关于 如何写书评的 一个评价 via知乎

 
     原文链接：http://www.zhihu.com/question/20627343，感谢wsivoky的分享
     摘贴如下：
          这六点来是他的书：『Picked Up Pieces』
1. Try to understand what the author wished to do, and do not blame him for not achieving what he did not attempt.
2. Give him enough direct quotation—at least one extended passage—of the book’s prose so the review’s reader can form his own impression, can get his own taste.
3. Confirm your description of the book with quotation from the book, if only phrase-long, rather than proceeding by fuzzy precis.
4. Go easy on plot summary, and do not give away the ending. (How astounded and indignant was I, when innocent, to find reviewers blabbing, and with the sublime inaccuracy of drunken lords reporting on a peasants’ revolt, all the turns of my suspenseful and surpriseful narrative! Most ironically, the only readers who approach a book as the author intends, unpolluted by pre-knowledge of the plot, are the detested reviewers themselves. And then, years later, the blessed fool who picks the volume at random from a library shelf.)
5. If the book is judged deficient, cite a successful example along the same lines, from the author’s ouevre or elsewhere. Try to understand the failure. Sure it’s his and not yours?
To these concrete five might be added a vaguer sixth, having to do with maintaining a chemical purity in the reaction between product and appraiser. Do not accept for review a book you are predisposed to dislike, or committed by friendship to like. Do not imagine yourself a caretaker of any tradition, an enforcer of any party standards, a warrior in an idealogical battle, a corrections officer of any kind. Never, never (John Aldridge, Norman Podhoretz) try to put the author “in his place,” making him a pawn in a contest with other reviewers. Review the book, not the reputation. Submit to whatever spell, weak or strong, is being cast. Better to praise and share than blame and ban. The communion between reviewer and his public is based upon the presumption of certain possible joys in reading, and all our discriminations should curve toward that end.
大致意思是：
1. 尽量去理解作者想写出什么，同时也不要责备他没能写出他根本就不想去写的。
2. 给出足够的原文引用 —— 至少较长的一段，这样读者看到此文就会产生他自己的印象，获得他自己口味。
3. 评论够短的话，请直接引用原文，不要给一些模糊不清的结论。
4. 主要部分的评论，慢慢来，不要言辞激烈而愚蠢，别丢掉了结尾部分。
5. 对差评，看看那部分中写得好的地方，试图去理解为什么没写好。搞清楚那是他的失败，还是你自己的评论不对。
6. 绝对客观和中立。