Learn English: Absolute Structure

原文
测试：Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its B. whose C. which D. that
答案：A
1)名词/代词+形容词
The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in the water, with their officers guiding them.
It stood silent in the noon sunlight, its door open.
2）名词/代词+现在分词
Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散步。
The question having being settled, we wound up the meeting.问题解决之后，我们结束了会议。
3）名词/代词+过去分词
“Marquis,” said the boy, turning to the man, his eyes opened wide, and his right hand raised.
4）名词/代词（主格）+不定式
We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the procession to start moving at precisely eleven. 我们十点四十五分集合，队伍十一点准时出发。
Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. 这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。
We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor. 我们进行了分工，他擦窗户，我扫地。
The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friend’s. 两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。
5）名词/代词+介词短语
I followed him here, climbed in, sword in hand. 我手里拿着剑跟着他爬了进去。
The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand. 那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
He sat at the table, coat off, head down, and pen in hand.
6）名词/代词+副词
Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away.
Lunch over, he left the house. But he was thinking.
7）名词/代词+名词
he fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。
8）with+名词+分词（或形容词、副词、不定式等）
He was asleep with his head on his arms.他枕着自己的胳膊入眠。
With John away,we have got more room.约翰走了，我们得到了更大空间。