【翻译】幻想（3）
Dreams 梦
In his attempts to elucidate the thoughts and memories which lay behind symptoms, Freud found himself being told dreams. In dreams, the ‘censor’ which kept ideas out of consciousness worked differently, and the disguises were easier to penetrate.
在他试图阐明症状背后的想法和回忆时，弗洛伊德发现的是梦。在梦中，使观念处于意识之外的“检查员”的工作方式很不一样，这种伪装是很容易识破的。
He described a young woman whose illness began with a state of confusional excitement during which she displayed a quite special aversion to her mother, hitting and abusing her whenever she came near her bed, while at the same period she was docile and affectionate towards a sister who was many years her senior. This was followed by a period in which she was lucid but somewhat apathetic and suffered from badly disturbed sleep. It was during this phase that I began treating her and analysing her dreams. An immense number of these dreams were concerned, with a greater or less degree of disguise, with the death of her mother: at one time she would be attending an old woman’s funeral, at another she and her sister would be sitting at table dressed in mourning. There could be no question as to the meaning of these dreams. As her condition improved still further, hysterical phobias developed. The most tormenting of these was a fear that something might have happened to her mother. She was obliged to hurry home, wherever she might be, to convince herself that her mother was still alive. 5
他描述一个女人，她的疾病始于一种精神混乱的兴奋状态，这发生在她表现出对母亲的一种特别的厌恶，打她，虐待她，不管什么时候她靠近她的床边。而在同一时期，她对姐姐却很温顺和深情。这发生在一个时期之后，那时她是清醒的但有点冷漠，受严重的睡眠障碍的折磨。是在这个阶段，我开始治疗她，以及分析她的梦。大量的梦涉及到一个或深或浅的程度的伪装，涉及到她母亲的死亡：有一次，她要去参加一个老妇人的葬礼；另一次她和她的姐姐面带愁容坐在桌子上。这些梦的意义是显而易见的。随着她的状况进一步的改善，癔症性恐惧症出现了。这其中最痛苦的是一种恐惧——有什么事会发生在她母亲身上。不管她在哪儿，她会迫使自己赶回家以确保她的母亲还活着。
Freud saw this case as demonstrating the different ways in which hostility to the woman’s mother was expressed, as physical aggression or symbolised in a dream, or defended against by the conscious substitution of the opposite idea as a negation.
弗洛伊德看到这种情况，是在他论证女人对母亲的敌意以不同的方式被压抑时——作为身体攻击或者一个梦中的象征，或者作为一种否认的对立的观念的意识中替代物所抵抗。
It was in the analysis of mental disturbances, then, that Freud discovered symbolism, which he found often linked to disturbing sexual fantasies. When he examined Elizabeth von R.’s painful legs by pinching them, she did not react as someone in pain; instead her face assumed a peculiar expression, which was one of pleasure rather than pain. She cried out – and I could not help thinking that it was as though she was having a voluptuous tickling sensation – her faced flushed, she threw back her head and shut her eyes and her body bent backwards . . . Her expression . . . was probably more in harmony with the subject- matter of the thoughts which lay concealed behind the pain. 6
然而，是在对心理紊乱的分析中，弗洛伊德发现了象征，这些象征经常和令人不安的性幻想联系在一起。当他捏R小姐的痛苦的双腿以作检查时，她并没有像别人那样表现出疼痛。相反的，她的脸有一副古怪的表情，更像是一种快乐而不是痛苦。她放声痛哭——我禁不住的想这就像是她有一种性满足——她红着的脸，她扭过头，闭上眼，身体向后弯曲着......她的表情......很可能和隐藏在疼痛背后的想法的主题是一致的。
A region of her legs had come to represent some aspect of her sexuality. Later Freud discovered that this was an area which had touched her father’s swollen leg while she nursed him as he lay dying. Freud thought we symbolised only things which we did not want to know about, which were repressed, and that these repressed thoughts came out in symptoms. As in the case of Elizabeth von R., the symptoms were over- determined; many unconscious thoughts or fantasies lay behind each one. But Freud saw the symptomatic leg and other symbols as existing in a world of more neutral objects which had no particular psychic significance.
她腿部的一块区域已经表现出她性欲的很多方面。不久后弗洛伊德发现，这是块接触过她父亲的肿胀的腿的区域，当时她在父亲弥留之际看护他。弗洛伊德认为，我们把自己不想知道的被压抑的东西符号化，这些被压抑的想法在症状中出现。就像R小姐的案例中，症状被过度决定了；无意识的想法或幻想在每一个症状的后面。但是弗洛伊德看到那只带着症状的腿和其他的象征，存在于一个更加中性的客体的世界中，这些客体没有什么特殊的精神意义。
Klein: Children’s Play 克莱因：儿童的游戏
Melanie Klein was a mother of young children when she read Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams (1900). Watching her own son playing, making mountains out of her body and running his carriages and people over it; listening to him relating his fantasies about his ‘wiwi’ and ‘making babies’ with his ‘poo’; telling the paper he wiped himself with to ‘eat it up’, she realised that she could interpret his play and his stories as Freud interpreted dreams. In ‘The Development of a Child’, she gives a wealth of examples of her son’s fantasies. 7 For example, ‘the womb figured as a completely furnished house, the stomach particularly was very fully equipped and was even possessed of a bath-tub and a soap-dish. He remarked himself: “I know it isn’t really like that, but I see it that way” ’. 8
当梅兰尼·克莱因读到弗洛伊德的《梦的解析》时，她还是个年幼孩子的母亲。看着自己的儿子玩耍，在她的身体上堆山，让他的马车和人儿翻越它；听他描述关于“尿尿”以及用“便便”“生宝宝”的幻想；跟他擦屁股的纸说“吃完它”，她发现自己能够理解他的游戏和故事，就像弗洛伊德释梦一样。在《一个儿童的发展》的中，她给出了大量的她儿子的幻想的例子。比如，“子宫被当作一个家具齐全的房子，特别是胃被装备的十分齐全，甚至配有一个浴缸和一个肥皂盒。他跟自己说，‘我知道这实际上不是想那样的，但是我是以那样的方式来看的。’”
Freud had begun to think that it was repression of sexual interest which kept phantasies out of conscious awareness and therefore liable to emerge as symptoms, so Klein decided she would try to bring her son up without this repression. She decided to tell him where babies came from. This was revolutionary at the time, and it is not surprising that she could not quite bring herself to explain about the role of the father: besides, the child did not ask. This led to an important discovery. Her son was interested in what she said, but after a while he began asking stereotyped questions about what different things were made of and how they were made. For instance, ‘What is a door made of? – What is the bed made of ? . . . How does all the earth get under the earth? . . . Where do stones, where does water come from? . . .’ Klein explained that ‘There was no doubt that . . . he had completely grasped the answer to these questions and that their recurrence had no intellectual basis. He showed too by his inattentive and absent-minded behaviour while putting the questions that he was really indifferent about the answers in spite of the fact that he asked them with vehemence . . .’ 9 When she saw him gradually losing interest in everything, including being told stories by her, she remembered that a senior analyst had pointed out that the boy was asking about the role of the father in a disguised form. After she explained it to him, the child completely regained his interest in the world, began to play freely and to relate stories to her. 10
弗洛伊德已经开始思考，性兴趣的压抑，使幻想保持在意识的觉察之外的，因此可能作为症状显现出来。所以克莱因决定，她会尝试让孩子不在压抑中长大。她决定告诉他孩子是从哪里来的。这在那时是突破性的，而且她完全不能让自己去解释父亲的角色，这并不令人惊讶，此外孩子也没问。这导向一个重要的发现。她的儿子对她说的很感兴趣，但是一段时间后他开始询问固定不变的问题——有关不同的东西都是由什么做成的，以及怎么做成的。例如，“门是什么做的？床是什么做的？全都是怎么从地球下面弄到的？石头是从哪里来的？水呢？”克莱因解释到，“毫无疑问，他已经全然地领会了这些问题的答案，它们的复现没什么智力基础。当他提出那些他实际上毫不关心其答案的问题时，不管他问这些问题多么的激烈，通过他的漫不经心和心不在焉的行为也表现出了这一点。当她看到他逐渐的失去对任何事情的兴趣时，包括她跟她讲的故事，她想起一个资深的分析师已经指出过的，儿子在以掩饰的形式询问父亲的角色。当她向儿子解释了这一点后，孩子完全重拾他对这个世界的兴趣，开始自由的游戏，开始把故事和她联系起来。
She began to analyse her own children (though she warned her pupils later against doing this, feeling it was too intrusive), then other children and later, adults. Klein, like Freud, began to see that unconscious phantasies could have powerful effects on daily life. Her own son’s temporary inhibition had been cured by her answering an unconscious question, and she found other children with symptoms, who also responded to analysis of their play and speech. Her son had shown her evidence of considerable aggression towards his brother, sister and father; for example, in a game where he cut off their heads; 11 but he later became anxious about these games. Klein realised that it was not just negative adult attitudes towards sexual ideas which could cause children to inhibit their interests or to change their games, but their own internal conflicts, in particular about their fantasies of damaging or destroying those they loved.
她开始分析自己的孩子（尽管后来警告自己的学生不要这样做，感觉这样太有侵入性了），然后是其他的孩子，后来是成年人。就像弗洛伊德，克莱因开始看到无意识幻想对日常生活可以有很强大的影响。她自己的儿子短暂的抑制已经被她解决了，这是通过回答一个无意识的问题做到的。她发现其他有症状的孩子，他们也向分析回应他们的游戏和演讲。她的儿子已经向她显示出了对他兄弟、姐妹和父亲的相当多的攻击性的证据；例如，在一个他切掉了他们的头的游戏中。但是后来他对这些游戏变得焦虑起来。克莱因意识到，这不只是对性想法的负性的成人态度，这些想法能够导致孩子抑制他们的兴趣或者改变他们的游戏。而且是他们自己的内在冲突，特别是在他们伤害或者摧毁他们所爱之人的幻想中。
A child called ‘Fritz’, described in ‘The Role of the School in the Libidinal Development of the Child’, had many difficulties at school, including an inhibition to doing division sums. Klein says that ‘Fritz’told me that in doing division he had first of all to bring down the figure that was required and he climbed up, seized it by the arm and pulled it down. To my enquiry as to what it said to that, he replied that quite certainly it was not pleasant for the number – it was as if his mother stood on a stone 13 yards high and someone came and caught her by the arm so that they tore it out and divided her. . . . He then related . . . that actually every child wants to have a bit of his mother,who is to be cut in four pieces; he depicted quite exactly how she screamed and had paper stuffed in her mouth so that she could not scream, and what kind of faces she made, etc. A child took a very sharp knife, and he described how she was cut up; first across the width of the breast, and then of the belly, then lengthwise so that the ‘pipi’ [in his imagination, mothers also had penises, it seems] , the face and the head were cut exactly through the middle, whereby the ‘sense’ was taken out of her head. The head was then again cut through obliquely just as the ‘pipi’ was cut across its breadth. Betweenwhiles he constantly bit at his hand and said that he bit his sister too for fun, but certainly for love. He continued that every child then took the piece of the mother that it wanted, and agreed that the cut-up mother was then also eaten. It now appeared also that he always confused the remainder with the quotient in division, and always wrote it in the wrong place, because in his mind it was bleeding pieces of flesh with which he was unconsciously dealing. These interpretations completely removed his inhibition with regard to division. 12
在《儿童力比多发展中学校的角色》中描述过的一个叫弗里斯的孩子，他在学校里有很多问题，包括在做除法算术上的抑制。克莱因说，弗里斯告诉我在做除法时，他首先得把必要的数字降低，他爬上去用胳膊拽着，把它拉下来。我询问对此它说了什么，他相当确定的回答说，对这数字来说这并不是个快乐的事——就好像他的母亲高高的站在一个石头花园上，有人过来用胳膊抓到她以便把它撕下来，分割她……然后他说到，实际上每个孩子都想要他的要被切成四块的母亲的一部分；他非常确切地描述，她是怎么大叫的，把纸塞进她的嘴里这样她就不能叫了，她的表情是什么样的，等等。一个孩子带着一把非常锋利的刀子，他描述她时怎么被切碎的；首先横跨胸的宽度，然后是肚子，接着是纵向的切，以便’鸡鸡（pipi）’（在他的想象中，母亲像是也有鸡鸡的），脸和头被很精确地从中间切开，由此“感觉”从她的脑袋里被拿出来了。然后头被再次的倾斜的切开，就像“鸡鸡”横跨它的宽度被切一样。偶尔，他不断地咬住自己的手，然后说他也咬妹妹来取乐，但是当然是出于爱啦。他继续说到，然后每个孩子都拿了妈妈身体一部分，而且被切碎的妈妈之后被吃掉了，这是大家都想要的和同意的。现在看起来同样是，他总是把除法中的余数和商搞混，总是写错地方，因为在他看来，他正无意识地处理的，是肉体中还在流血的部分。这些解释完全移除了他关于除法算术中的抑制。
In a note, Klein adds: ‘The next day in school to his and his mistress’s astonishment, it turned out that he could now do all his sums correctly. (The child had not become aware of the connection between the interpretation and the removal of the inhibition.)’
在一个注释中，克莱因额外说到，“在学校第二天，他和他的女老师的惊讶，证明他现在可以正确地做所有的算术题了。（这个孩子还没有意识到那个解释和抑制的解除之间的联系）”
Klein had discovered that children create frightening phantasies based on misunderstandings of the world fuelled by their anxieties. Uncovering these phantasies could reduce the fear and free children to use their minds fully and creatively. Klein says of her son:
克莱因已经发现，孩子们基于对这个被填满了焦虑的世界的误解，创造出了令人害怕的幻想。揭露这些幻想能够降低恐惧，使孩子们自由的全然地和创造性的发挥他们的心智。克莱因说到他的儿子：
To begin with, before he starts relating things he enquires quite cheerfully whether what he finds ‘horrid’ will, after I have explained it to him, become pleasant again for him just as with the other things so far. He also says that he is not afraid any more of the things that have been explained to him even when he thinks of them. 13
本来，在他开始描述那些他相当兴致勃勃地打听的事情之前，不管他是否发现在我已经把这个解释给他听了之后，“可恶的”意志力对他来说再次变得令人愉快起来，就像目前为止的其他事情一样。他也会说，他不再害怕那些已经解释给他听了的事情了，即使是在他想起它们的时候。
Klein’s new insights turned Freud’s upside down. She saw that we endow the world and everything in it with meaning derived from unconscious phantasies and the anxieties which lie behind these. It is our anxieties, our conflicting impulses and the derived phantasies which lead us to see the things we see and behave in the way we do. In this sense, nothing is neutral. In phantasy all kinds of things are going on, in our heads, in our bodies, in our ‘inner world’. We do not always know it ‘isn’t really like that’; we really do ‘see it that way’. The pains in Elizabeth’s legs were real for her and really blotted out her ‘immoral’ thoughts for a while. ‘Fritz’s’ phantasy about division sums was so convincing that it stopped him doing them. People who believe in witchcraft are really frightened by it. And it is possible that the real atrocities of war which so frighteningly mirror some of the children’s phantasies described by Klein are caused by people acting on infantile phantasies in which people are closer to terrifying monsters or things than to human beings.
克莱因的新见解颠倒了弗洛伊德的观点。她看到我们给这个世界及其中的一切赋予意义，源于无意识的幻想及其后的焦虑。是我们的焦虑，我们相互斗争的冲动和推导出来的幻想，让我们看到我们所看到的东西，以及我们以某种方式表现出来的行为。在这种程度上，没有什么是中立的。在幻想中，所有事物都在进行着，在我们的脑海中，我们的身体上，在我们的“内在世界“”里。我们并不总是知道这“并不是真的如此”；我们确实“以那种方式看”。R小姐的腿疼对她来说就是真的，一时抹去了她的“不道德”的想法。弗里斯的有关除法算术的幻想是如此的令人信服，以至于让他停了下来。相信巫术的人们真的会被此搞怕。令人恐惧地反映了很多孩子的幻想——克莱因所描述的——的战争，其真实的暴行，是由那些将婴儿期幻想付诸行动的人们导致的。在这些幻想中，人们更近似于可怕的怪物或东西，而不是人类。
In his attempts to elucidate the thoughts and memories which lay behind symptoms, Freud found himself being told dreams. In dreams, the ‘censor’ which kept ideas out of consciousness worked differently, and the disguises were easier to penetrate.
在他试图阐明症状背后的想法和回忆时，弗洛伊德发现的是梦。在梦中，使观念处于意识之外的“检查员”的工作方式很不一样，这种伪装是很容易识破的。
He described a young woman whose illness began with a state of confusional excitement during which she displayed a quite special aversion to her mother, hitting and abusing her whenever she came near her bed, while at the same period she was docile and affectionate towards a sister who was many years her senior. This was followed by a period in which she was lucid but somewhat apathetic and suffered from badly disturbed sleep. It was during this phase that I began treating her and analysing her dreams. An immense number of these dreams were concerned, with a greater or less degree of disguise, with the death of her mother: at one time she would be attending an old woman’s funeral, at another she and her sister would be sitting at table dressed in mourning. There could be no question as to the meaning of these dreams. As her condition improved still further, hysterical phobias developed. The most tormenting of these was a fear that something might have happened to her mother. She was obliged to hurry home, wherever she might be, to convince herself that her mother was still alive. 5
他描述一个女人，她的疾病始于一种精神混乱的兴奋状态，这发生在她表现出对母亲的一种特别的厌恶，打她，虐待她，不管什么时候她靠近她的床边。而在同一时期，她对姐姐却很温顺和深情。这发生在一个时期之后，那时她是清醒的但有点冷漠，受严重的睡眠障碍的折磨。是在这个阶段，我开始治疗她，以及分析她的梦。大量的梦涉及到一个或深或浅的程度的伪装，涉及到她母亲的死亡：有一次，她要去参加一个老妇人的葬礼；另一次她和她的姐姐面带愁容坐在桌子上。这些梦的意义是显而易见的。随着她的状况进一步的改善，癔症性恐惧症出现了。这其中最痛苦的是一种恐惧——有什么事会发生在她母亲身上。不管她在哪儿，她会迫使自己赶回家以确保她的母亲还活着。
Freud saw this case as demonstrating the different ways in which hostility to the woman’s mother was expressed, as physical aggression or symbolised in a dream, or defended against by the conscious substitution of the opposite idea as a negation.
弗洛伊德看到这种情况，是在他论证女人对母亲的敌意以不同的方式被压抑时——作为身体攻击或者一个梦中的象征，或者作为一种否认的对立的观念的意识中替代物所抵抗。
It was in the analysis of mental disturbances, then, that Freud discovered symbolism, which he found often linked to disturbing sexual fantasies. When he examined Elizabeth von R.’s painful legs by pinching them, she did not react as someone in pain; instead her face assumed a peculiar expression, which was one of pleasure rather than pain. She cried out – and I could not help thinking that it was as though she was having a voluptuous tickling sensation – her faced flushed, she threw back her head and shut her eyes and her body bent backwards . . . Her expression . . . was probably more in harmony with the subject- matter of the thoughts which lay concealed behind the pain. 6
然而，是在对心理紊乱的分析中，弗洛伊德发现了象征，这些象征经常和令人不安的性幻想联系在一起。当他捏R小姐的痛苦的双腿以作检查时，她并没有像别人那样表现出疼痛。相反的，她的脸有一副古怪的表情，更像是一种快乐而不是痛苦。她放声痛哭——我禁不住的想这就像是她有一种性满足——她红着的脸，她扭过头，闭上眼，身体向后弯曲着......她的表情......很可能和隐藏在疼痛背后的想法的主题是一致的。
A region of her legs had come to represent some aspect of her sexuality. Later Freud discovered that this was an area which had touched her father’s swollen leg while she nursed him as he lay dying. Freud thought we symbolised only things which we did not want to know about, which were repressed, and that these repressed thoughts came out in symptoms. As in the case of Elizabeth von R., the symptoms were over- determined; many unconscious thoughts or fantasies lay behind each one. But Freud saw the symptomatic leg and other symbols as existing in a world of more neutral objects which had no particular psychic significance.
她腿部的一块区域已经表现出她性欲的很多方面。不久后弗洛伊德发现，这是块接触过她父亲的肿胀的腿的区域，当时她在父亲弥留之际看护他。弗洛伊德认为，我们把自己不想知道的被压抑的东西符号化，这些被压抑的想法在症状中出现。就像R小姐的案例中，症状被过度决定了；无意识的想法或幻想在每一个症状的后面。但是弗洛伊德看到那只带着症状的腿和其他的象征，存在于一个更加中性的客体的世界中，这些客体没有什么特殊的精神意义。
Klein: Children’s Play 克莱因：儿童的游戏
Melanie Klein was a mother of young children when she read Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams (1900). Watching her own son playing, making mountains out of her body and running his carriages and people over it; listening to him relating his fantasies about his ‘wiwi’ and ‘making babies’ with his ‘poo’; telling the paper he wiped himself with to ‘eat it up’, she realised that she could interpret his play and his stories as Freud interpreted dreams. In ‘The Development of a Child’, she gives a wealth of examples of her son’s fantasies. 7 For example, ‘the womb figured as a completely furnished house, the stomach particularly was very fully equipped and was even possessed of a bath-tub and a soap-dish. He remarked himself: “I know it isn’t really like that, but I see it that way” ’. 8
当梅兰尼·克莱因读到弗洛伊德的《梦的解析》时，她还是个年幼孩子的母亲。看着自己的儿子玩耍，在她的身体上堆山，让他的马车和人儿翻越它；听他描述关于“尿尿”以及用“便便”“生宝宝”的幻想；跟他擦屁股的纸说“吃完它”，她发现自己能够理解他的游戏和故事，就像弗洛伊德释梦一样。在《一个儿童的发展》的中，她给出了大量的她儿子的幻想的例子。比如，“子宫被当作一个家具齐全的房子，特别是胃被装备的十分齐全，甚至配有一个浴缸和一个肥皂盒。他跟自己说，‘我知道这实际上不是想那样的，但是我是以那样的方式来看的。’”
Freud had begun to think that it was repression of sexual interest which kept phantasies out of conscious awareness and therefore liable to emerge as symptoms, so Klein decided she would try to bring her son up without this repression. She decided to tell him where babies came from. This was revolutionary at the time, and it is not surprising that she could not quite bring herself to explain about the role of the father: besides, the child did not ask. This led to an important discovery. Her son was interested in what she said, but after a while he began asking stereotyped questions about what different things were made of and how they were made. For instance, ‘What is a door made of? – What is the bed made of ? . . . How does all the earth get under the earth? . . . Where do stones, where does water come from? . . .’ Klein explained that ‘There was no doubt that . . . he had completely grasped the answer to these questions and that their recurrence had no intellectual basis. He showed too by his inattentive and absent-minded behaviour while putting the questions that he was really indifferent about the answers in spite of the fact that he asked them with vehemence . . .’ 9 When she saw him gradually losing interest in everything, including being told stories by her, she remembered that a senior analyst had pointed out that the boy was asking about the role of the father in a disguised form. After she explained it to him, the child completely regained his interest in the world, began to play freely and to relate stories to her. 10
弗洛伊德已经开始思考，性兴趣的压抑，使幻想保持在意识的觉察之外的，因此可能作为症状显现出来。所以克莱因决定，她会尝试让孩子不在压抑中长大。她决定告诉他孩子是从哪里来的。这在那时是突破性的，而且她完全不能让自己去解释父亲的角色，这并不令人惊讶，此外孩子也没问。这导向一个重要的发现。她的儿子对她说的很感兴趣，但是一段时间后他开始询问固定不变的问题——有关不同的东西都是由什么做成的，以及怎么做成的。例如，“门是什么做的？床是什么做的？全都是怎么从地球下面弄到的？石头是从哪里来的？水呢？”克莱因解释到，“毫无疑问，他已经全然地领会了这些问题的答案，它们的复现没什么智力基础。当他提出那些他实际上毫不关心其答案的问题时，不管他问这些问题多么的激烈，通过他的漫不经心和心不在焉的行为也表现出了这一点。当她看到他逐渐的失去对任何事情的兴趣时，包括她跟她讲的故事，她想起一个资深的分析师已经指出过的，儿子在以掩饰的形式询问父亲的角色。当她向儿子解释了这一点后，孩子完全重拾他对这个世界的兴趣，开始自由的游戏，开始把故事和她联系起来。
She began to analyse her own children (though she warned her pupils later against doing this, feeling it was too intrusive), then other children and later, adults. Klein, like Freud, began to see that unconscious phantasies could have powerful effects on daily life. Her own son’s temporary inhibition had been cured by her answering an unconscious question, and she found other children with symptoms, who also responded to analysis of their play and speech. Her son had shown her evidence of considerable aggression towards his brother, sister and father; for example, in a game where he cut off their heads; 11 but he later became anxious about these games. Klein realised that it was not just negative adult attitudes towards sexual ideas which could cause children to inhibit their interests or to change their games, but their own internal conflicts, in particular about their fantasies of damaging or destroying those they loved.
她开始分析自己的孩子（尽管后来警告自己的学生不要这样做，感觉这样太有侵入性了），然后是其他的孩子，后来是成年人。就像弗洛伊德，克莱因开始看到无意识幻想对日常生活可以有很强大的影响。她自己的儿子短暂的抑制已经被她解决了，这是通过回答一个无意识的问题做到的。她发现其他有症状的孩子，他们也向分析回应他们的游戏和演讲。她的儿子已经向她显示出了对他兄弟、姐妹和父亲的相当多的攻击性的证据；例如，在一个他切掉了他们的头的游戏中。但是后来他对这些游戏变得焦虑起来。克莱因意识到，这不只是对性想法的负性的成人态度，这些想法能够导致孩子抑制他们的兴趣或者改变他们的游戏。而且是他们自己的内在冲突，特别是在他们伤害或者摧毁他们所爱之人的幻想中。
A child called ‘Fritz’, described in ‘The Role of the School in the Libidinal Development of the Child’, had many difficulties at school, including an inhibition to doing division sums. Klein says that ‘Fritz’told me that in doing division he had first of all to bring down the figure that was required and he climbed up, seized it by the arm and pulled it down. To my enquiry as to what it said to that, he replied that quite certainly it was not pleasant for the number – it was as if his mother stood on a stone 13 yards high and someone came and caught her by the arm so that they tore it out and divided her. . . . He then related . . . that actually every child wants to have a bit of his mother,who is to be cut in four pieces; he depicted quite exactly how she screamed and had paper stuffed in her mouth so that she could not scream, and what kind of faces she made, etc. A child took a very sharp knife, and he described how she was cut up; first across the width of the breast, and then of the belly, then lengthwise so that the ‘pipi’ [in his imagination, mothers also had penises, it seems] , the face and the head were cut exactly through the middle, whereby the ‘sense’ was taken out of her head. The head was then again cut through obliquely just as the ‘pipi’ was cut across its breadth. Betweenwhiles he constantly bit at his hand and said that he bit his sister too for fun, but certainly for love. He continued that every child then took the piece of the mother that it wanted, and agreed that the cut-up mother was then also eaten. It now appeared also that he always confused the remainder with the quotient in division, and always wrote it in the wrong place, because in his mind it was bleeding pieces of flesh with which he was unconsciously dealing. These interpretations completely removed his inhibition with regard to division. 12
在《儿童力比多发展中学校的角色》中描述过的一个叫弗里斯的孩子，他在学校里有很多问题，包括在做除法算术上的抑制。克莱因说，弗里斯告诉我在做除法时，他首先得把必要的数字降低，他爬上去用胳膊拽着，把它拉下来。我询问对此它说了什么，他相当确定的回答说，对这数字来说这并不是个快乐的事——就好像他的母亲高高的站在一个石头花园上，有人过来用胳膊抓到她以便把它撕下来，分割她……然后他说到，实际上每个孩子都想要他的要被切成四块的母亲的一部分；他非常确切地描述，她是怎么大叫的，把纸塞进她的嘴里这样她就不能叫了，她的表情是什么样的，等等。一个孩子带着一把非常锋利的刀子，他描述她时怎么被切碎的；首先横跨胸的宽度，然后是肚子，接着是纵向的切，以便’鸡鸡（pipi）’（在他的想象中，母亲像是也有鸡鸡的），脸和头被很精确地从中间切开，由此“感觉”从她的脑袋里被拿出来了。然后头被再次的倾斜的切开，就像“鸡鸡”横跨它的宽度被切一样。偶尔，他不断地咬住自己的手，然后说他也咬妹妹来取乐，但是当然是出于爱啦。他继续说到，然后每个孩子都拿了妈妈身体一部分，而且被切碎的妈妈之后被吃掉了，这是大家都想要的和同意的。现在看起来同样是，他总是把除法中的余数和商搞混，总是写错地方，因为在他看来，他正无意识地处理的，是肉体中还在流血的部分。这些解释完全移除了他关于除法算术中的抑制。
In a note, Klein adds: ‘The next day in school to his and his mistress’s astonishment, it turned out that he could now do all his sums correctly. (The child had not become aware of the connection between the interpretation and the removal of the inhibition.)’
在一个注释中，克莱因额外说到，“在学校第二天，他和他的女老师的惊讶，证明他现在可以正确地做所有的算术题了。（这个孩子还没有意识到那个解释和抑制的解除之间的联系）”
Klein had discovered that children create frightening phantasies based on misunderstandings of the world fuelled by their anxieties. Uncovering these phantasies could reduce the fear and free children to use their minds fully and creatively. Klein says of her son:
克莱因已经发现，孩子们基于对这个被填满了焦虑的世界的误解，创造出了令人害怕的幻想。揭露这些幻想能够降低恐惧，使孩子们自由的全然地和创造性的发挥他们的心智。克莱因说到他的儿子：
To begin with, before he starts relating things he enquires quite cheerfully whether what he finds ‘horrid’ will, after I have explained it to him, become pleasant again for him just as with the other things so far. He also says that he is not afraid any more of the things that have been explained to him even when he thinks of them. 13
本来，在他开始描述那些他相当兴致勃勃地打听的事情之前，不管他是否发现在我已经把这个解释给他听了之后，“可恶的”意志力对他来说再次变得令人愉快起来，就像目前为止的其他事情一样。他也会说，他不再害怕那些已经解释给他听了的事情了，即使是在他想起它们的时候。
Klein’s new insights turned Freud’s upside down. She saw that we endow the world and everything in it with meaning derived from unconscious phantasies and the anxieties which lie behind these. It is our anxieties, our conflicting impulses and the derived phantasies which lead us to see the things we see and behave in the way we do. In this sense, nothing is neutral. In phantasy all kinds of things are going on, in our heads, in our bodies, in our ‘inner world’. We do not always know it ‘isn’t really like that’; we really do ‘see it that way’. The pains in Elizabeth’s legs were real for her and really blotted out her ‘immoral’ thoughts for a while. ‘Fritz’s’ phantasy about division sums was so convincing that it stopped him doing them. People who believe in witchcraft are really frightened by it. And it is possible that the real atrocities of war which so frighteningly mirror some of the children’s phantasies described by Klein are caused by people acting on infantile phantasies in which people are closer to terrifying monsters or things than to human beings.
克莱因的新见解颠倒了弗洛伊德的观点。她看到我们给这个世界及其中的一切赋予意义，源于无意识的幻想及其后的焦虑。是我们的焦虑，我们相互斗争的冲动和推导出来的幻想，让我们看到我们所看到的东西，以及我们以某种方式表现出来的行为。在这种程度上，没有什么是中立的。在幻想中，所有事物都在进行着，在我们的脑海中，我们的身体上，在我们的“内在世界“”里。我们并不总是知道这“并不是真的如此”；我们确实“以那种方式看”。R小姐的腿疼对她来说就是真的，一时抹去了她的“不道德”的想法。弗里斯的有关除法算术的幻想是如此的令人信服，以至于让他停了下来。相信巫术的人们真的会被此搞怕。令人恐惧地反映了很多孩子的幻想——克莱因所描述的——的战争，其真实的暴行，是由那些将婴儿期幻想付诸行动的人们导致的。在这些幻想中，人们更近似于可怕的怪物或东西，而不是人类。
