The best mystery novels of the Maltese Falcon Dashiell Hammett (The Maltese Falcon)

《马尔他之鹰》最佳推理小说 达希尔·哈米特(The Maltese Falcon )
「马尔他之鹰」——一个长达四世纪暧昧不明的历史秘密，是十六世纪罗德武士（即耶路撒冷圣约翰护卫军团）献给西班牙国王的贡品。这不是一只微不足道的活鸟，而是隻金碧辉煌的鹰，自头至脚装饰著上乘的珠宝。各方人马莫不挖空心思舍命追逐，自阿尔及耳、西西里至巴黎到君士坦丁堡，一路到了美国的旧金山。于此同时，这长达三百多年的历史秘密也闯入了私家侦探山姆·史贝德的生活之中，他的合伙人迈尔斯·亚杰也在这场悬疑的追逐之中丧失了性命。
"The Maltese Falcon"-a secret Fourth century-long history of dubious, is a 16th century luodewushi (that is, St John of Jerusalem security guard corps) give Spain the King tribute. This is not a small live birds, but only Golden Eagle, adorned with fine jewelry from head to foot. Horses they leave no stone unturned to die for chasing, Algiers, Sicily, from Paris to Constantinople, all the way to the United States in San Francisco. At the same time, this secret for more than 300 years of history also broke into the private detective shanmu·shibeide's life, his partner maiersi·yajie in the suspense of the Chase lost their lives.
                
                
《马尔他之鹰》是达希尔·哈米特在其一连串史贝德侦探系列中最著名的一部推理小说，在短短十年内三度被拍成电影，停在1941年的第三次，是因执导的约翰·休士顿用了亨佛莱·鲍嘉饰演其中的冷硬私家侦探山姆·史贝德，使得这部影片成为侦探小说史上无可撼动的第一名片。自此，美国侦探作家协会予其评语：「more than doubled any other」表示胜过其余任何推理电影二倍以上，包括排行二、三名的奥斯卡名片《唐人街》及《沉默的羔羊》，都不及《马尔他之鹰》。
The Maltese Falcon Dashiell Hammett in a string of Shi Beide detective most famous mystery novels in the series, was made into a movie in three of the ten years, the third stopped in 1941, was played by hengfolai·baojia yuehan·xiushidun directed by the chill private detective shanmu·shibeide, making this film a history of detective fiction no shake for the first card. Since then, the United States detective Writers Association for its comments: "more than doubled any other" than any other reason movie more than twice times, ranked Italian designers including Oscar business cards to the Chinatown and the silence of the lambs, is less than the the Maltese Falcon.
一百部最佳推理小说排行榜（MWA版）
时穷节乃见，艰险出英雄——Hammett的《马耳他之鹰》(The Maltese Falcon)文/ 石门居士
读完这本书的第一个感觉，我读到了一本真的侦探小说。
《马耳他之鹰》这篇小说，虽然也被归入了Mystery一类，但它绝对与传统意义上的古典解谜派Mystery有着极大的差别。传统的解谜派推理小说，追求的是离奇的案件，巧妙的线索，匪夷所思的诡计，出人意料的凶手，足智多谋的侦探，等等。总的来看属于智力型的小说，而往往与真实的犯罪差距甚远。而《马耳他之鹰》则不同，小说中的私家侦探所作所为，与现实生活中的侦探十分接近，他们需要将大量的时间花费在与罪犯的斗智斗勇，不仅需要智力、体力，还需要毅力，他们并不像传统的古典神探那样可以优雅地坐在咖啡厅里听着证人的叙述，或者与同僚推演案情的始末。这类小说在西方小说史上亦有专门术语，即hard-boiled crime stories，意为冷硬派犯罪小说或硬汉派小说，它在欧美一直拥有一批相当数量的读者群，而Dashiell Hammett正是奠定冷硬派犯罪小说地位的大师级人物，之后Raymond Chandler又将其发扬光大。
先来说说我读的这个版本。这是美国的Literary Classics of the United States Inc.于1999年出版的Hammett长篇小说全本，收录了他1929年至1934年所写的全部五篇长篇小说，书后并附Dashiell Hammett本人的年表，可以说是一书在手，基本就对于Dashiell Hammett的作品有了一个比较全面的认识了，对于喜爱藏书的朋友是个不错的选择。关于国内的译本，我看到主要有两个，一个是网上可以下载到的十四章版，另一个是上海译文出版社的二十章版。需要特别提醒的是，前者并非是全译本，删除了许多精彩的描写和对话，对于了解Hammett的小说特色是有害无益的；而后者则基本是全译本，如果要读推荐这本，当然如果有朋友愿意把它扫出来与大家共享，那是再好不过了。顺便说一句，网上有很多简写版和普及版的小说，常有删节甚至删章的情况，推理小说中亦有不少，比如以前的《希腊棺材之谜》、《黄屋之谜》都是先有的简写版，对于喜爱推理小说却不明真相的读者来说，其实是相当不好的，我在此也十分建议有心的朋友能够帮助列出简写版的书目，以便于大家阅读时做斟选。我个人所知道的另一本网上流传的简写本，是E.C.Bentley的《特伦特的最后一案》。
当然，就全本来说，《马耳他之鹰》的篇幅也的确不长，二十章，大多数章节都不到十页，再加上情节跌宕起伏，一环扣着一环，让我一拿起就不忍放下，只用了两个晚上就解决了，这大约也算是畅销书的一大特点吧。
小说讲述的故事并不算很复杂，Sam Spade是身处三藩市的私家侦探，他的同事Miles Archer在一次执行任务中不幸遇害，而疑凶在当天的不久之后也被人枪杀。这个看似平常任务远没有表面所见的那么简单，Spade本人也成了凶嫌之一。在与黑白两道同时周旋的过程中，他才发现这一切原来都与一座历史悠久、价值连城的黑鹰雕像有关……
这是十分现代的作品，我甚至觉得，与小说出版的当年相比，它更适合今天读者的审美观念。整个故事情节的发展具有快速而紧凑的节奏，直截了当，完全没有罗罗嗦嗦的旁支末节，所有事件都围绕着主人公Sam Spade的活动展开，而所有人物的性格都是通过字里行间的对话和动作来描写，这些特点都符合了一部好莱坞大片的基本要求，无怪乎小说曾被多次改编为电影，而且也因此更加闻名于世。
Dashiell Hammett这个作者很有意思，当时的英美推理小说界，坐在陈列室里异想天开的有之，坐在书房里冥思苦想的有之，坐在火车上胡思乱想的有之，然而却很少有他这样，来之于生活，取之于生活地描写侦探小说的。他本人长期混迹于美国下层社会，甚至在私人侦探社里打拼，逐渐形成了相对左倾的政治思想，晚年甚至被牵扯到当时席卷全球的共产主义运动之中。他眼里的社会显然与那些饱餐无忧，闲来无事写写推理小说的士绅们有极大的区别。他将他的所见、所闻、所思、所想，一点点积累下来，重新以侦探小说的文学形式再现，终于如一根有灵性的小槌一般敲动了读者的心灵。
《马耳他之鹰》的人物并不多，男女角色就那么几个，并且都以Spade为中心直线铺开。小说没有什么心理活动的描写，但就是这么白描式的语言动作的刻画，就已经将人物一个个立体化地展现到读者面前了。小说不写爱情，而主人公的感情世界却已隐隐约约地袒露于字里行间；小说不渲染恐怖邪恶的气氛，而读者却始终处于一种心悬一线，高度紧张的迫切感中；小说也不花费任何篇幅去探讨案情，去推理各种可能与不可能（最后一章虽稍有例外，但也不远同于传统推理小说的各类精妙推论），然而读者却更被一种追求正义的力量所驱使，不断想去了解一件件事情背后的真相。光就寻宝、夺宝这样的主题而言，小说看起来好象非常俗，没啥新意，假若Hammett的立意仅在于此的话，他也就只能是一个写普通畅销书的二流作家了，我们今天的读者也或许读不到半个多世纪前的这些作品了。Hammett的高明之处在于，所谓的马耳他之鹰其实只是作者在作品中所设下的诱饵，“醉翁之意不在酒”，读者自有恍悟之时，而作者也达到了他真正的目的了。虽然就推理小说本身而言，凶杀案本身这个谜题并不复杂，但小说还是照样利用不像悬念的悬念，将读者一路牵引到底，至少可以这么说，作者在处理这一类型小说的手法上，其功力之深，非一般人所及。
读罢这部小说，我也对于冷硬派犯罪小说有了一个不错的印象。主角始终如一、处变不惊的作派，作者随处布陷、信手拈来的文风也同样令人赞叹。看这样的小说，无须再去温习相应的大片，但其给人留下深刻印象的感觉却较大片有过之而无不及。
总之，对于推理小说爱好者来说，这是一本不可不读的好书；对于非推理小说爱好者而言，这是一本不可多得的好书。
List of 100 best mystery novels (MWA)
Poor sections when it is seen, hard heroes--Hammett Malta Falcon (The Maltese Falcon)/shimenjushi
The first feeling after reading this book, I read a detective novel.
Malta Falcon the novel, though it is included in the Mystery category, but it's definitely traditional classical puzzle Mystery with a great deal of difference. Traditional puzzle mystery novels, the pursuit is a bizarre case, clever clues, incredible tricks, surprises the killer, resourceful detective, and so on. In General belongs to the intellectual novels, and often real crimes far. And Malta of Eagle is different, novel in the of private detective did, and reality life in the of detective is close, they need will large of time spent in and criminals of wits bucket Yong, not only need intelligence, and physical, also need perseverance, they does not like traditional of classical God exploration as can elegant to sat in Cafe in listening to with witnesses of described, or and colleagues deduction case of story. This kind of novel in the history of the Western novel jargon, the hard-boiled crime stories, meaning cold or tough guy novels of crime fiction, it has possession of a considerable number of readers in America and Europe, lay the crime chilled and Dashiell Hammett's novel the Masters after Raymond Chandler and carried forward.
I read the first to talk about this version. This is the United States Literary Classics of the United States Inc. all of Hammett's novel, published in 1999, all collected from 1929 to 1934 he wrote five novels, chronology of the book along with Dashiell Hammett himself, can be said to be a book in the hand, Dashiell Hammett's works have a more comprehensive understanding, Favorite friends of the library is a good choice. On internal translation, I see there are two, one can download online version of Chapter 14, the other is chapter 20, Shanghai translation Publishing House. Is necessary to remind, the former is not complete versions, erased many of the descriptions and dialogue is detrimental to understand Hammett's novels feature; the latter is basically version, if you want to recommend reading this, of course, if you have friends willing to sweep it out and share it, that's good. Way said a sentence, online has many shorthand version and universal version of novel, often abridged even by deleting Chapter of situation, reasoning novel in the also has many, like yiqian of Greece coffin of mystery, and yellow housing of mystery are is first some shorthand version, for love reasoning novel is unknown truth of readers for, actually is quite bad of, I this also is recommends heart of friends can help lists shorthand version of bibliography, to easy everyone reading Shi do pour selected. I personally know of another Internet shorthand, is E.C.Bentley the Trent's last case.
Of course, as far as the whole, Malta Falcon did not long, 20 chapters, most of the sections are less than ten pages, plus the plot the ups and downs, a ring buckle ring, let me pick up the Pat down, only two nights to solve, which is also a best seller about a feature.
Novel telling the story is not very complex, private detective Sam Spade is in San Francisco, his colleague killed Miles Archer during a mission, while the suspect shortly after being shot on the same day. This seemingly mundane task is far from easy as seen on the surface, Spade himself became one of the suspect. While in the process of dealing with black and white road, he found it all with a long history, the billion-dollar Black Hawk statue about ... ...
This is a very modern work, I even feel that, compared with the novels published in that year, it was more appropriate to the reader's aesthetic ideas today. Whole story plot of development has fast and compact of rhythm, straight, completely no Royce suo suo of branch distal, all event are around with hero Sam Spade of activities expand, and all characters of character are is through lines of dialogue and action to description, these features are meet has one Hollywood large of basic requirements, no wonder novel had was times adapted for movie, and also so more is famous for.
The author Dashiell Hammett is very interesting, when American and British mystery novels, sitting in the showroom of whimsical, sat brooding in his study, sitting on the train cranky, yet few have him come to life, taken from the description of detective fiction. His long-term playing in the United States lower, or even fight in the private detective agency, gradually formed a relatively left-leaning political ideas, even in his later years are engaged in the global Communist movement at that time. The society clearly in his eyes and enjoy worry-free, leisure time to writing mystery novels Gentry has a great deal of difference. Him to see, hear, think, think a little accumulated by reverting to the literary forms of reproduction of the detective story, and finally as one spiritual hammer struck the reader's mind.
Malta Falcon figure not many roles so few men and women, and both with Spade as lines spread out from the Center. Description of novels have no mental activity, but language is such a drawing-description of the action, characters have been a solid show to readers. Novel not wrote love, and hero of feelings world is has vaguely to bare Yu lines; novel not rendering terrorist evil of atmosphere, and readers is always in a heart hanging line, height tension of urgent sense in the; novel also not spent any length to discussion case, to reasoning various may and impossible (last a chapter is slightly exception, but also not far with Yu traditional reasoning novel of various subtle inferences), however readers is more was a pursuit Justice of power by driven, constantly wants to to understand a pieces things behind of truth. Ray Hunt, Indiana for this theme, the novel looks like very common, nothing new, if Hammett's idea is this, he can only be a second-rate writer write General bestsellers, our readers may read more than half a century ago, these works. Hammett's brilliant is that, the so-called Malta Falcon is just bait set by the author in the work, "ulterior motives", when the reader's own huangwu, who also reached his true purpose. Although the mystery itself, homicide itself this riddle is not complicated, but the novel is so unlike the suspense suspense, readers to pull all the way to the end, to say the least, on the author's approach to this type of novel, the skill of deep, non-ordinary people.
After reading this novel, I'm also cold crime novels have made a good impression. Lead consistent, panic, author's style collapse, handy everywhere are equally impressive. Reading this story, there is no need to brush up on the large, but to leave a deep impression of feeling larger than.
In short, for Mystery lovers, this book is a good book that is mustreading; for non-Mystery lovers, this is a rare good book.
                
                
Humphrey Bogart and Gladys George in "The Maltese Falcon"
Sam Spade talks with the widow of his late partner Miles Archer, in "The Maltese Falcon".
                
                
Humphrey Bogart, Mary Astor and Jerome Cowan in a Still from The Maltese Falcon
类型：推理 / 侦探小说
价格：CD: 29.95 美元 / pocket book: 8.09 美元
出版：CD: Mystery Masters; Unabridged edition / pocket book: Avon Books
作者：达希尔·哈米特 Dashiell Hammett
朗读：William Dufris
推荐指数：☆☆☆☆
Author profile: （作家小档案）
                
                
达希尔·哈米特（Dashiell Hammett 1894～1961）
美国文学界的奇特之士，受的正统教育不多，从事过的行业无可计数，他曾在美国早期的私家侦探社（平克顿侦探社）工作过，之后便以此为依据，写作出一部部充满社会真实色彩的作品。
他是「冷硬派侦探小说」的开创者，与钱德勒共同打造了美国侦探小说的新世代。一生著作颇丰，约有80篇短篇小说、剧本，其中长篇小说《马尔他之鹰》、《瘦子》、《玻璃钥匙》皆被拍成电影，在影史上皆有一定的评价及地位。汉密特的作品被誉为美国文坛最重要的作品之一，他精练明快的文字风格，对罪恶世界的深彻洞察力，让他成为文学史上姿态最强悍的经典作家，和海明威、福克纳及钱德勒共同代表美国小说最高峰的史诗时代（1920～1950）。
United States literary world of strange men, little formal education, worked in industry cannot be counted, he was in the United States early private detective agencies (Pinkerton Detective Agency), then as a basis, writing out a true color is full of social work.
He is "chilled detective story" Pathfinder, with Chandler and work together to build a United States new generations of the detective story. Life is prolific, about 80 short stories, plays, which the novel the Maltese Falcon, the thin man and the glass key was made into a movie, in history there is some evaluation and status. Hammett's work is known as the United States one of the most important works of literature, he refined and lively writing style, deep penetrating insight of the evil world, makes him the most powerful classics literary posturing, and Hemingway, Faulkner and Chandler work on behalf of United States fiction epic peak times (1920~1950).