柏拉图-会饮-阿尔喀比亚德颂扬苏格拉底
诸位，要颂扬苏格拉底，我打算用些比喻来说。
他自己也许以为我这样办，是要和他开玩笑，
请他放心，我用的比喻是要说明真理，不是要开玩笑。
首先我要说，他活象雕刻铺里摆着的那些西勒诺斯象，
雕刻家们把他们雕成手执管笛，身子由左右两半合成，
如果打开来，你会看且里面隐藏着神象。
其次我要说，他象林神马西亚斯。
I'll try to praise Socrates, my friends, but I'll have to use an image.
And though he may think I'm trying to make fun of him,
I assure you my image is no joke: it aims at the truth.
Look at him! Isn't he just like a statue of Silenus?
You know the kind of statue I mean;
you'll find them in any shop in town.
It's a Silenus sitting, his flute or his pipes in his hands, and it's hollow.
It's split right down the middle,
and inside it's full of tiny statues of the gods.
Now look at him again! Isn't he also just like the satyr Marsyas?
苏格拉底，你在外表上和这些林神们相象，
我想连你自己也不会辩驳。
至于其他类似点，且听我说来。
Nobody, not even you, Socrates, can deny that you look like them.
But the resemblance goes beyond appearance, as you're about to hear.
你是一个厉害的嘲笑家，不是吗?
如果你否认，我可以拿出证据来。
你不是一个吹笛手吗?你是的，而且比林神还更高明。
林神用嘴唇来叫人心蔼神怡，还要靠乐器，
现在任何人用林神的调子来吹笛，都可以发生同样效果一一
奥林普斯所吹的那些调子我认为还是马西亚斯教给他的一一
所以无论是谁，吹笛的名手也好，普通吹笛女子也好，
只要能吹林神的调子，就有力量使人们欢欣鼓舞，
显示出听众中哪些人需要神的保佑或是参与秘密仪式；
只有林神的一些调子有这种力量，因为它们是神性的。
马西亚斯和你只有一个分别，苏格拉底，
你不消用乐器，只用单纯的话语，就能产生同样的效果。
若是旁人在说话，尽管他是第一流辩才，我们丝毫不感兴趣；
但是一且听到你说话，或是听旁人转述你的话，
尽管转述的人口才坏，马上我们无论男女老少就都欢欣鼓舞起来了。
You are impudent, contemptuous, and vile! No?
If you won't admit it, I'll bring witnesses.
And you're quite a fluteplayer, aren't you?
In fact, you're much more marvelous than Marsyas,
who needed instruments to cast his spells on people.
And so does anyone who plays his tunes today-
for even the tunes Olympus played are Marsyas' work,
since Olympus learned everything from him.
Whether they are played by the greatest flautist or the meanest flute-girl,
his melodies have in themselves the power to possess
and so reveal those people who are ready for the god and his mysteries.
That's because his melodies are themselves divine.
The only difference between you and Marsyas is that you need no instruments;
you do exactly what he does, but with words alone.
You know, people hardly ever take a speaker seriously,
even if he's the greatest orator;
but let anyone-man, woman, or child-
listen to you or even to a poor account of what you say-
and we are all transported, completely possessed.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
就拿我自己来说吧，朋友们，
若是不怕你们说我醉酒说疯话，
我可以向你们发誓来声明他的言辞对我发生过什样稀奇的影响，
这影响就连在现在我还感觉到。
If I were to describe for you
what an extraordinary effect his words have always had on me
(I can feel it this moment even as I'm speaking),
you might actually suspect that I'm drunk!
我每逢听他就话，心就狂跳起来，
比科里班特们在狂欢时还跳得更厉害；
他的话一进到我的耳里，眼泪就会夺眶而出，
我看见过大群的听众也表现出和我的同样情绪。
Still, I swear to you, the moment he starts to speak,
I am beside myself: my heart starts leaping in my chest,
the tears come streaming down my face,
even the frenzied Corybantes seem sane compared to me-
and, let me tell you, I am not alone.
我也听过伯里克理斯和许多其他大演在家，
他们的辩才固然也使我钦佩，
可是我从来没有遇过听苏格拉底的那样的经验，
从来不觉得神魂颠倒，从来不自恨象奴隶一样屈伏。
I have heard Pericles and many other great orators,
and I have admired their speeches.
But nothing like this ever happened to me:
they never upset me so deeply
that my very own soul started protesting that my life-my life!
was no better than the most miserable slave's.
但是每逢听这位马西亚斯，我常感觉到我所过的这样生活简直过不下去。
苏格拉底，我这番话是你都无法否认的。
就连在此刻，我还有这样感觉；
若是我肯听他，就得凭他支配，就得再发生同样的情绪。
And yet that is exactly how this Marsyas here at my side makes me feel all the time:
he makes it seem that my life isn't worth living!
You can't say that isn't true, Socrates.
I know very well that you could make me feel that way this very moment
if I gave you half a chance.
他曾逼我承认，我在许多方面都还欠缺，
因为我参预雅典的政事，就忽略了我自己的修养。
He always traps me, you see,
and he makes me admit that my political career is a waste of time,
while all that matters is just what I most neglect:
my personal shortcomings,
which cry out for the closest attention.
因此我勉强掩耳逃避他，象逃避莎林仙女一样，怕的是坐在他身边要一直坐到老。
So I refuse to listen to him;
I stop my ears and tear myself away from him, for, like the Sirens,
he could make me stay by his side till I die.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
我生平从来不在人前感到羞愧，
他是唯一的人使我对他感到羞愧，这是出人意料的。
向他领教的时候，我对他劝我怎样立身处世的话一句也不能反驳，
可是一离开了他，我还是不免逢迎世俗 。
我老是逃避他，但是一旦到他的面，想到从前对他的诺言，就感到羞愧。
我有时甚至愿望他不在人世，
可是假如他真正死了，我会感到更大的痛苦。
所以我真不知怎样对付这家伙才好。
Socrates is the only man in the world who has made me feel shame-
ah,you didn't think I had it in me, did you?
Yes, he makes me feel ashamed:
I know perfectly well that I can't prove he's wrong when he tells me what I should do;
yet, the moment I leave his side, I go back to myoId ways:
I cave in to my desire to please the crowd.
My whole life has become one constant effort to escape from him and keep away,
but when I see him, I feel deeply ashamed,
because I'm doing nothing about my way of life,
though I have already agreed with him that I should.
Sometimes, believe me, I think I would be happier if he were dead.
And yet I know that if he dies I'll be even more miserable.
I can't live with him, and I can't live without him! What can I do about him?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
我们这位林神怎样用他的笛调迷惑了我，还迷惑了许多旁人，我已经说过了。
现在我要告诉你们，在旁的方面他多么象我所比喻的，他有多么神奇的威力。
我敢说，你们中间没有一个人能了解他，现在我要继续揭开他的面具，既然我已经开始了。
That's the effect of this satyr's music-on me and many others.
But that's the least of it.
He's like these creatures in all sorts of other ways;
his powers are really extraordinary.
Let me tell you about them, because, you can be sure of it,
none of you really understands him.
But, now I've started, I'm going to show you what he really is.
你们看看，苏格拉底对于美少年们是什样多情，
他时时刻刻地缠着他们献殷勤，一见到他俩就欢天喜地的。
再看，他多么蠢，什么也不知道，至少是他装得象这样。
这一点不活象西勒诺斯吗?
这是他戴的外壳，象雕刻的西勒诺斯的那种外壳一样。
但是你如果把他剖开，看看他的里面，
亲爱的酒友们，你们想不到他里面隐藏着那一大肚子的智慧!
我告前你们，人的美毫不在他眼里，他怎样鄙视它，是你们想象不到的。
他也瞧不起财富，以及一般世俗所欣羡的那些东西。
To begin with, he's crazy about beautiful boys;
he constantly follows them around in a perpetual daze.
Also, he likes to say he's ignorant and knows nothing.
Isn't this just like Silenus? Of course it is!
And all this is just on the surface,
like the outsides of those statues of Silenus.
I wonder, my fellow drinkers,
if you have any idea what a sober and temperate man he proves to be once you have looked inside.
Believe me, it couldn't matter less to him whether a boy is beautiful.
You can't imagine how little he cares
whether a person is beautiful, or rich, or famous in any other way that most people admire.
这一切都不在他眼里，我们这一班人也都不在他眼里，
他一生都在讥嘲世间人。
可是到了他认真的时候，把肚子剖开的时候，
那里面所藏的神象就露出来了，旁人看见过没有，我不知道，
我自己却亲眼见过，
发现它们是那样的神圣，珍贵，优美，奇妙，
使我不由自主地五体投地，一切服从他的意志。
He considers all these possessions beneath contempt,
and that's exactly how he considers all of us as well.
In public, I tell you, his whole life is one big game-a game of irony.
I don't know if any of you have seen him when he's really serious.
But I once caught him when he was open like Silenus' statues,
and I had a glimpse of the figures he keeps hidden within:
they were so godlike-so bright and beautiful, so utterly amazing-
that I no longer had a choice-I just had to do whatever he told me.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
我以为他对我的年轻貌美有真正的爱情，
自幸这是一个很吉利的兆应和运气，
希望可以用我的恩情换取他的教诲，把他所知道的都教给我。
我向来颇自豪，以为自己的年轻貌美是无人能比的。
从前我去访苏格拉底，常带一个随从，
以后因为心里有了这个计算，就把这个随从打发走，我单独一个人去看他。
这里我必须把实情和盘托出，请你们专心听着，
苏格拉底你也听着，如果我说谎，你随时可以反驳。
What I thought at the time was that what he really wanted was me,
and that seemed to me the luckiest coincidence:
all I had to do was to let him have his way with me,
and he would teach me everything he knew-believe me,
I had a lot of confidence in my looks.
Naturally, up to that time we'd never been alone together;
one of my attendants had always been present.
But with this in mind, I sent the attendant away, and met Socrates alone.
(You see, in this company I must tell the whole truth: so pay attention.
And, Socrates, if I say anything untrue, I want you to correct me.)
朋友们，我去会他，只有他和我面对面，
我指望着他要趁这个机会向我说一点情人私下向爱人所说的话，心里甚为快活。
可是我的指望落得一场空，什么也没有，他只和平时一样和我交谈，
一天完了，把我放下，自己就走了。
So there I was, my friends, alone with him at last.
My idea, naturally, was that he'd take advantage of the opportunity
to tell me whatever it is that lovers say when they find themselves alone;
I relished the moment.
But no such luck! Nothing of the sort occurred.
Socrates had his usual sort of conversation with me,
and at the end of the day he went off.
这次失败之后，我邀他陪我到健身房去做运动。
我和他交手练拳，心想这回可以达到我的愿望。
他和我交过几次手，没有一个旁人在场。
哼，还有什么可说的!一步也没有进展！
这办法既然不行，我就决定大胆一点，
对他用比较猛的办法，既然开头了，不能半途而废，
要看看他到底怎样。
因此，象情人想引诱爱人一样，我约他来吃晚饭。
他先是推辞，后来勉强答应了。
第一次来了，吃完饭之后，他马上告辞，当时我很羞愧，就让他走了 。
第二次我想了一个新办法，
饭吃完之后，我不断气地和他攀谈，一直谈到深夜。
他说要走，我以太晚为借口，强迫他留下。
这样他就和我联床卧着，他用的就是他吃晚饭用的那张床。
在这间房里睡的没有旁人，就只有他和我。
My next idea was to invite him to the gymnasium with me.
We took exercise together, and I was sure that this would lead to something.
He took exercise and wrestled with me many times when no one else was present.
What can I tell you? I got nowhere.
When I realized that my ploy had failed, I decided on a frontal attack.
I refused to retreat from a battle I myself had begun,
and I needed to know just where matters stood.
So what I did was to invite him to dinner,
as if I were his lover and he my young prey!
To tell the truth, it took him quite a while to accept my invitation,
but one day he finally arrived.
That first time he left right after dinner: I was too shy to try to stop him.
But on my next attempt,
I started some discussion just as we were finishing our meal
and kept him talking late into the night.
When he said he should be going,
I used the lateness of the hour as an excuse
and managed to persuade him to spend the night at my house.
He had had his meal on the couch next to mine,
so he just made himself comfortable and lay down on it.
No one else was there.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
一直到这里，我的故事可以谈给任何人听，下文的话我决不会向你们讲下去，
若不是一方面因为"酒说真话"一一是否要连"孩子们"在一起都没有多大关系一一
另一方面因为我既然开始颂扬苏格拉底，如果把他的最光辉灿烂的行迹瞒着不说，未免不忠实。
Now you must admit that my story so far has been perfectly decent;
I could have told it in any company.
But you'd never have heard me tell the rest of it,
as you're about to do, if it weren't that, as the saying goes,
'there's truth in wine when the slaves have left' --and when they're present, too.
Also, would it be fair to Socrates for me
to praise him and yet to fail to reveal one of his proudest accomplishments?
还有一层，我的情形正和遭蛇咬过的人一样。
据就一个人若是遭蛇咬了，不肯把他的感觉说给人听，
除非那人自己也是遭蛇咬过的，
因为只有亲自遭蛇咬过的才能了解他，也才能原谅他，
如果由于苦痛的压迫，他所说的话和所做的事显得不正常。
And, furthermore, you know what people say about snakebite-
that you'll only talk about it with your fellow victims:
only they will understand the pain and forgive you for all the things it made you do.
我咧，也遭咬了，咬我的那东西比蛇还更厉害，
咬的地方是疼得最厉害的地方，我的心，我的灵魂，或是叫它一个旁的名称也可以。
我是被哲学的言论咬伤了。
这比毒蛇还更毒，如果它咬住一个年幼的而且资禀不坏的心灵，
就会使他无论做什么，说什么，都全凭它的支配。
Well, something much more painful than a snake
has bitten me in my most sensitive part-
I mean my heart, or my soul, or whatever you want to call it,
which has been struck and bitten by philosophy,
whose grip on young and eager souls is much more vicious than a viper's
and makes them do the most amazing things.
看看这些在座的，斐德若，阿伽通，厄里什马克，泡赛尼阿斯，亚理斯托顿，阿里斯托芬一一
用不着提苏格拉底本人一一还有许多旁的人，
你们每个人也都尝过哲学的迷狂和热情，所以我可以说给你们听，
你们会原谅我过去的行为和今天的话语。
但是对于奴隶们以及一切外人俗人，把最厚的门关起，免得声音到了他们的耳里。
Now, all you people here,
Phaedrus, Agathon, Eryximachus, Pausanias, Aristodemus,Aristophanes-
I need not mention Socriltes himself-and all the rest,
have all shared in the madness, the Bacchic frenzy of philosophy.
And that's why you will hear the rest of my story;
you will understand and forgive both what I did then and what I say now.
As for the house slaves and for anyone else who is not an initiate,
my story's not for you: block your ears!
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
好，诸位，灯熄了，佣人退出了，
我想和他用不着转弯抹角，无妨开门见山地把我的意思直说出来。
所以我推了他一下，问：“苏格拉底，你睡着了吗?"
"还没有哩，"他回答。
"你知道我在想什么吗?" "想什么呢?"
To get back to the story.
The lights were out; the slaves had left; the time was right,
I thought, to come to the point and tell him freely what I had in mind.
So I shook him and whispered:
"Socrates, are you asleep?"
"No, no, not at all," he replied.
"You know what I've been thinking?"
"Well, no, not really."
我于是说："我想你是唯一的一个人配得上做我的情人，
可是你好象害羞，不肯向我提这件事。
我的心情是这样，我认为若是我不肯答应你，
无论是在这方面，还是在其他方面，你对于我的财产或我的亲友有所需要的话，
我说，若是我不肯答应你，我就傻了。
我心里想，人生最重要的事莫过于提高自己的修养；
要达到这个目的，我不能找到一个比你更好的导师。
因此，我觉得若是象你这样一个人向我有所要求而我不肯答应的话，
在高明人面前，我会感觉到比答应了在俗人面前所感到的羞愧更大。"
"I think," I said, "you're the only worthy lover I have ever had-
and yet, look how shy you are with me!
Well, here's how I look at it.
It would be really stupid not to give you anything you want:
you can have me, my belongings, anything my friends might have.
Nothing is more important to me than becoming the best man I can be,
and no one can help me more than you to reach that aim.
With a man like you, in fact,
I'd be much more ashamed of what wise people would say if I did not take you as my lover,
than I would of what all the others, in their fllolishness, would say if I did."
听到我这番话之后，苏格拉底用他所惯有的特有的那副天真神气回答说：
”亲爱的亚尔西巴德，你说到我的那番话如果是真的，
如果我确实有一种力量能帮助你提高你的修养，你倒还是真不愚笨。
若是那样，你就一定发现了我有一种真正伟大的美，远超过你的貌美。
若是这个发现使你起了念头要分享我的这种美，要用美换美，
你的算盘就打得很好，很占了我一些便宜，
因为你拿出来的是外表美，要换得的是实在美，这真是所谓‘以铜换金'。
He heard me out,
and then he said in that absolutely inimitable ironic manner of his:
"Dear Alcibiades, if you are right in what you say about me,
you are already more accomplished than you think.
If I really have in me the power to make you a better man,
then you can see in me a beauty that is really beyond description
and makes your own remarkable good looks pale in comparison.
But, then, is this a fair exchange that you propose?
You seem to me to want more than your proper share:
you offer me the merest appearance of beauty,
and in return you want the thing itself,
'gold in exchange for bronze.'
但是，亲爱的朋友，你得再加审慎地考查一番，
你也许看错了，我也许毫无价值。
到了肉眼开始蒙胧的时候，心眼才尖锐起来，你离那个时节还远哩。"
"Still, my dear boy, you should think twice, because you could be wrong,
and I may be of no use to you.
The mind's sight becomes sharp only when the body's eyes go past their prime-
and you are still a good long time away from that."
我就回答他说: "我要说的话都说给你听了，没有一句不是真心话，
现在就等你考虑，看什样办法对于你和我才最好。"
他说：“你说的很对，将来总有一天我们可以考量考量，
看什样办法对我们才最好，在这件事上和其他事情上。"
When I heard this I replied:
"I really have nothing more to say. I've told you exactly what I think.
Now it's your turn to consider what you think best for you and me."
"You're right about that," he answered.
"In the future, let's consider things together.
We'll always do what seems the best to the two of us."
经过这番交谈之后，我的箭算是射出去了，我以为已经射中了他。
因比，我就爬起来，不让他有机会说一句话，就把我的大衣盖在他的身上一一
当时正是冬天一一我自己就溜进他的破大衣下面，
双手拥抱着这人，这真正神奇的人，就这样躺了一宵。
苏格拉底，你敢就这是谎话吗?
我的一切努力都只能引起他的鄙视，他对我所自豪的貌美简直是嘲笑，简直是侮辱。
诸位判官们，你们今天对于苏格拉底的傲慢，须评判评判。
我凭神们和女神们向你们发誓，我和苏格拉底睡了一夜起来之后，正象和我的父亲或哥哥睡了一夜一样!
His words made me think that my own had finally hit their mark,
that he was smitten by my arrows.
I didn't give him a chance to say another word.
I stood up immediately and placed my mantle over the light cloak which,
though it was the middle of winter, was his only clothing.
I slipped underneath the cloak and put my arms around this man-
this utterly unnatural, this truly extraordinary man-
and spent the whole night next to him.
Socrates, you can't deny a word of it.
But in spite of all my efforts, this hopelessly arrogant,
this unbelievably insolent man-he turned me down!
He spurned my beauty, of which I was so proud,
members of the jury-for this is really what you are:
you're here to sit in judgment of Socrates' amazing arrogance and pride.
Be sure of it, I swear to you by all the gods and goddesses together,
my night with Socrates went no further than if I had spent it with my own father or older brother!
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
从此以后，我的心情怎样，你们不难想象了。
一方面我觉得遭了他鄙视，
另一方面我惊赞他的性格，他的节制和他的镇静，
我从来没有碰见一个人象他那样有理性，那样坚定，我以为这简直是不可能的。
因此，我就不能恼怒他，和他相交，又没有办法可以引他上钩。
我知道在钱财方面他比埃阿斯对于刀矛还更牢不可破，
我唯一的优点，在我自己看，或许是能攻破他的武器，
但是他终于脱险了。
所以我找不到一条出路，只有东西游荡，受这人的支配，
从来奴隶受主人的支配都还不至于象我这样。
How do you think I felt after that? Of course, I was deeply humiliated,
but also I couldn't help admiring his natural character, his moderation,his fortitude-
here was a man whose strength and wisdom went beyond my wildest dreams!
How could I bring myself to hate him?
I couldn't bear to lose his friendship.
But how could I possibly win him over?
I knew very well that money meant much less to him
than enemy weapons ever meant to Ajax,
and the only trap by means of which I had thought I might capture him
had already proved a dismal failure.
I had no idea what to do, no purpose in life;
ah, no one else has ever known the real meaning of slavery!
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
经过这次事情之后，他和我都参加了泡提第亚战役 。
我们吃饭同席。
初到时他就以能吃苦耐劳见长，不但胜过我，而且胜过军队里一切人。
每逢交通线断绝，我们孤立在一个地方的时候一一这在军中是常有的事,
食粮断绝了，没有一个人能象他那样忍饥挨饿。
可是有时肴馔zhuàn很丰盛，也没有一个人能象他那样狼吞虎咽。
他本来不大爱喝酒，若是强迫他喝，他的酒量比谁也强，
最奇怪的是从来设有人见过苏格拉底喝醉。
关于他的酒量，我想停一会你们就可以作见证。
All this had already occurred when Athens invaded Potidaea,
where we served together and shared the same mess.
Now, first, he took the hardships of the campaign much better than I ever did-much better,
in fact, than anyone in the whole army.
When we were cut off from our supplies, as often happens in the field,
no one else stood up to hunger as well as he did.
And yet he was the one man who could really enjoy a feast;
and though he didn't much want to drink, when he had to,
he could drink the best of us under the table.
Still, and most amazingly, no one ever saw him drunk (as we'll straightaway put to the test).
其次，他不怕冬天的酷冷一一那地带冬天是很可怕的一一也很叫人吃惊。
有一次下过从来也有见过的那样厉害的霜，
兵士们没有一个人敢出门，
就是出门的话，也必定穿的非常厚，穿上鞋还裹上毡；
但是他照旧出去走，穿着他原来常穿的那件大衣，
赤着脚在冰上走，比起穿鞋的人走着还更自在，
叫兵土俩都斜着眼睛看他，以为他有意轻视他们。
Add to this his amazing resistance to the cold-and, let me tell you,
the winter there is something awful.
Once, I remember, it was frightfully cold;
no one so much as stuck his nose outside.
If we absolutelv had to leave our tent,
we wrapped ourselves in anything we could lay our hands on
and tied extra pieces of felt or sheepskin over our boots.
Well, Socrates went out in that weather wearing nothing but this same old light cloak,
and even in bare feel he made better progress on the ice than the other soldiers did in their boots.
You should have seen the looks they gave him;
they thought he was only doing it to spite them!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
他在军中的情形如此。
"但是这位勇敢的英雄还立过旁的功绩"，
So much for that! But you should hear what else he did during that
same campaign,
The exploit our strong-hearted hero dared to do.
那也是在军中的事，值得一谈。
一天大清早他遇到一个问题，就在一个地点站着不动，
凝神默想，想不出来，他不肯放手，仍然站着不动去默想。
一直站到正午，人们看到他，都很惊奇，
互相传语说：“从天亮，苏格拉底就一直站在那里默想！"
到了傍晚，旁观者中有几个人吃过晚饭一一当时正是夏天一一
就搬出他俩的铺席，睡在露天里，想看他是否站着过夜。
果然，他站在那里一直站到天亮，
到太阳起来了，向太阳做了祷告，他才扯脚走开。
One day, at dawn, he started thinking about some problem or other;
he just stood outside, trying to figure it out.
He couldn't resolve it, but he wouldn't give up.
He simply stood there, glued to the same spot.
By midday, many soldiers had seen him, and, quite mystified,
they told everyone that Socrates had been standing there all day,
thinking about something.
He was still there when evening came,
and after dinner some Ionians moved their bedding outside,
where it was cooler and more comfortable (all this took place in the summer),
but mainly in order to watch if Socrates was going to stay out there all night.
And so he did; he stood on the very same spot until dawn!
He only left next morning, when the sun came out,
and he made his prayers to the new day.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
你们想不想知道他在战场上的情形?
丢开这层不说，也未免不公道。
在那次战争中将官们发给我一个英勇奖章，
那一次全军中就只有他一人救了我的命。
我受了伤，他守着我不肯走，
结果把我的盔甲和我自己都救出危险。
我就请求将官们把英勇奖章发给你，苏格拉底，
这是事实，我想你不会骂我或是反驳我。
将官们看到我的阶级，有意要把奖章给我，
你比他们还更坚持，一定要让奖章给我，你自己不肯要。
And if you would like to know what he was like in battle-
this is a tribute he really deserves.
You know that I was decorated for bravery during that campaign:
well, during that very battle, Socrates single-handedly saved my life!
He absolutely did!
He just refused to leave me behind when I was wounded,
and he rescued not only me but my armor as well.
For my part, Socrates,
I told them right then that the decoration really belonged to you,
and you can blame me neither for doing so then nor for saying so now.
But the generals, who seemed much more concerned with my social position,
insisted on giving the decoration to me, and, I must say,
you were more eager than the generals themselves for me to have it.
在德利岛门战败之后 ，全军撤退，苏格拉底当时的态度也很值得钦佩。
当时我碰巧在场，我骑着马，他背着重兵器徒步走。
队伍全散乱了，他跟着拉克斯一起退走。
我碰巧赶上他们，一望见他们，我就告诉他们不要怕，我决不丢开他们。
那给了我一个好机会一一比在泡提第亚的机会更好一一来观察苏格拉底一一
因为我骑着马，自己倒没有什么可怕的。
我观察到两点，头一点，他远比拉克斯镇静；
第二点，阿里斯托芬，象你的诗句所说的，
他在那里走路的样子象在雅典一样："昂首阔步，斜目四顾" ，
看到敌人也好，看到朋友也好，都是那样镇静地斜着眼看着，
叫每个人远远地望到他，就知道他不是好惹的，
若是挨到他，他会拿出坚强的抵抗。
因此，他和他的伴侣都安然脱了险，
因为在战场上人们遇到象这样神气的人照例不敢轻于冒犯，
人们所穷追的是些抱头鼠窜的人。
You should also have seen him at our horrible retreat from Delium.
I was there with the cavalry, while Socrates was a foot soldier.
The army had already dispersed in all directions,
and Socrates was retreating together with Laches.
I happened to see them just by chance,
and the moment I did I started shouting encouragements to them,
telling them I was never going to leave their side, and so on.
That day I had a better opportunity to watch Socrates than I ever had at Potidaea,
for, being on horseback, I wasn't in very great danger.
Well, it was easy to see that he was remarkably more collected than Laches.
But when I looked again I couldn't get your words, Aristophanes, out of my mind:
in the midst of battle he was making his way exactly as he does around town,
He was observing everything quite calmly,
looking out for friendly troops and keeping an eye on the enemy.
Even from a great distance it was obvious that this was a very brave man,
who would put up a terrific fight if anyone approached him.
This is what saved both of them.
For, as a rule, you try to put as much distance as you can
between yourself and such men in battle;
you go after the others, those who run away helter-skelter.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
此外，苏格拉底值得我们颂扬的稀奇事迹还很多，
不过在旁的活动范围里，同样的话也许可以应用到旁人身上。
有一点特别值得赞赏的，就是无论在古人还是在今人之中，
找不到一个可以和他相比的人。
比如说，提起伯喀琉斯，你可以拿布剌什达斯或旁人和他相比；
提起伯里克理斯，你可以拿涅斯托，安忒诺或许多可以想到的人和他相比；
同样地，许多伟大人物都各有他们的侪chái辈。
可是谈到苏格拉底这个怪人，无输在风度方面还是在言论方面，
你在古今找不出一个人来可以和他相比，
除非你采取我的办法，不拿他比人，而拿他比林神和西勒诺斯，
无论是就风度看，还是就言论看。
You could say many other marvelous things in praise of Socrates.
Perhaps he shares some of his specific accomplishments with others.
But, as a whole, he is unique;
he is like no one else in the past and no one in the present-
this is by far the most amazing thing about him.
For we might be able to form an idea of what Achilles was like
by comparing him to Brasidas or some other great warrior,
or we might compare Pericles with Nestor or Antenor or one of the other great orators.
There is a parallel for everyone-everyone else, that is.
But this man here is so bizarre, his ways and his ideas are so unusual,
that, search as you might, you'll never find anyone else, alive or dead, who's even remotely like him.
The best you can do is not to compare him to anything human, but to liken him,
as I do, to Silenus and the satyrs, and the same goes for his ideas and arguments.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
我说他的言论，因为我在开头时忘记说，
他在这方面尤其活象剖开的西勒诺斯。
如果你要听苏格拉底谈话，开头你会觉得顶可笑。
在表面上他的字句很荒谬，就恰象卤莽的林神所蒙的那张皮。
他谈的尽是扛货的驴子呦，铁匠呦，鞋匠呦，皮匠呦，他好象老是在说重复话，
字句重复，思想也重复，
就连一个无知的或愚笨的人听到，也会传为笑柄。
但是剖开他的言论，往里面看，你就会发见它们骨子里全是道理，而且也只有它们才是道理；
然后你会觉得他的言论真神明，
最富于优美品质的意象，含有 最崇高的意旨，
表达出凡是求美求善的人们都应该知道的道理。
Come to think of it, I should have mentioned this much earlier:
even his ideas and arguments are just like those hollow statues of Silenus.
If you were to listen to his arguments,
at first they'd strike you as totally ridiculous;
they're clothed in words as coarse as the hides worn by the most vulgar satyrs.
He's always going on about pack asses, or blacksmiths, or cobblers, or tanners;
he's always making the same tired old points in the same tired old words.
If you are foolish, or simply unfamiliar with him,
you'd find it impossible not to laugh at his arguments.
But if you see them when they open up like the statues,
if you go behind their surface,
you'll realize that no other arguments make any sense.
They're truly worthy of a god, bursting with figures of virtue inside.
They're of great-no, of the greatest-
importance for anyone who wants to become a truly good man.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
朋友们，这就是我颂扬苏格拉底的话，
同时关于他对于我的侮慢，我也夹杂了一些埋怨的话。
并不只是我一个人受过他的这样待遇，
格罗康的儿子卡密德，第俄克利斯的儿子攸惕顿 ，以及许多旁人都受过他的骗，
他假装情人，而所演的却是爱人的角色。
阿伽通，我告诉你这一切，免得你也受他的骗。
我的惨痛经验对于你是一个教训，瑾防着不要象谚语中的傻瓜，"跌了跤才知道疼"。
Well, this is my praise of Socrates,
though I haven't spared him my reproach, either;
I told you how horribly he treated me-
and not only me but also Charm ides, Euthydemus, and many others.
He has deceived us all:
he presents himself as your lover, and,
before you know it, you're in love with him yourself!
I warn you, Agathon, don't let him fool you!
Remember our torments; be on your guard:
don't wait, like the fool in the proverb, to learn your lesson from your own misfortune!
他自己也许以为我这样办，是要和他开玩笑，
请他放心，我用的比喻是要说明真理，不是要开玩笑。
首先我要说，他活象雕刻铺里摆着的那些西勒诺斯象，
雕刻家们把他们雕成手执管笛，身子由左右两半合成，
如果打开来，你会看且里面隐藏着神象。
其次我要说，他象林神马西亚斯。
I'll try to praise Socrates, my friends, but I'll have to use an image.
And though he may think I'm trying to make fun of him,
I assure you my image is no joke: it aims at the truth.
Look at him! Isn't he just like a statue of Silenus?
You know the kind of statue I mean;
you'll find them in any shop in town.
It's a Silenus sitting, his flute or his pipes in his hands, and it's hollow.
It's split right down the middle,
and inside it's full of tiny statues of the gods.
Now look at him again! Isn't he also just like the satyr Marsyas?
苏格拉底，你在外表上和这些林神们相象，
我想连你自己也不会辩驳。
至于其他类似点，且听我说来。
Nobody, not even you, Socrates, can deny that you look like them.
But the resemblance goes beyond appearance, as you're about to hear.
你是一个厉害的嘲笑家，不是吗?
如果你否认，我可以拿出证据来。
你不是一个吹笛手吗?你是的，而且比林神还更高明。
林神用嘴唇来叫人心蔼神怡，还要靠乐器，
现在任何人用林神的调子来吹笛，都可以发生同样效果一一
奥林普斯所吹的那些调子我认为还是马西亚斯教给他的一一
所以无论是谁，吹笛的名手也好，普通吹笛女子也好，
只要能吹林神的调子，就有力量使人们欢欣鼓舞，
显示出听众中哪些人需要神的保佑或是参与秘密仪式；
只有林神的一些调子有这种力量，因为它们是神性的。
马西亚斯和你只有一个分别，苏格拉底，
你不消用乐器，只用单纯的话语，就能产生同样的效果。
若是旁人在说话，尽管他是第一流辩才，我们丝毫不感兴趣；
但是一且听到你说话，或是听旁人转述你的话，
尽管转述的人口才坏，马上我们无论男女老少就都欢欣鼓舞起来了。
You are impudent, contemptuous, and vile! No?
If you won't admit it, I'll bring witnesses.
And you're quite a fluteplayer, aren't you?
In fact, you're much more marvelous than Marsyas,
who needed instruments to cast his spells on people.
And so does anyone who plays his tunes today-
for even the tunes Olympus played are Marsyas' work,
since Olympus learned everything from him.
Whether they are played by the greatest flautist or the meanest flute-girl,
his melodies have in themselves the power to possess
and so reveal those people who are ready for the god and his mysteries.
That's because his melodies are themselves divine.
The only difference between you and Marsyas is that you need no instruments;
you do exactly what he does, but with words alone.
You know, people hardly ever take a speaker seriously,
even if he's the greatest orator;
but let anyone-man, woman, or child-
listen to you or even to a poor account of what you say-
and we are all transported, completely possessed.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
就拿我自己来说吧，朋友们，
若是不怕你们说我醉酒说疯话，
我可以向你们发誓来声明他的言辞对我发生过什样稀奇的影响，
这影响就连在现在我还感觉到。
If I were to describe for you
what an extraordinary effect his words have always had on me
(I can feel it this moment even as I'm speaking),
you might actually suspect that I'm drunk!
我每逢听他就话，心就狂跳起来，
比科里班特们在狂欢时还跳得更厉害；
他的话一进到我的耳里，眼泪就会夺眶而出，
我看见过大群的听众也表现出和我的同样情绪。
Still, I swear to you, the moment he starts to speak,
I am beside myself: my heart starts leaping in my chest,
the tears come streaming down my face,
even the frenzied Corybantes seem sane compared to me-
and, let me tell you, I am not alone.
我也听过伯里克理斯和许多其他大演在家，
他们的辩才固然也使我钦佩，
可是我从来没有遇过听苏格拉底的那样的经验，
从来不觉得神魂颠倒，从来不自恨象奴隶一样屈伏。
I have heard Pericles and many other great orators,
and I have admired their speeches.
But nothing like this ever happened to me:
they never upset me so deeply
that my very own soul started protesting that my life-my life!
was no better than the most miserable slave's.
但是每逢听这位马西亚斯，我常感觉到我所过的这样生活简直过不下去。
苏格拉底，我这番话是你都无法否认的。
就连在此刻，我还有这样感觉；
若是我肯听他，就得凭他支配，就得再发生同样的情绪。
And yet that is exactly how this Marsyas here at my side makes me feel all the time:
he makes it seem that my life isn't worth living!
You can't say that isn't true, Socrates.
I know very well that you could make me feel that way this very moment
if I gave you half a chance.
他曾逼我承认，我在许多方面都还欠缺，
因为我参预雅典的政事，就忽略了我自己的修养。
He always traps me, you see,
and he makes me admit that my political career is a waste of time,
while all that matters is just what I most neglect:
my personal shortcomings,
which cry out for the closest attention.
因此我勉强掩耳逃避他，象逃避莎林仙女一样，怕的是坐在他身边要一直坐到老。
So I refuse to listen to him;
I stop my ears and tear myself away from him, for, like the Sirens,
he could make me stay by his side till I die.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
我生平从来不在人前感到羞愧，
他是唯一的人使我对他感到羞愧，这是出人意料的。
向他领教的时候，我对他劝我怎样立身处世的话一句也不能反驳，
可是一离开了他，我还是不免逢迎世俗 。
我老是逃避他，但是一旦到他的面，想到从前对他的诺言，就感到羞愧。
我有时甚至愿望他不在人世，
可是假如他真正死了，我会感到更大的痛苦。
所以我真不知怎样对付这家伙才好。
Socrates is the only man in the world who has made me feel shame-
ah,you didn't think I had it in me, did you?
Yes, he makes me feel ashamed:
I know perfectly well that I can't prove he's wrong when he tells me what I should do;
yet, the moment I leave his side, I go back to myoId ways:
I cave in to my desire to please the crowd.
My whole life has become one constant effort to escape from him and keep away,
but when I see him, I feel deeply ashamed,
because I'm doing nothing about my way of life,
though I have already agreed with him that I should.
Sometimes, believe me, I think I would be happier if he were dead.
And yet I know that if he dies I'll be even more miserable.
I can't live with him, and I can't live without him! What can I do about him?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
我们这位林神怎样用他的笛调迷惑了我，还迷惑了许多旁人，我已经说过了。
现在我要告诉你们，在旁的方面他多么象我所比喻的，他有多么神奇的威力。
我敢说，你们中间没有一个人能了解他，现在我要继续揭开他的面具，既然我已经开始了。
That's the effect of this satyr's music-on me and many others.
But that's the least of it.
He's like these creatures in all sorts of other ways;
his powers are really extraordinary.
Let me tell you about them, because, you can be sure of it,
none of you really understands him.
But, now I've started, I'm going to show you what he really is.
你们看看，苏格拉底对于美少年们是什样多情，
他时时刻刻地缠着他们献殷勤，一见到他俩就欢天喜地的。
再看，他多么蠢，什么也不知道，至少是他装得象这样。
这一点不活象西勒诺斯吗?
这是他戴的外壳，象雕刻的西勒诺斯的那种外壳一样。
但是你如果把他剖开，看看他的里面，
亲爱的酒友们，你们想不到他里面隐藏着那一大肚子的智慧!
我告前你们，人的美毫不在他眼里，他怎样鄙视它，是你们想象不到的。
他也瞧不起财富，以及一般世俗所欣羡的那些东西。
To begin with, he's crazy about beautiful boys;
he constantly follows them around in a perpetual daze.
Also, he likes to say he's ignorant and knows nothing.
Isn't this just like Silenus? Of course it is!
And all this is just on the surface,
like the outsides of those statues of Silenus.
I wonder, my fellow drinkers,
if you have any idea what a sober and temperate man he proves to be once you have looked inside.
Believe me, it couldn't matter less to him whether a boy is beautiful.
You can't imagine how little he cares
whether a person is beautiful, or rich, or famous in any other way that most people admire.
这一切都不在他眼里，我们这一班人也都不在他眼里，
他一生都在讥嘲世间人。
可是到了他认真的时候，把肚子剖开的时候，
那里面所藏的神象就露出来了，旁人看见过没有，我不知道，
我自己却亲眼见过，
发现它们是那样的神圣，珍贵，优美，奇妙，
使我不由自主地五体投地，一切服从他的意志。
He considers all these possessions beneath contempt,
and that's exactly how he considers all of us as well.
In public, I tell you, his whole life is one big game-a game of irony.
I don't know if any of you have seen him when he's really serious.
But I once caught him when he was open like Silenus' statues,
and I had a glimpse of the figures he keeps hidden within:
they were so godlike-so bright and beautiful, so utterly amazing-
that I no longer had a choice-I just had to do whatever he told me.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
我以为他对我的年轻貌美有真正的爱情，
自幸这是一个很吉利的兆应和运气，
希望可以用我的恩情换取他的教诲，把他所知道的都教给我。
我向来颇自豪，以为自己的年轻貌美是无人能比的。
从前我去访苏格拉底，常带一个随从，
以后因为心里有了这个计算，就把这个随从打发走，我单独一个人去看他。
这里我必须把实情和盘托出，请你们专心听着，
苏格拉底你也听着，如果我说谎，你随时可以反驳。
What I thought at the time was that what he really wanted was me,
and that seemed to me the luckiest coincidence:
all I had to do was to let him have his way with me,
and he would teach me everything he knew-believe me,
I had a lot of confidence in my looks.
Naturally, up to that time we'd never been alone together;
one of my attendants had always been present.
But with this in mind, I sent the attendant away, and met Socrates alone.
(You see, in this company I must tell the whole truth: so pay attention.
And, Socrates, if I say anything untrue, I want you to correct me.)
朋友们，我去会他，只有他和我面对面，
我指望着他要趁这个机会向我说一点情人私下向爱人所说的话，心里甚为快活。
可是我的指望落得一场空，什么也没有，他只和平时一样和我交谈，
一天完了，把我放下，自己就走了。
So there I was, my friends, alone with him at last.
My idea, naturally, was that he'd take advantage of the opportunity
to tell me whatever it is that lovers say when they find themselves alone;
I relished the moment.
But no such luck! Nothing of the sort occurred.
Socrates had his usual sort of conversation with me,
and at the end of the day he went off.
这次失败之后，我邀他陪我到健身房去做运动。
我和他交手练拳，心想这回可以达到我的愿望。
他和我交过几次手，没有一个旁人在场。
哼，还有什么可说的!一步也没有进展！
这办法既然不行，我就决定大胆一点，
对他用比较猛的办法，既然开头了，不能半途而废，
要看看他到底怎样。
因此，象情人想引诱爱人一样，我约他来吃晚饭。
他先是推辞，后来勉强答应了。
第一次来了，吃完饭之后，他马上告辞，当时我很羞愧，就让他走了 。
第二次我想了一个新办法，
饭吃完之后，我不断气地和他攀谈，一直谈到深夜。
他说要走，我以太晚为借口，强迫他留下。
这样他就和我联床卧着，他用的就是他吃晚饭用的那张床。
在这间房里睡的没有旁人，就只有他和我。
My next idea was to invite him to the gymnasium with me.
We took exercise together, and I was sure that this would lead to something.
He took exercise and wrestled with me many times when no one else was present.
What can I tell you? I got nowhere.
When I realized that my ploy had failed, I decided on a frontal attack.
I refused to retreat from a battle I myself had begun,
and I needed to know just where matters stood.
So what I did was to invite him to dinner,
as if I were his lover and he my young prey!
To tell the truth, it took him quite a while to accept my invitation,
but one day he finally arrived.
That first time he left right after dinner: I was too shy to try to stop him.
But on my next attempt,
I started some discussion just as we were finishing our meal
and kept him talking late into the night.
When he said he should be going,
I used the lateness of the hour as an excuse
and managed to persuade him to spend the night at my house.
He had had his meal on the couch next to mine,
so he just made himself comfortable and lay down on it.
No one else was there.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
一直到这里，我的故事可以谈给任何人听，下文的话我决不会向你们讲下去，
若不是一方面因为"酒说真话"一一是否要连"孩子们"在一起都没有多大关系一一
另一方面因为我既然开始颂扬苏格拉底，如果把他的最光辉灿烂的行迹瞒着不说，未免不忠实。
Now you must admit that my story so far has been perfectly decent;
I could have told it in any company.
But you'd never have heard me tell the rest of it,
as you're about to do, if it weren't that, as the saying goes,
'there's truth in wine when the slaves have left' --and when they're present, too.
Also, would it be fair to Socrates for me
to praise him and yet to fail to reveal one of his proudest accomplishments?
还有一层，我的情形正和遭蛇咬过的人一样。
据就一个人若是遭蛇咬了，不肯把他的感觉说给人听，
除非那人自己也是遭蛇咬过的，
因为只有亲自遭蛇咬过的才能了解他，也才能原谅他，
如果由于苦痛的压迫，他所说的话和所做的事显得不正常。
And, furthermore, you know what people say about snakebite-
that you'll only talk about it with your fellow victims:
only they will understand the pain and forgive you for all the things it made you do.
我咧，也遭咬了，咬我的那东西比蛇还更厉害，
咬的地方是疼得最厉害的地方，我的心，我的灵魂，或是叫它一个旁的名称也可以。
我是被哲学的言论咬伤了。
这比毒蛇还更毒，如果它咬住一个年幼的而且资禀不坏的心灵，
就会使他无论做什么，说什么，都全凭它的支配。
Well, something much more painful than a snake
has bitten me in my most sensitive part-
I mean my heart, or my soul, or whatever you want to call it,
which has been struck and bitten by philosophy,
whose grip on young and eager souls is much more vicious than a viper's
and makes them do the most amazing things.
看看这些在座的，斐德若，阿伽通，厄里什马克，泡赛尼阿斯，亚理斯托顿，阿里斯托芬一一
用不着提苏格拉底本人一一还有许多旁的人，
你们每个人也都尝过哲学的迷狂和热情，所以我可以说给你们听，
你们会原谅我过去的行为和今天的话语。
但是对于奴隶们以及一切外人俗人，把最厚的门关起，免得声音到了他们的耳里。
Now, all you people here,
Phaedrus, Agathon, Eryximachus, Pausanias, Aristodemus,Aristophanes-
I need not mention Socriltes himself-and all the rest,
have all shared in the madness, the Bacchic frenzy of philosophy.
And that's why you will hear the rest of my story;
you will understand and forgive both what I did then and what I say now.
As for the house slaves and for anyone else who is not an initiate,
my story's not for you: block your ears!
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
好，诸位，灯熄了，佣人退出了，
我想和他用不着转弯抹角，无妨开门见山地把我的意思直说出来。
所以我推了他一下，问：“苏格拉底，你睡着了吗?"
"还没有哩，"他回答。
"你知道我在想什么吗?" "想什么呢?"
To get back to the story.
The lights were out; the slaves had left; the time was right,
I thought, to come to the point and tell him freely what I had in mind.
So I shook him and whispered:
"Socrates, are you asleep?"
"No, no, not at all," he replied.
"You know what I've been thinking?"
"Well, no, not really."
我于是说："我想你是唯一的一个人配得上做我的情人，
可是你好象害羞，不肯向我提这件事。
我的心情是这样，我认为若是我不肯答应你，
无论是在这方面，还是在其他方面，你对于我的财产或我的亲友有所需要的话，
我说，若是我不肯答应你，我就傻了。
我心里想，人生最重要的事莫过于提高自己的修养；
要达到这个目的，我不能找到一个比你更好的导师。
因此，我觉得若是象你这样一个人向我有所要求而我不肯答应的话，
在高明人面前，我会感觉到比答应了在俗人面前所感到的羞愧更大。"
"I think," I said, "you're the only worthy lover I have ever had-
and yet, look how shy you are with me!
Well, here's how I look at it.
It would be really stupid not to give you anything you want:
you can have me, my belongings, anything my friends might have.
Nothing is more important to me than becoming the best man I can be,
and no one can help me more than you to reach that aim.
With a man like you, in fact,
I'd be much more ashamed of what wise people would say if I did not take you as my lover,
than I would of what all the others, in their fllolishness, would say if I did."
听到我这番话之后，苏格拉底用他所惯有的特有的那副天真神气回答说：
”亲爱的亚尔西巴德，你说到我的那番话如果是真的，
如果我确实有一种力量能帮助你提高你的修养，你倒还是真不愚笨。
若是那样，你就一定发现了我有一种真正伟大的美，远超过你的貌美。
若是这个发现使你起了念头要分享我的这种美，要用美换美，
你的算盘就打得很好，很占了我一些便宜，
因为你拿出来的是外表美，要换得的是实在美，这真是所谓‘以铜换金'。
He heard me out,
and then he said in that absolutely inimitable ironic manner of his:
"Dear Alcibiades, if you are right in what you say about me,
you are already more accomplished than you think.
If I really have in me the power to make you a better man,
then you can see in me a beauty that is really beyond description
and makes your own remarkable good looks pale in comparison.
But, then, is this a fair exchange that you propose?
You seem to me to want more than your proper share:
you offer me the merest appearance of beauty,
and in return you want the thing itself,
'gold in exchange for bronze.'
但是，亲爱的朋友，你得再加审慎地考查一番，
你也许看错了，我也许毫无价值。
到了肉眼开始蒙胧的时候，心眼才尖锐起来，你离那个时节还远哩。"
"Still, my dear boy, you should think twice, because you could be wrong,
and I may be of no use to you.
The mind's sight becomes sharp only when the body's eyes go past their prime-
and you are still a good long time away from that."
我就回答他说: "我要说的话都说给你听了，没有一句不是真心话，
现在就等你考虑，看什样办法对于你和我才最好。"
他说：“你说的很对，将来总有一天我们可以考量考量，
看什样办法对我们才最好，在这件事上和其他事情上。"
When I heard this I replied:
"I really have nothing more to say. I've told you exactly what I think.
Now it's your turn to consider what you think best for you and me."
"You're right about that," he answered.
"In the future, let's consider things together.
We'll always do what seems the best to the two of us."
经过这番交谈之后，我的箭算是射出去了，我以为已经射中了他。
因比，我就爬起来，不让他有机会说一句话，就把我的大衣盖在他的身上一一
当时正是冬天一一我自己就溜进他的破大衣下面，
双手拥抱着这人，这真正神奇的人，就这样躺了一宵。
苏格拉底，你敢就这是谎话吗?
我的一切努力都只能引起他的鄙视，他对我所自豪的貌美简直是嘲笑，简直是侮辱。
诸位判官们，你们今天对于苏格拉底的傲慢，须评判评判。
我凭神们和女神们向你们发誓，我和苏格拉底睡了一夜起来之后，正象和我的父亲或哥哥睡了一夜一样!
His words made me think that my own had finally hit their mark,
that he was smitten by my arrows.
I didn't give him a chance to say another word.
I stood up immediately and placed my mantle over the light cloak which,
though it was the middle of winter, was his only clothing.
I slipped underneath the cloak and put my arms around this man-
this utterly unnatural, this truly extraordinary man-
and spent the whole night next to him.
Socrates, you can't deny a word of it.
But in spite of all my efforts, this hopelessly arrogant,
this unbelievably insolent man-he turned me down!
He spurned my beauty, of which I was so proud,
members of the jury-for this is really what you are:
you're here to sit in judgment of Socrates' amazing arrogance and pride.
Be sure of it, I swear to you by all the gods and goddesses together,
my night with Socrates went no further than if I had spent it with my own father or older brother!
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
从此以后，我的心情怎样，你们不难想象了。
一方面我觉得遭了他鄙视，
另一方面我惊赞他的性格，他的节制和他的镇静，
我从来没有碰见一个人象他那样有理性，那样坚定，我以为这简直是不可能的。
因此，我就不能恼怒他，和他相交，又没有办法可以引他上钩。
我知道在钱财方面他比埃阿斯对于刀矛还更牢不可破，
我唯一的优点，在我自己看，或许是能攻破他的武器，
但是他终于脱险了。
所以我找不到一条出路，只有东西游荡，受这人的支配，
从来奴隶受主人的支配都还不至于象我这样。
How do you think I felt after that? Of course, I was deeply humiliated,
but also I couldn't help admiring his natural character, his moderation,his fortitude-
here was a man whose strength and wisdom went beyond my wildest dreams!
How could I bring myself to hate him?
I couldn't bear to lose his friendship.
But how could I possibly win him over?
I knew very well that money meant much less to him
than enemy weapons ever meant to Ajax,
and the only trap by means of which I had thought I might capture him
had already proved a dismal failure.
I had no idea what to do, no purpose in life;
ah, no one else has ever known the real meaning of slavery!
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
经过这次事情之后，他和我都参加了泡提第亚战役 。
我们吃饭同席。
初到时他就以能吃苦耐劳见长，不但胜过我，而且胜过军队里一切人。
每逢交通线断绝，我们孤立在一个地方的时候一一这在军中是常有的事,
食粮断绝了，没有一个人能象他那样忍饥挨饿。
可是有时肴馔zhuàn很丰盛，也没有一个人能象他那样狼吞虎咽。
他本来不大爱喝酒，若是强迫他喝，他的酒量比谁也强，
最奇怪的是从来设有人见过苏格拉底喝醉。
关于他的酒量，我想停一会你们就可以作见证。
All this had already occurred when Athens invaded Potidaea,
where we served together and shared the same mess.
Now, first, he took the hardships of the campaign much better than I ever did-much better,
in fact, than anyone in the whole army.
When we were cut off from our supplies, as often happens in the field,
no one else stood up to hunger as well as he did.
And yet he was the one man who could really enjoy a feast;
and though he didn't much want to drink, when he had to,
he could drink the best of us under the table.
Still, and most amazingly, no one ever saw him drunk (as we'll straightaway put to the test).
其次，他不怕冬天的酷冷一一那地带冬天是很可怕的一一也很叫人吃惊。
有一次下过从来也有见过的那样厉害的霜，
兵士们没有一个人敢出门，
就是出门的话，也必定穿的非常厚，穿上鞋还裹上毡；
但是他照旧出去走，穿着他原来常穿的那件大衣，
赤着脚在冰上走，比起穿鞋的人走着还更自在，
叫兵土俩都斜着眼睛看他，以为他有意轻视他们。
Add to this his amazing resistance to the cold-and, let me tell you,
the winter there is something awful.
Once, I remember, it was frightfully cold;
no one so much as stuck his nose outside.
If we absolutelv had to leave our tent,
we wrapped ourselves in anything we could lay our hands on
and tied extra pieces of felt or sheepskin over our boots.
Well, Socrates went out in that weather wearing nothing but this same old light cloak,
and even in bare feel he made better progress on the ice than the other soldiers did in their boots.
You should have seen the looks they gave him;
they thought he was only doing it to spite them!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
他在军中的情形如此。
"但是这位勇敢的英雄还立过旁的功绩"，
So much for that! But you should hear what else he did during that
same campaign,
The exploit our strong-hearted hero dared to do.
那也是在军中的事，值得一谈。
一天大清早他遇到一个问题，就在一个地点站着不动，
凝神默想，想不出来，他不肯放手，仍然站着不动去默想。
一直站到正午，人们看到他，都很惊奇，
互相传语说：“从天亮，苏格拉底就一直站在那里默想！"
到了傍晚，旁观者中有几个人吃过晚饭一一当时正是夏天一一
就搬出他俩的铺席，睡在露天里，想看他是否站着过夜。
果然，他站在那里一直站到天亮，
到太阳起来了，向太阳做了祷告，他才扯脚走开。
One day, at dawn, he started thinking about some problem or other;
he just stood outside, trying to figure it out.
He couldn't resolve it, but he wouldn't give up.
He simply stood there, glued to the same spot.
By midday, many soldiers had seen him, and, quite mystified,
they told everyone that Socrates had been standing there all day,
thinking about something.
He was still there when evening came,
and after dinner some Ionians moved their bedding outside,
where it was cooler and more comfortable (all this took place in the summer),
but mainly in order to watch if Socrates was going to stay out there all night.
And so he did; he stood on the very same spot until dawn!
He only left next morning, when the sun came out,
and he made his prayers to the new day.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
你们想不想知道他在战场上的情形?
丢开这层不说，也未免不公道。
在那次战争中将官们发给我一个英勇奖章，
那一次全军中就只有他一人救了我的命。
我受了伤，他守着我不肯走，
结果把我的盔甲和我自己都救出危险。
我就请求将官们把英勇奖章发给你，苏格拉底，
这是事实，我想你不会骂我或是反驳我。
将官们看到我的阶级，有意要把奖章给我，
你比他们还更坚持，一定要让奖章给我，你自己不肯要。
And if you would like to know what he was like in battle-
this is a tribute he really deserves.
You know that I was decorated for bravery during that campaign:
well, during that very battle, Socrates single-handedly saved my life!
He absolutely did!
He just refused to leave me behind when I was wounded,
and he rescued not only me but my armor as well.
For my part, Socrates,
I told them right then that the decoration really belonged to you,
and you can blame me neither for doing so then nor for saying so now.
But the generals, who seemed much more concerned with my social position,
insisted on giving the decoration to me, and, I must say,
you were more eager than the generals themselves for me to have it.
在德利岛门战败之后 ，全军撤退，苏格拉底当时的态度也很值得钦佩。
当时我碰巧在场，我骑着马，他背着重兵器徒步走。
队伍全散乱了，他跟着拉克斯一起退走。
我碰巧赶上他们，一望见他们，我就告诉他们不要怕，我决不丢开他们。
那给了我一个好机会一一比在泡提第亚的机会更好一一来观察苏格拉底一一
因为我骑着马，自己倒没有什么可怕的。
我观察到两点，头一点，他远比拉克斯镇静；
第二点，阿里斯托芬，象你的诗句所说的，
他在那里走路的样子象在雅典一样："昂首阔步，斜目四顾" ，
看到敌人也好，看到朋友也好，都是那样镇静地斜着眼看着，
叫每个人远远地望到他，就知道他不是好惹的，
若是挨到他，他会拿出坚强的抵抗。
因此，他和他的伴侣都安然脱了险，
因为在战场上人们遇到象这样神气的人照例不敢轻于冒犯，
人们所穷追的是些抱头鼠窜的人。
You should also have seen him at our horrible retreat from Delium.
I was there with the cavalry, while Socrates was a foot soldier.
The army had already dispersed in all directions,
and Socrates was retreating together with Laches.
I happened to see them just by chance,
and the moment I did I started shouting encouragements to them,
telling them I was never going to leave their side, and so on.
That day I had a better opportunity to watch Socrates than I ever had at Potidaea,
for, being on horseback, I wasn't in very great danger.
Well, it was easy to see that he was remarkably more collected than Laches.
But when I looked again I couldn't get your words, Aristophanes, out of my mind:
in the midst of battle he was making his way exactly as he does around town,
He was observing everything quite calmly,
looking out for friendly troops and keeping an eye on the enemy.
Even from a great distance it was obvious that this was a very brave man,
who would put up a terrific fight if anyone approached him.
This is what saved both of them.
For, as a rule, you try to put as much distance as you can
between yourself and such men in battle;
you go after the others, those who run away helter-skelter.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
此外，苏格拉底值得我们颂扬的稀奇事迹还很多，
不过在旁的活动范围里，同样的话也许可以应用到旁人身上。
有一点特别值得赞赏的，就是无论在古人还是在今人之中，
找不到一个可以和他相比的人。
比如说，提起伯喀琉斯，你可以拿布剌什达斯或旁人和他相比；
提起伯里克理斯，你可以拿涅斯托，安忒诺或许多可以想到的人和他相比；
同样地，许多伟大人物都各有他们的侪chái辈。
可是谈到苏格拉底这个怪人，无输在风度方面还是在言论方面，
你在古今找不出一个人来可以和他相比，
除非你采取我的办法，不拿他比人，而拿他比林神和西勒诺斯，
无论是就风度看，还是就言论看。
You could say many other marvelous things in praise of Socrates.
Perhaps he shares some of his specific accomplishments with others.
But, as a whole, he is unique;
he is like no one else in the past and no one in the present-
this is by far the most amazing thing about him.
For we might be able to form an idea of what Achilles was like
by comparing him to Brasidas or some other great warrior,
or we might compare Pericles with Nestor or Antenor or one of the other great orators.
There is a parallel for everyone-everyone else, that is.
But this man here is so bizarre, his ways and his ideas are so unusual,
that, search as you might, you'll never find anyone else, alive or dead, who's even remotely like him.
The best you can do is not to compare him to anything human, but to liken him,
as I do, to Silenus and the satyrs, and the same goes for his ideas and arguments.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
我说他的言论，因为我在开头时忘记说，
他在这方面尤其活象剖开的西勒诺斯。
如果你要听苏格拉底谈话，开头你会觉得顶可笑。
在表面上他的字句很荒谬，就恰象卤莽的林神所蒙的那张皮。
他谈的尽是扛货的驴子呦，铁匠呦，鞋匠呦，皮匠呦，他好象老是在说重复话，
字句重复，思想也重复，
就连一个无知的或愚笨的人听到，也会传为笑柄。
但是剖开他的言论，往里面看，你就会发见它们骨子里全是道理，而且也只有它们才是道理；
然后你会觉得他的言论真神明，
最富于优美品质的意象，含有 最崇高的意旨，
表达出凡是求美求善的人们都应该知道的道理。
Come to think of it, I should have mentioned this much earlier:
even his ideas and arguments are just like those hollow statues of Silenus.
If you were to listen to his arguments,
at first they'd strike you as totally ridiculous;
they're clothed in words as coarse as the hides worn by the most vulgar satyrs.
He's always going on about pack asses, or blacksmiths, or cobblers, or tanners;
he's always making the same tired old points in the same tired old words.
If you are foolish, or simply unfamiliar with him,
you'd find it impossible not to laugh at his arguments.
But if you see them when they open up like the statues,
if you go behind their surface,
you'll realize that no other arguments make any sense.
They're truly worthy of a god, bursting with figures of virtue inside.
They're of great-no, of the greatest-
importance for anyone who wants to become a truly good man.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
朋友们，这就是我颂扬苏格拉底的话，
同时关于他对于我的侮慢，我也夹杂了一些埋怨的话。
并不只是我一个人受过他的这样待遇，
格罗康的儿子卡密德，第俄克利斯的儿子攸惕顿 ，以及许多旁人都受过他的骗，
他假装情人，而所演的却是爱人的角色。
阿伽通，我告诉你这一切，免得你也受他的骗。
我的惨痛经验对于你是一个教训，瑾防着不要象谚语中的傻瓜，"跌了跤才知道疼"。
Well, this is my praise of Socrates,
though I haven't spared him my reproach, either;
I told you how horribly he treated me-
and not only me but also Charm ides, Euthydemus, and many others.
He has deceived us all:
he presents himself as your lover, and,
before you know it, you're in love with him yourself!
I warn you, Agathon, don't let him fool you!
Remember our torments; be on your guard:
don't wait, like the fool in the proverb, to learn your lesson from your own misfortune!
