it stood at the lowest level in 25 years.
The word "peak" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) pointed
(B) dismal
(C) mountain
(D) maximum
18. Although the growth in Canada's population had slowed down by 1966 (the increase the first half of the 1960's was only nine percent) , another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.
The phrase "prior to" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) behind
(B) since
(C) during
(D) preceding
19. Advocates of organic foods --- a term whose meaning varies greatly --- frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.
The word "Advocates" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) Proponents
(B) Merchants
(C) Inspectors
(D) Consumers
20. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the like.
The word "unsubstantiated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) unbelievable
(B) uncontested
(C) unpopular
(D) unverified
21. But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.
The word "maintain" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) improve
(B) monitor
(C) preserve
(D) restore
22. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.
The word "considerable" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) thoughtful
(B) substantial
(C) relational
(D) ceremonial
23. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.
The word "enactment" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) establishment
(B) performance
(C) authorization
(D) season
24. Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South, when the Civil War ended. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.
The word "Staggering" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) specialized
(B) confusing
(C) various
(D) overwhelming
25. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.
The word "devastated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) developing
(B) ruined
(C) complicated
(D) fragile
26. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pumps. But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights.
The word "demonstrated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) ignored
(B) showed
(C) disguised
(D) distinguished
27. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water.
The word "extend" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) stretch
(B) branch
(C) increase
(D) rotate
28. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the premodern era.
The word "vast" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) large
(B) basic
(C) new
(D) urban
29. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas.
The word "sparked" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) brought about
(B) surrounded
(C) sent out
(D) followed
30. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years-lots that could have housed five to six million people.
The word "potential" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) certain
(B) popular
(C) improved
(D) possible
31. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.
The word "outstanding" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) extensive
(B) surprising
(C) vertical
(D) excellent
32. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzamden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.
The word "site" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) example
(B) location
(C) development
(D) characteristic
33. The quality of preservation is almost unmatched, and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.
The phrase "account for " is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) record
(B) describe
(C) equal
(D) explain
34. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century.
The words "a supremacy" in line 9 are closest in meaning to
(A) a suggestion
(B) an improvement
(C) a dominance
(D) a development
35. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the
most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.
The word "myriad" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) noticeable
(B) many
(C) loud
(D) unusual
36. Each one was virtually a stone town, which is why the Spanish would later call them pueblos, the Spanish word for towns. These pueblos represent one of the Anasazis' supreme achievements. At least a dozen large stone houses took shape below the bluffs of Chiaco Canyon in northwest New Mexico.
The word "supreme" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) most common
(B) most outstanding
(C) most expensive
(D) most convenient
37. They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders met to plan festivals, perform ritual dances, settle pueblo affairs, and impart tribal lore to the younger generation.
The word "settle" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) sink
(B) decide
(C) clarify
(D) locate
38. Then, to connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff faces.
The word "ascending" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) arriving at
(B) carving
(C) connecting
(D) climbing
39. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.
The word "solemn" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) simple
(B) serious
(C) short
(D) silent
40. Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.
The word "composed" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) selected
(B) combined
(C) played
(D) created
The word "scores" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) totals
(B) successes
(C) musical compositions
(D) groups of musicians
以上仅是其中一小部分，还有剩下400题托哥实在是没法PO出来了！需要完整版的朋友豆邮我吧！
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