英语中委婉语气的表达法
英语中委婉语气的表达法【转自百度文库】
在每一个民族的语言里,或多或少有些关于更礼貌更客气的表达方法,也就是委婉语气表达(overtoneofpoliteness)。西方人的委婉更是出了名的,英语学习者经过长期的英语学习和研究不难发现英语中有许多婉转口气的表达法,它使听话者觉得说话者更有涵养或更容易接受其内容,也使自己显得更有教养。那么如何讲有礼貌的英语呢?下面就用一些例子对此做一些阐述。
1有关请求和命令的婉转说法
这一类言语行为在不同程度上具有冒犯性,因此需要用礼貌的话把它淡化和缓解。试比较:
●Passthewater.(不礼貌)
●Passthewater,please.(使对方容易接受。)
●Wouldyoupassthewater?(试探受话人是否乐意)
●Couldyourpossiblypassthewater?(询问受话人是否有做某事的可能性,很客气)
●Iwouldbeextremelygratefulifyourwouldpassthewater.(假设语气陈述句,很有礼貌)
●Iwonderifyouwouldbegoodenoughtopassthewater.(假设语气,很委婉)
受话人如何给对方答复,现分肯定回答和否定回答来研究。肯定回答:按礼貌程度由低到高排列。
●O.K.
●(Yes,)certainly.
●Yes,byallmeans.
●Ofcourse.I'llbeonlytoopleasedto.
否定回答:当你被别人邀请参加聚会或其他等等活动而你因有事不能参加;或者人家有事相求你又确实帮不了,请求得不到满足,回答使发话人不悦,这时你不妨试试下面这些软否定:No,I'mafraidIcan't;Well,I'dloveto,butactually,I'mafraidIcan'tatpresentbecause...;IwishIcould,but...;I'dloveto,but...;I'dbegladto,but...;I'mafraidnot,...;It'sverykindofyoutosay,but...;I'dliketo...,but...,etc.让我们用一些对话做为例子:
●A:Weplantogotothebeachafterclass,wanttocome?B:I'dloveto,butPro.Joneswantstospeakwithme.
●A:Itneverfails,It'sraininghardoutsideandI'mstuckwithoutanumbrella.
B:I'dliketoletyouhavemine,butIhavetogooutsoon.
●A:Willyougotothemovieswithmetonight?
B:I'dloveto,butI'vecaughtacold.
●A:Couldyoupossiblydomeafavor?
B:Sure,Whatisit?
A:I'vegotaproblem.IhavetofixmytableandIdon'thaveahammer.CouldIpossiblyborrowyours?B:I'msorry.I'mafraidIdon'thaveone.A:Oh.Doyouknowanybodywhodoes?
B:Yes.YoushouldcallCharlie.I'msurehe'llbehappytolendyouhis.A:Thankyou.I'llcallhimrightaway.
●A:It'ssuchafineday,shallwegototheparkforawalk?
B:I'dliketojoinyou,butIfinditchillytowalkoutsideinspiteofthesun.
2劝告的婉转法
试比较下面句子(按从直截了当到较有礼貌的含蓄的劝告表达法排列)
●Yououghttotypethispaper.(有强加于人的意向)
●Youreallyshouldslowdownatyouroffice.
●You'dbettertellhimthetruth.
●I'dadviseyoutotakeavacation.
●Youshouldtakeyourparents'advice,theyknowwhat'sbestforyou.
●IfIwereyou,I'dbuyanothercarwithouthesitation.(含蓄地达到劝告目的)
3建议的表达法试比较:
●Isuggestyougoforsomeadvice.(不够礼貌,用于熟悉的人)
●Iwouldsuggeststartingtheworkatonce.(较委婉)
●Youcanreadthenovelnowifyoulike.(给人选择余地,较客气)
●Youcould/mighthavealookatthenovel.(客气)
●Whynotcallmenextweekend?(有礼貌的建议)
●Whydon'tyoufindadecentjob?(同5))
●Can/may/Could/mightIsuggestthat...?(使受话人容易接受)
●Itwouldbebetterifyoucopythatagain.(假设条件句,容易使人接受)
●IwonderifImightmakethesuggestionthat...(用在正式场合,比如外交家的审慎的辞令风格)
4如何利用某些时态婉转地表达自己种种想法从上面所举例子,我们不难发现英语中有些时态其实并不表示真正的时态,而是与英语中的委婉语气密不可分的,例如:
4.1某些实意动词(want,wonder,think,hope等)的过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时表现在时比直接用现在时态更婉转,如:
●A:Didyouwantme?
B:Yes,Iwonderedifyoucouldgivemesomehelp.
●It'stimeyouhadaholiday.
●Iwishyoulivedclosertous.
●Ifonlyyoulentyourbooktome.
●I'mhopingyou'llgiveussomeadvice.
●I'mwonderingifImayhaveawordwithyou.
●Iwaswondering/wonderedifyou'dliketocomeoutwithmeoneevening.
●Iwashoping/hopedyoucouldsendmesomebooks.
上面所举例子实际上都可以用一般现在时来代替,但是就不如用一般过去时;现在进行时或过去进行时委婉。如:
Iwaswonderingwhetheryoucouldhelpmedosomethingonourwedding.
这是一句非常礼貌的话,比“Couldyouhelpmedosomethingonourwedding?"要客气得多。它用的是过去进行时,表达的意思却是现在。这句话可以翻译成:“不知能否劳驾您在我们婚礼上帮我做点事情?”
如果我们沿用传统的时态概念,把这句话改成后者,那么,整句话的语气大变,显得生硬。更遭的是,句子产生了两种负面意义:我不知道你帮不帮我做这件事;对你否帮我做这事,我持怀疑态度。而用过去进行时,则不会产生以上错误理解。
4.2一些情态动词或其他动词的过去时也用来表示委婉语气,实际上是虚拟语气,表
假设、愿望、建议、猜测、怀疑而已。而没有时间上的差别,如:
●Shemighthavemissedthetrain.(既是虚拟语气,也表委婉)。
●Wemightallhavebeenindulginginanillusion.
●Itmightbeanideatotrythisoneagain.
●Iwouldsuggestyoucopiedthisoutagain.
●Sallycouldn'tlovehim.
●Itwouldbebetterifyouwroteinink..
●You'd(Youhad)betterbecarefulnexttime.
●I'dratheryoufinishedthisoffbeforeFriday.
●I'dratheryoudidn'tlookattheansweroraskothersforhelp.
●ThishandbagcouldbeMary's.
●A:Could/mightIsmokehere?
B:Yes,ofcourseyoucan./No,I'mafraidnot.
●ShouldIturnoffthelight?
●Whatshouldwedonext?
●Ishouldsayheisjusttherightmanforthisjob.
●Ishouldthinkyourapproachiscorrect.
●Idon'tthinkhewouldbesoabsent-minded.
●Itwouldbeapitytostopourworkhalf-way.
●Wouldyouliketostayhereforthenight?
●Whatwouldyouadvisemetodo?
●IfIhadachance,I'dmajorineconomics.
●It'sapityiftheyshouldbesoobstinate
●Iwouldn'tgothereunlesstheyshouldforcemetogo.
●Wewouldreduceourpriceratherthanlosethebusiness.
假如上面例子的时态变成现在时的话,意思虽然没变,但语气就不如用用过去式婉转。这就需要多模仿例句,而不必过多地考虑语法。例如:
●Canyoutellmehowtogettothelibrary?
Couldyoutellmehowtogettothelibrary?(更委婉)
●Willyoupleasecomeandhelpmemakeupthemissingclass?
Wouldyoupleasecomeandhelpmemakeupthemissingclass?(更委婉)
当然这些词的过去式在一定的上下文当中还是有时间差别的,这里就不多举例了。英语的婉转语气表达还可借用其他许多方式,还让我们在学习中多多体会和积累。最后以一段关于一邮递员将一份有关儿子阵亡的电报送与一位母亲的委婉劝慰来减少它对这位母亲的打击的几句话结束此文。
“Yoursonisdead.Maybeit’samistake.Everybodymakesamistake,Mrs.Sandoval.Maybeitwasn’tyourson.Maybeitwassomebodyelse.ThetelegramsaysitwasJuanDomingo.Butmaybethetelegramiswrong.”这儿你感觉到maybe一词在语气上的婉转了吗?
在每一个民族的语言里,或多或少有些关于更礼貌更客气的表达方法,也就是委婉语气表达(overtoneofpoliteness)。西方人的委婉更是出了名的,英语学习者经过长期的英语学习和研究不难发现英语中有许多婉转口气的表达法,它使听话者觉得说话者更有涵养或更容易接受其内容,也使自己显得更有教养。那么如何讲有礼貌的英语呢?下面就用一些例子对此做一些阐述。
1有关请求和命令的婉转说法
这一类言语行为在不同程度上具有冒犯性,因此需要用礼貌的话把它淡化和缓解。试比较:
●Passthewater.(不礼貌)
●Passthewater,please.(使对方容易接受。)
●Wouldyoupassthewater?(试探受话人是否乐意)
●Couldyourpossiblypassthewater?(询问受话人是否有做某事的可能性,很客气)
●Iwouldbeextremelygratefulifyourwouldpassthewater.(假设语气陈述句,很有礼貌)
●Iwonderifyouwouldbegoodenoughtopassthewater.(假设语气,很委婉)
受话人如何给对方答复,现分肯定回答和否定回答来研究。肯定回答:按礼貌程度由低到高排列。
●O.K.
●(Yes,)certainly.
●Yes,byallmeans.
●Ofcourse.I'llbeonlytoopleasedto.
否定回答:当你被别人邀请参加聚会或其他等等活动而你因有事不能参加;或者人家有事相求你又确实帮不了,请求得不到满足,回答使发话人不悦,这时你不妨试试下面这些软否定:No,I'mafraidIcan't;Well,I'dloveto,butactually,I'mafraidIcan'tatpresentbecause...;IwishIcould,but...;I'dloveto,but...;I'dbegladto,but...;I'mafraidnot,...;It'sverykindofyoutosay,but...;I'dliketo...,but...,etc.让我们用一些对话做为例子:
●A:Weplantogotothebeachafterclass,wanttocome?B:I'dloveto,butPro.Joneswantstospeakwithme.
●A:Itneverfails,It'sraininghardoutsideandI'mstuckwithoutanumbrella.
B:I'dliketoletyouhavemine,butIhavetogooutsoon.
●A:Willyougotothemovieswithmetonight?
B:I'dloveto,butI'vecaughtacold.
●A:Couldyoupossiblydomeafavor?
B:Sure,Whatisit?
A:I'vegotaproblem.IhavetofixmytableandIdon'thaveahammer.CouldIpossiblyborrowyours?B:I'msorry.I'mafraidIdon'thaveone.A:Oh.Doyouknowanybodywhodoes?
B:Yes.YoushouldcallCharlie.I'msurehe'llbehappytolendyouhis.A:Thankyou.I'llcallhimrightaway.
●A:It'ssuchafineday,shallwegototheparkforawalk?
B:I'dliketojoinyou,butIfinditchillytowalkoutsideinspiteofthesun.
2劝告的婉转法
试比较下面句子(按从直截了当到较有礼貌的含蓄的劝告表达法排列)
●Yououghttotypethispaper.(有强加于人的意向)
●Youreallyshouldslowdownatyouroffice.
●You'dbettertellhimthetruth.
●I'dadviseyoutotakeavacation.
●Youshouldtakeyourparents'advice,theyknowwhat'sbestforyou.
●IfIwereyou,I'dbuyanothercarwithouthesitation.(含蓄地达到劝告目的)
3建议的表达法试比较:
●Isuggestyougoforsomeadvice.(不够礼貌,用于熟悉的人)
●Iwouldsuggeststartingtheworkatonce.(较委婉)
●Youcanreadthenovelnowifyoulike.(给人选择余地,较客气)
●Youcould/mighthavealookatthenovel.(客气)
●Whynotcallmenextweekend?(有礼貌的建议)
●Whydon'tyoufindadecentjob?(同5))
●Can/may/Could/mightIsuggestthat...?(使受话人容易接受)
●Itwouldbebetterifyoucopythatagain.(假设条件句,容易使人接受)
●IwonderifImightmakethesuggestionthat...(用在正式场合,比如外交家的审慎的辞令风格)
4如何利用某些时态婉转地表达自己种种想法从上面所举例子,我们不难发现英语中有些时态其实并不表示真正的时态,而是与英语中的委婉语气密不可分的,例如:
4.1某些实意动词(want,wonder,think,hope等)的过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时表现在时比直接用现在时态更婉转,如:
●A:Didyouwantme?
B:Yes,Iwonderedifyoucouldgivemesomehelp.
●It'stimeyouhadaholiday.
●Iwishyoulivedclosertous.
●Ifonlyyoulentyourbooktome.
●I'mhopingyou'llgiveussomeadvice.
●I'mwonderingifImayhaveawordwithyou.
●Iwaswondering/wonderedifyou'dliketocomeoutwithmeoneevening.
●Iwashoping/hopedyoucouldsendmesomebooks.
上面所举例子实际上都可以用一般现在时来代替,但是就不如用一般过去时;现在进行时或过去进行时委婉。如:
Iwaswonderingwhetheryoucouldhelpmedosomethingonourwedding.
这是一句非常礼貌的话,比“Couldyouhelpmedosomethingonourwedding?"要客气得多。它用的是过去进行时,表达的意思却是现在。这句话可以翻译成:“不知能否劳驾您在我们婚礼上帮我做点事情?”
如果我们沿用传统的时态概念,把这句话改成后者,那么,整句话的语气大变,显得生硬。更遭的是,句子产生了两种负面意义:我不知道你帮不帮我做这件事;对你否帮我做这事,我持怀疑态度。而用过去进行时,则不会产生以上错误理解。
4.2一些情态动词或其他动词的过去时也用来表示委婉语气,实际上是虚拟语气,表
假设、愿望、建议、猜测、怀疑而已。而没有时间上的差别,如:
●Shemighthavemissedthetrain.(既是虚拟语气,也表委婉)。
●Wemightallhavebeenindulginginanillusion.
●Itmightbeanideatotrythisoneagain.
●Iwouldsuggestyoucopiedthisoutagain.
●Sallycouldn'tlovehim.
●Itwouldbebetterifyouwroteinink..
●You'd(Youhad)betterbecarefulnexttime.
●I'dratheryoufinishedthisoffbeforeFriday.
●I'dratheryoudidn'tlookattheansweroraskothersforhelp.
●ThishandbagcouldbeMary's.
●A:Could/mightIsmokehere?
B:Yes,ofcourseyoucan./No,I'mafraidnot.
●ShouldIturnoffthelight?
●Whatshouldwedonext?
●Ishouldsayheisjusttherightmanforthisjob.
●Ishouldthinkyourapproachiscorrect.
●Idon'tthinkhewouldbesoabsent-minded.
●Itwouldbeapitytostopourworkhalf-way.
●Wouldyouliketostayhereforthenight?
●Whatwouldyouadvisemetodo?
●IfIhadachance,I'dmajorineconomics.
●It'sapityiftheyshouldbesoobstinate
●Iwouldn'tgothereunlesstheyshouldforcemetogo.
●Wewouldreduceourpriceratherthanlosethebusiness.
假如上面例子的时态变成现在时的话,意思虽然没变,但语气就不如用用过去式婉转。这就需要多模仿例句,而不必过多地考虑语法。例如:
●Canyoutellmehowtogettothelibrary?
Couldyoutellmehowtogettothelibrary?(更委婉)
●Willyoupleasecomeandhelpmemakeupthemissingclass?
Wouldyoupleasecomeandhelpmemakeupthemissingclass?(更委婉)
当然这些词的过去式在一定的上下文当中还是有时间差别的,这里就不多举例了。英语的婉转语气表达还可借用其他许多方式,还让我们在学习中多多体会和积累。最后以一段关于一邮递员将一份有关儿子阵亡的电报送与一位母亲的委婉劝慰来减少它对这位母亲的打击的几句话结束此文。
“Yoursonisdead.Maybeit’samistake.Everybodymakesamistake,Mrs.Sandoval.Maybeitwasn’tyourson.Maybeitwassomebodyelse.ThetelegramsaysitwasJuanDomingo.Butmaybethetelegramiswrong.”这儿你感觉到maybe一词在语气上的婉转了吗?
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milly丢 赞了这篇日记 2017-12-21 21:27:01