Hegelian and interpretation of Marx
1. The reception of a great thinker
Reception variable but sometimes very long
Marx is a greater thinker and it is possible that we do not as yet understand much about his position.
Idea is to read Marx differently
2. Marx debate in China
Chinese Marxism dominated by political considerations; it also exhibits a weak grasp of Hegel and GI.
3. Western Marx debate
Western Marxism is dominated by Hegelian Marxism
Marxist humanism and theoretical anti-humanism
Soviet Union and western Marxism
4. Conditions for rereading Marx
1> Marxism
2> Hegel
3> Political economy
4> The Marxian model of modern industrial society
Students of Marx and Marxism often fail to distinguish Marx and Marxism, e.g. Habermas
Hegel is not simply someone to whom Marx reacts.
The central idea of Marxian political economy is his comprehension of the historical, hence transitory character of modern industrial society.
5. Understanding Marxism
Tendency to confuse Marx and Marxism, which are very different.
This confusion is frequent since: (1) Marx and Engels interacted frequently and closely over a period of more than forty years; (2) Engels’ texts are easy to comprehended, always easier to comprehend than Marx’s, (3) Engels notoriously stresses that that Marx and he formulated a single position that they worked out together, Marx more than Engels and (4) Marx is often considered, certainly by Marxists, to be an economist, whereas Engels presents himself modestly, it is true, still perhaps not modestly enough, as a philosopher. See Stalin‘s view.
-It is true to say that Marx and Engels share the same political perspective, but false and misleading to think they share the same or even a similar philosophical perspective,
-Lenin on Marx and Marxism
-Engels’s weak grasp of philosophy and faith in science: praxis and industry suffice to overcome the unknowable Kantian thing in itself.
-Engels constructs his view of philosophical tradition in borrowing from Heine, Fichte, and Schelling: Heine thinks the philosophical tradition reaches its peak and end in Hegel. Fichte believes that one is either an idealist or a materialist, but one cannot be both; Schelling holds that the so-called negative philosophy illustrated by Hegel, cannot understand existence. According to Engels, idealism comes down earth in movement from thought to being that it cannot comprehend; whereas materialism rises up from the real world it and it alone can finally know. Idealism is incompatible with materialism, which is later completed by Marx.
6. How to reread Hegel in non-Marxist fashion
Idealism generally follows the constructivist path opened by Kant in the Copernican revolution.
Post-Kantian German idealism carries the Copernican revolution beyond the critical philosophy.
Aim-to solve the problem of knowledge
Post-Kantian German idealism as an effort to complete the Copernican revolution in solving the problem of knowledge from an idealist perspective.
Hegel transforms post-Kantian German idealism into a deeply historical theory.
7. How should we reread the relation of Marx to Hegel?
-Marx, who follows a constructivist philosophical approach, is hence, an idealist in this sense.
Constructivism presupposes a conception of the subject as basically active.
-Marx’s view of the subject is influenced by Fichte’s view.
-The Marxian subject produces commodities, relations between human beings and things, as well as relations between human beings, and finally produces itself, the active subject in the social context that it constructs through its productive activity.
-According to Marx, what is not possible in the capitalist phase of social evolution will finally become a real possibility in the communist phase.
-In producing themselves within the capitalist society that they produce, finite men and women arguably produce as well the transition from capitalism to communism, from the stage of prehistory that is finally human history.
-According to Marx, we can only know the social world because we have so to speak constructed or again made.
-Marx follows Vico, another philosophical constructivist, who thinks the history is different from nature, we cannot know it; but since we make history, we can know it.
-The distinction between materialism and idealism, which is often understood as the central distinction founding Marxism, is not a distinction between two forma of idealism.
-Marx does not follow the reflection theory of knowledge, introduced by Engels into Marxism; he rather follows Hegel, who has a categorical approach to experience.
-the proletariat is not the grave digger of capitalism and Marx is not the grave digger of German idealism. He is the last great German idealist.
Reception variable but sometimes very long
Marx is a greater thinker and it is possible that we do not as yet understand much about his position.
Idea is to read Marx differently
2. Marx debate in China
Chinese Marxism dominated by political considerations; it also exhibits a weak grasp of Hegel and GI.
3. Western Marx debate
Western Marxism is dominated by Hegelian Marxism
Marxist humanism and theoretical anti-humanism
Soviet Union and western Marxism
4. Conditions for rereading Marx
1> Marxism
2> Hegel
3> Political economy
4> The Marxian model of modern industrial society
Students of Marx and Marxism often fail to distinguish Marx and Marxism, e.g. Habermas
Hegel is not simply someone to whom Marx reacts.
The central idea of Marxian political economy is his comprehension of the historical, hence transitory character of modern industrial society.
5. Understanding Marxism
Tendency to confuse Marx and Marxism, which are very different.
This confusion is frequent since: (1) Marx and Engels interacted frequently and closely over a period of more than forty years; (2) Engels’ texts are easy to comprehended, always easier to comprehend than Marx’s, (3) Engels notoriously stresses that that Marx and he formulated a single position that they worked out together, Marx more than Engels and (4) Marx is often considered, certainly by Marxists, to be an economist, whereas Engels presents himself modestly, it is true, still perhaps not modestly enough, as a philosopher. See Stalin‘s view.
-It is true to say that Marx and Engels share the same political perspective, but false and misleading to think they share the same or even a similar philosophical perspective,
-Lenin on Marx and Marxism
-Engels’s weak grasp of philosophy and faith in science: praxis and industry suffice to overcome the unknowable Kantian thing in itself.
-Engels constructs his view of philosophical tradition in borrowing from Heine, Fichte, and Schelling: Heine thinks the philosophical tradition reaches its peak and end in Hegel. Fichte believes that one is either an idealist or a materialist, but one cannot be both; Schelling holds that the so-called negative philosophy illustrated by Hegel, cannot understand existence. According to Engels, idealism comes down earth in movement from thought to being that it cannot comprehend; whereas materialism rises up from the real world it and it alone can finally know. Idealism is incompatible with materialism, which is later completed by Marx.
6. How to reread Hegel in non-Marxist fashion
Idealism generally follows the constructivist path opened by Kant in the Copernican revolution.
Post-Kantian German idealism carries the Copernican revolution beyond the critical philosophy.
Aim-to solve the problem of knowledge
Post-Kantian German idealism as an effort to complete the Copernican revolution in solving the problem of knowledge from an idealist perspective.
Hegel transforms post-Kantian German idealism into a deeply historical theory.
7. How should we reread the relation of Marx to Hegel?
-Marx, who follows a constructivist philosophical approach, is hence, an idealist in this sense.
Constructivism presupposes a conception of the subject as basically active.
-Marx’s view of the subject is influenced by Fichte’s view.
-The Marxian subject produces commodities, relations between human beings and things, as well as relations between human beings, and finally produces itself, the active subject in the social context that it constructs through its productive activity.
-According to Marx, what is not possible in the capitalist phase of social evolution will finally become a real possibility in the communist phase.
-In producing themselves within the capitalist society that they produce, finite men and women arguably produce as well the transition from capitalism to communism, from the stage of prehistory that is finally human history.
-According to Marx, we can only know the social world because we have so to speak constructed or again made.
-Marx follows Vico, another philosophical constructivist, who thinks the history is different from nature, we cannot know it; but since we make history, we can know it.
-The distinction between materialism and idealism, which is often understood as the central distinction founding Marxism, is not a distinction between two forma of idealism.
-Marx does not follow the reflection theory of knowledge, introduced by Engels into Marxism; he rather follows Hegel, who has a categorical approach to experience.
-the proletariat is not the grave digger of capitalism and Marx is not the grave digger of German idealism. He is the last great German idealist.
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