[每日翻译] Honoring Martin Luther King Jr.: A Day to Serve Others
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Honoring Martin Luther King Jr.: A Day to Serve Others
马丁•路德•金纪念日：为他人服务的日子
Martin Luther King Jr. once said: “Life’s most persistent and urgent question is: ‘What are you doing for others?’” Each year, on Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Americans attempt to answer that question by performing community service.
马丁•路德•金（Martin Luther King Jr.）曾经说过：“一个人一辈子要回答的最频繁、最急迫的问题是：‘你在为他人做些什么？’”每一年，美国人民在马丁•路德•金纪念日（Martin Luther King Jr. Day）都通过提供社区服务来努力回答这个问题。
Born on January 15, 1929, King became a Baptist minister and devoted his life to ensuring equal rights for African Americans and other minorities. King’s work caught the attention of the entire world, creating what he called a “coalition of conscience,” which helped change American society and create new U.S. laws protecting civil rights.
马丁•路德•金于1929年1月15日出生，后来成为浸礼会牧师。他毕生投身于为非洲裔美国人和其他少数族裔争取平等权利的事业。马丁•路德•金所作的努力引起了全世界的关注，形成了他所说的“良知的联盟”，促进了美国社会的变革，并催生了保护民权的美国法律。
King fought for the rights of African Americans in all aspects of American life. For example, he protested laws that required blacks to give up their seats to whites on public buses. In 1955, he led a boycott of the public bus system in Montgomery, Alabama, that lasted 385 days. It ended with a U.S. district court ruling that ended racial segregation on all Montgomery public buses. And in August 1963, King led hundreds of thousands of civil rights supporters in a march on Washington. It was at this event that King stood on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and delivered his celebrated "I Have a Dream" speech, in which he said, “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.’”
马丁•路德•金为使非洲裔美国人在美国社会的各个方面享有权利而奋斗。例如，他对要求黑人在公交车上给白人让座的法律提出抗议。1955年,他在阿拉巴马州(Alabama)蒙哥马利市(Montgomery)领导了为期385天的公交车系统罢乘运动。该运动以美国地区法院裁决在蒙哥马利市所有公交车上终止实行种族隔离而宣告结束。1963年8月，马丁•路德•金领导了数十万民权支持者参加在华盛顿的游行集会。就是在这次集会上，马丁•路德•金站在林肯纪念堂(Lincoln Memorial)的台阶上发表了他最著名的演讲《我有一个梦想》( I Have a Dream)。他在演讲中说：“我梦想有一天，这个国家会站立起来，真正实现其信条的真谛：‘我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的，人人生而平等。’”
In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his work to end racial segregation and racial discrimination. He used his prize money to further the objectives of the civil rights movement.
1964年，马丁•路德•金因其为铲除种族隔离和种族歧视而付出的努力成为最年轻的诺贝尔和平奖（Nobel Peace Prize）得主。他将这笔奖金用于进一步推进民权运动目标的事业。
In addition to being a champion for the civil rights of African Americans, King advocated for the rights of workers. In 1965, King said: “The labor movement [in the United States] was the principal force that transformed misery and despair into hope and progress. Out of its bold struggles, economic and social reform gave birth to unemployment insurance, old-age pensions, government relief for the destitute and above all new wage levels that meant not mere survival, but a tolerable life.”
除了捍卫非洲裔的民权外，他还主张维护劳工权利。他在1965年说：“[美国的]劳工运动是变苦难和绝望为希望和进步的主要力量。由于劳工的英勇斗争及经济和社会改革，失业保险、养老金、政府济贫项目逐一出台，最重要的是，制定了新的工资标准，使劳工不仅能够维持生存而且能保障温饱有余的生活。”
King believed that all labor has dignity and that economic justice was a critical component for civil rights reform. In a 1968 speech, King asked: “What does it profit a man to be able to eat at an integrated lunch counter if he doesn’t earn enough money to buy a hamburger and a cup of coffee?”
马丁•路德•金认为，所有劳工都应享有尊严，经济公正是民权改革的一项重要内容。他在1968年的一次演讲中问道：“如果有人挣不到足够买一个汉堡包和一杯咖啡的钱，那么能在一个取消隔离的午餐馆用餐又能使他得到什么好处呢？”
On April 4, 1968, while standing on the balcony of his motel room in Memphis, Tennessee, King was assassinated by James Earl Ray, a white supremacist with a long criminal record. King had been in Memphis to lead a protest march in sympathy with striking sanitation workers of that city.
1968年4月4日，马丁•路德•金在田纳西州孟菲斯（Memphis, Tennessee）一家汽车旅馆的阳台上被一名罪行累累的白人至上主义者詹姆斯·雷伊（James Earl Ray）刺杀。马丁•路德•金前往孟菲斯是为了领导支持该市清洁工人大罢工的抗议游行。
A campaign to honor King began soon after his death. In 1983, President Ronald Reagan signed legislation making the third Monday of January each year a national holiday to commemorate King. In 1994, the U.S. Congress designated the King holiday as a national day of service, calling on Americans from every walk of life to help realize King’s vision of a “beloved community” by volunteering their time and effort to help others.
在他去世后不久，在美国掀起了一场纪念他的运动。1983年，罗纳德·里根（Ronald Reagan）总统签署法案，确定每年一月份的第三个星期一为纪念马丁•路德•金的全国法定假日。1994年，美国国会将马丁•路德•金纪念日确定为全国服务日，号召各行各业的美国人在那一天志愿奉献自己的时间和精力，帮助实现马丁·路德·金提出的“至爱社区”的愿景。
Honoring Martin Luther King Jr.: A Day to Serve Others
马丁•路德•金纪念日：为他人服务的日子
Martin Luther King Jr. once said: “Life’s most persistent and urgent question is: ‘What are you doing for others?’” Each year, on Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Americans attempt to answer that question by performing community service.
马丁•路德•金（Martin Luther King Jr.）曾经说过：“一个人一辈子要回答的最频繁、最急迫的问题是：‘你在为他人做些什么？’”每一年，美国人民在马丁•路德•金纪念日（Martin Luther King Jr. Day）都通过提供社区服务来努力回答这个问题。
Born on January 15, 1929, King became a Baptist minister and devoted his life to ensuring equal rights for African Americans and other minorities. King’s work caught the attention of the entire world, creating what he called a “coalition of conscience,” which helped change American society and create new U.S. laws protecting civil rights.
马丁•路德•金于1929年1月15日出生，后来成为浸礼会牧师。他毕生投身于为非洲裔美国人和其他少数族裔争取平等权利的事业。马丁•路德•金所作的努力引起了全世界的关注，形成了他所说的“良知的联盟”，促进了美国社会的变革，并催生了保护民权的美国法律。
King fought for the rights of African Americans in all aspects of American life. For example, he protested laws that required blacks to give up their seats to whites on public buses. In 1955, he led a boycott of the public bus system in Montgomery, Alabama, that lasted 385 days. It ended with a U.S. district court ruling that ended racial segregation on all Montgomery public buses. And in August 1963, King led hundreds of thousands of civil rights supporters in a march on Washington. It was at this event that King stood on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and delivered his celebrated "I Have a Dream" speech, in which he said, “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.’”
马丁•路德•金为使非洲裔美国人在美国社会的各个方面享有权利而奋斗。例如，他对要求黑人在公交车上给白人让座的法律提出抗议。1955年,他在阿拉巴马州(Alabama)蒙哥马利市(Montgomery)领导了为期385天的公交车系统罢乘运动。该运动以美国地区法院裁决在蒙哥马利市所有公交车上终止实行种族隔离而宣告结束。1963年8月，马丁•路德•金领导了数十万民权支持者参加在华盛顿的游行集会。就是在这次集会上，马丁•路德•金站在林肯纪念堂(Lincoln Memorial)的台阶上发表了他最著名的演讲《我有一个梦想》( I Have a Dream)。他在演讲中说：“我梦想有一天，这个国家会站立起来，真正实现其信条的真谛：‘我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的，人人生而平等。’”
In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his work to end racial segregation and racial discrimination. He used his prize money to further the objectives of the civil rights movement.
1964年，马丁•路德•金因其为铲除种族隔离和种族歧视而付出的努力成为最年轻的诺贝尔和平奖（Nobel Peace Prize）得主。他将这笔奖金用于进一步推进民权运动目标的事业。
In addition to being a champion for the civil rights of African Americans, King advocated for the rights of workers. In 1965, King said: “The labor movement [in the United States] was the principal force that transformed misery and despair into hope and progress. Out of its bold struggles, economic and social reform gave birth to unemployment insurance, old-age pensions, government relief for the destitute and above all new wage levels that meant not mere survival, but a tolerable life.”
除了捍卫非洲裔的民权外，他还主张维护劳工权利。他在1965年说：“[美国的]劳工运动是变苦难和绝望为希望和进步的主要力量。由于劳工的英勇斗争及经济和社会改革，失业保险、养老金、政府济贫项目逐一出台，最重要的是，制定了新的工资标准，使劳工不仅能够维持生存而且能保障温饱有余的生活。”
King believed that all labor has dignity and that economic justice was a critical component for civil rights reform. In a 1968 speech, King asked: “What does it profit a man to be able to eat at an integrated lunch counter if he doesn’t earn enough money to buy a hamburger and a cup of coffee?”
马丁•路德•金认为，所有劳工都应享有尊严，经济公正是民权改革的一项重要内容。他在1968年的一次演讲中问道：“如果有人挣不到足够买一个汉堡包和一杯咖啡的钱，那么能在一个取消隔离的午餐馆用餐又能使他得到什么好处呢？”
On April 4, 1968, while standing on the balcony of his motel room in Memphis, Tennessee, King was assassinated by James Earl Ray, a white supremacist with a long criminal record. King had been in Memphis to lead a protest march in sympathy with striking sanitation workers of that city.
1968年4月4日，马丁•路德•金在田纳西州孟菲斯（Memphis, Tennessee）一家汽车旅馆的阳台上被一名罪行累累的白人至上主义者詹姆斯·雷伊（James Earl Ray）刺杀。马丁•路德•金前往孟菲斯是为了领导支持该市清洁工人大罢工的抗议游行。
A campaign to honor King began soon after his death. In 1983, President Ronald Reagan signed legislation making the third Monday of January each year a national holiday to commemorate King. In 1994, the U.S. Congress designated the King holiday as a national day of service, calling on Americans from every walk of life to help realize King’s vision of a “beloved community” by volunteering their time and effort to help others.
在他去世后不久，在美国掀起了一场纪念他的运动。1983年，罗纳德·里根（Ronald Reagan）总统签署法案，确定每年一月份的第三个星期一为纪念马丁•路德•金的全国法定假日。1994年，美国国会将马丁•路德•金纪念日确定为全国服务日，号召各行各业的美国人在那一天志愿奉献自己的时间和精力，帮助实现马丁·路德·金提出的“至爱社区”的愿景。
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