生存空间
The practical implementation of the Lebensraum concept began in 1939 with Germany's occupation of Poland .
实际执行的 生存博客 的概念开始于1939年例句德国 占领波兰 。
In 1941, the German leadership decided that in ten to 20 years, the Polish state under German occupation was to be fully cleared of any ethnic Poles and resettled by German colonists. [ 37 ] Ethnic Poles were cleared out of their houses so quickly that when colonists arrived, they found half-eaten meals on tables and unmade beds that small children had clearly been taken from. [ 38 ] Ethnic Germans from the Baltic States were racially evaluated, with the highest rating being O Ost-Falle , the best classification, to be settled in the Eastern Wall. [ 39 ] Colonisation incorporated 350,000 such "ethnic Germans" and 1.7 million Poles deemed Germanizable , including between one and two hundred thousand children who had been taken from their parents, plus about 400,000 German settlers from the "Old Reich". [ 40 ]
1941年，德国领导人决定，在10至20年，德国占领下的国家是波兰完全波兰人任何民族和清除。移居德国殖民者的 [ 37 ] 民族波兰人被清除出自己的房子这么快，当殖民者到达时，他们发现吃了一半。膳食表和没有整理床铺，小的孩子显然取自 [ 38 ] 德国民族从波罗的海国家 的最高评级有Ø在人种评估，例句 奥斯特- Falle ，最好的分类，要解决在东墙。 [ 39 ] Colonisation纳入350,000这样的“民族德国人”，170万波兰人认为 Germanizable ，包括一至两万名儿童被父母采取谁从他们，再加上德国定居者约40万“旧帝国”。 [ 40 ]
Later, the ideology was also a major factor in Hitler's launching of Operation Barbarossa in June 1941.
后来，也是思想发动的主要因素的希特勒 巴巴罗萨行动 在1941年6月。
The Nazis hoped to turn large areas of Soviet territory into German settlement areas as part of Generalplan Ost . [ 41 ] Developing these ideas, Nazi theorist Alfred Rosenberg proposed that the Nazi administrative organization in lands to be conquered from the Soviets be based upon the following Reichskommissariate :
纳粹希望把地区的大 苏联 领土到德国定居地区一部分 Generalplan奥斯特的 。 [ 41 ] 开发这些想法，纳粹理论家 阿尔弗雷德罗森堡 建议，在土地行政纳粹组织从苏联被征服依据的是以下 Reichskommissariate ：
名称 区
Ostland 在 波罗的海国家 ， 白俄罗斯 和俄罗斯西部地区毗邻。
乌克兰 在 乌克兰 ，减去 东加利西亚 和 罗马尼亚 控制的 德涅斯特 ，但向东延伸到 伏尔加河 。
Moskowien 在 莫斯科 市区和邻近大多数 俄罗斯欧洲部分 的，例句排斥 卡累利阿 和 科拉半岛 ，答应 芬兰 于1941年。
Kaukasus 在 高加索 地区。
该 Reichskommissariat 领土将扩展到在欧洲的前沿 乌拉尔 。
他们已经在早期阶段的位移和定居者剥夺俄罗斯和其他斯拉夫人民的置换和德国之后，纳粹 生存博客的即时奥斯滕 计划。 当德军进入苏联境内，他们及时组织和乌克兰政权在占领的头两个Ostland领土，在Reichskomissariats。 在第六军在失败的 斯大林格勒战役 在1942年，其次是败在 库尔斯克战役 在1943年7月和 盟军在西西里岛登陆 的实现提出终止该计划的。
============
The official German history of World War II was to conclude that the conquest of Lebensraum was for Hitler and the rest of the National Socialists the most important German foreign policy goal. [ 18 ] At his first meeting with all of the leading generals and admirals of the Reich on February 3, 1933, Hitler spoke of "conquest of Lebensraum in the East and its ruthless Germanization" as his ultimate foreign policy objectives. [ 19 ] For Hitler, the land which would provide sufficient Lebensraum for Germany was the Soviet Union , which for Hitler was both a nation that possessed vast and rich agricultural land and was inhabited by what Hitler saw as Slavic Untermenschen (sub-humans) ruled over by what he regarded as a gang of blood-thirsty, but grossly incompetent Jewish revolutionaries . [ 20 ] These people were not Germanizable in his eyes; only the soil was. [ 21 ] Total extermination was not required only because Eastern Europe was regarded as having people of Aryan/Nordic descent, particularly among their leaders. [ 22 ] No drop of German blood was to be lost or left behind for an alien race. [ 23 ]
官方的二战德国历史的世界是得出结论认为，征服 生存博客 希特勒是为社会党和其余国家是德国最重要的外交政策目标。 [ 18 ] 在他的海军将领会议上，第一次和所有的主要将领该 帝国 于1933年2月3日，希特勒谈到“征服 生存博客 ，其在东方无情的德国化“作为其外交政策的最终目标。 [ 19 ] 对于希特勒而言，这将提供足够的土地 生存博客 为德国是 苏联 ，希特勒是一个民族，两个拥有丰富的农业土地辽阔，是斯拉夫居住希特勒看到什么作为 劣等 （分人类）的统治渴了什么，他认为一个团伙的血液，但严重不称职的 犹太革命家 。 [ 20 ] 这些人不是 Germanizable 在他的眼里，只有土壤。 [ 21 ] 共有灭绝并不需要，只是因为东欧的领导人视为在/北欧血统，特别是其具有雅利安人。 [ 22 ] 无滴德国血统是丢失或离开比赛背后的外国人。 [ 23 ]
n accordance with Nazi blood and soil beliefs, it was to be turned into an agricultural breadbasket for Germany, and its cities destroyed as hotbeds of Russianness and Communism. [ 24 ] Even during the war itself, Hitler gave orders that Leningrad was to be razed with no consideration given for the survival and feeding of its population. [ 25 ] This would also ensure that blockades, unlike those of World War I, would not produce starvation in Germany. [ 26 ] The use of it to feed Germany was to help eliminate Slavs by starving millions to death. [ 27 ] Industry would also die off in this region. [ 27 ] The Wehrbauer , or soldier-peasants, settled there would maintain a fortified line that would prevent civilization from arising outside their settlements to threaten Germany. [ 28 ]
在纳粹按照 血缘和土壤 的信仰，它是将德国变成粮仓的农业，它的城市。摧毁共产主义温床俄罗斯属性和 [ 24 ] 即使在战争本身，希特勒下令将是列宁格勒被夷为平地其人口没有考虑给予喂养的生存和。 [ 25 ] 这也将确保封锁，不像我那些战后，德国不会产生饥饿英寸 [ 26 ] 它使用饲料德国帮助消除。斯拉夫人数以百万计的饥饿死亡 [ 27 ] 行业也死光了在这一地区。 [ 27 ] 的 Wehrbauer ，或士兵，农民，定居在那里将保持一致，防止强化文明他们从德国以外地方产生的威胁定居点。 [ 28 ]
Plans for western Europe were less severe, as the Nazis needed local cooperation and the local industry with its workers; furthermore, the countries were regarded as more racially acceptable, the assortment of racial categories being boiled down by the average German to mean "East is bad and West is acceptable." [ 29 ] Nevertheless, plans for the future included the annexation of the Scandavian countries, and also Alsace and Lorraine; Belgium and northern France would follow, while Great Britain might be annexed or kept as a puppet state. [ 30 ] Italy's withdrawal from the war led to the addition of northern Italy as part of the terriority to be annexed. [ 31 ]
欧洲计划为西部不太严重，因为纳粹所需的本地合作，与地方工业的工人，此外，随着越来越多的国家被认为可以接受的种族， 种族的类别品种 被归结由平均德语的意思是“东方坏的，西方是可以接受的”。 [ 29 ] 然而，对于未来的计划包括国家吞并Scandavian，也是阿尔萨斯和洛林，比利时和法国北部将遵循，而英国可能被兼并或状态保存为一个傀儡。 [ 30 ] 意大利的战争撤出导致terriority除了意大利北部的一部分，对被兼并。 [ 31 ]
In Hitler's view, the idea of restoring the 1914 borders of the Reich was absurd as those borders did not provide sufficient Lebensraum ; only a foreign policy that aimed at the conquest of the proper quantity of Lebensraum would justify the necessary sacrifices that war entailed. [ 32 ] In Hitler's view, history was dominated by a merciless struggle between different “races” for survival, and “races” that possessed large amounts of territory were innately stronger than those that did not. [ 33 ] Eberhard Jäckel has expressed a Primat der Außenpolitik (“primacy of foreign policy”) interpration of German foreign policy as opposed to the Primat der Innenpolitik ("primacy of domestic politics") thesis favored by some left-wing historians such as Timothy Mason .
在希特勒看来，这个想法在1914年边界内恢复 帝国 是荒谬的边界没有提供足够的 生存博客 ，只有一个外交政策，旨在于征服适量的 生存博客 将证明必要的牺牲，战争牵涉。 [ 32 ] 在的观点，历史的主导力量是为了生存而无情的斗争，在不同的“种族”和“种族”的数量的领土拥有大量的天生没有。希特勒强于那些 [ 33 ] 埃伯哈德：别再 表达了 Primat明镜Außenpolitik （“外交政策的首要地位”），德国外交政策的融会相对于 Primat明镜Innenpolitik （“国内政治的重要性”），作为这样的论断一些左翼历史学家青睐 蒂莫西梅森 。：
Jäckel wrote that since Hitler regarded the conquest of Lebensraum as his most important project, and since that could only be accomplished through war, domestic policy comprised simply preparing the nation for the inevitable struggle for Lebensraum . [ 34 ] It should be noted that the demand for lebensraum was not just a Nazi dream.
别再说，自认为是希特勒征服 生存博客 作为他最重要的项目，因为这只能通过战争来完成，由单纯的国内政策为国家准备为不可避免的斗争 生存博客 。 [ 34 ] 应当指出，需求对于 生活博客 不仅是一个纳粹的梦想。
At the London Economic Conference of 1933, the head of the German delegration, the Economics Minister Dr. Alfred Hugenberg of the German National People's Party , put forth a programme of German colonial expansion in both Africa and Eastern Europe as the best way of ending the Great Depression , which created a major storm at the conference. [ 35 ] For being indiscreet enough to advance the claim to Germany's lebensraum at a time when Germany was still more or less disarmed, Hugenberg was sacked from the German cabinet by Hitler. [ 35 ]
在 伦敦经济会议 的1933年，博士团长的德国delegration中，经济部长 阿尔弗雷德Hugenberg 的 德国国家人民党 ，提出了两个德国的殖民扩张在程序中 非洲 和 东欧 的最佳方式结束 大萧条 ，造成在会上一场大风暴。 [ 35 ] 对于不慎重，足以推动声称德国的 生存博客 而此时德国仍或多或少解除武装，Hugenberg被解职的 德国内阁 通过希特勒。 [ 35 ]
There are, however, many historians such as Martin Broszat and Hans Mommsen who dismiss this "intentionalist" approach, and argue that the concept was actually an "ideological metaphor" in the early days of Nazism . [ 36 ]
有，但是，如许多历史学家 马丁Broszat 和 汉斯蒙森 异动认为这个“intentionalist”的做法，认为这一概念实际上是一个“思想的比喻：”在初期的 纳粹主义 。 [ 36 ]
实际执行的 生存博客 的概念开始于1939年例句德国 占领波兰 。
In 1941, the German leadership decided that in ten to 20 years, the Polish state under German occupation was to be fully cleared of any ethnic Poles and resettled by German colonists. [ 37 ] Ethnic Poles were cleared out of their houses so quickly that when colonists arrived, they found half-eaten meals on tables and unmade beds that small children had clearly been taken from. [ 38 ] Ethnic Germans from the Baltic States were racially evaluated, with the highest rating being O Ost-Falle , the best classification, to be settled in the Eastern Wall. [ 39 ] Colonisation incorporated 350,000 such "ethnic Germans" and 1.7 million Poles deemed Germanizable , including between one and two hundred thousand children who had been taken from their parents, plus about 400,000 German settlers from the "Old Reich". [ 40 ]
1941年，德国领导人决定，在10至20年，德国占领下的国家是波兰完全波兰人任何民族和清除。移居德国殖民者的 [ 37 ] 民族波兰人被清除出自己的房子这么快，当殖民者到达时，他们发现吃了一半。膳食表和没有整理床铺，小的孩子显然取自 [ 38 ] 德国民族从波罗的海国家 的最高评级有Ø在人种评估，例句 奥斯特- Falle ，最好的分类，要解决在东墙。 [ 39 ] Colonisation纳入350,000这样的“民族德国人”，170万波兰人认为 Germanizable ，包括一至两万名儿童被父母采取谁从他们，再加上德国定居者约40万“旧帝国”。 [ 40 ]
Later, the ideology was also a major factor in Hitler's launching of Operation Barbarossa in June 1941.
后来，也是思想发动的主要因素的希特勒 巴巴罗萨行动 在1941年6月。
The Nazis hoped to turn large areas of Soviet territory into German settlement areas as part of Generalplan Ost . [ 41 ] Developing these ideas, Nazi theorist Alfred Rosenberg proposed that the Nazi administrative organization in lands to be conquered from the Soviets be based upon the following Reichskommissariate :
纳粹希望把地区的大 苏联 领土到德国定居地区一部分 Generalplan奥斯特的 。 [ 41 ] 开发这些想法，纳粹理论家 阿尔弗雷德罗森堡 建议，在土地行政纳粹组织从苏联被征服依据的是以下 Reichskommissariate ：
名称 区
Ostland 在 波罗的海国家 ， 白俄罗斯 和俄罗斯西部地区毗邻。
乌克兰 在 乌克兰 ，减去 东加利西亚 和 罗马尼亚 控制的 德涅斯特 ，但向东延伸到 伏尔加河 。
Moskowien 在 莫斯科 市区和邻近大多数 俄罗斯欧洲部分 的，例句排斥 卡累利阿 和 科拉半岛 ，答应 芬兰 于1941年。
Kaukasus 在 高加索 地区。
该 Reichskommissariat 领土将扩展到在欧洲的前沿 乌拉尔 。
他们已经在早期阶段的位移和定居者剥夺俄罗斯和其他斯拉夫人民的置换和德国之后，纳粹 生存博客的即时奥斯滕 计划。 当德军进入苏联境内，他们及时组织和乌克兰政权在占领的头两个Ostland领土，在Reichskomissariats。 在第六军在失败的 斯大林格勒战役 在1942年，其次是败在 库尔斯克战役 在1943年7月和 盟军在西西里岛登陆 的实现提出终止该计划的。
============
The official German history of World War II was to conclude that the conquest of Lebensraum was for Hitler and the rest of the National Socialists the most important German foreign policy goal. [ 18 ] At his first meeting with all of the leading generals and admirals of the Reich on February 3, 1933, Hitler spoke of "conquest of Lebensraum in the East and its ruthless Germanization" as his ultimate foreign policy objectives. [ 19 ] For Hitler, the land which would provide sufficient Lebensraum for Germany was the Soviet Union , which for Hitler was both a nation that possessed vast and rich agricultural land and was inhabited by what Hitler saw as Slavic Untermenschen (sub-humans) ruled over by what he regarded as a gang of blood-thirsty, but grossly incompetent Jewish revolutionaries . [ 20 ] These people were not Germanizable in his eyes; only the soil was. [ 21 ] Total extermination was not required only because Eastern Europe was regarded as having people of Aryan/Nordic descent, particularly among their leaders. [ 22 ] No drop of German blood was to be lost or left behind for an alien race. [ 23 ]
官方的二战德国历史的世界是得出结论认为，征服 生存博客 希特勒是为社会党和其余国家是德国最重要的外交政策目标。 [ 18 ] 在他的海军将领会议上，第一次和所有的主要将领该 帝国 于1933年2月3日，希特勒谈到“征服 生存博客 ，其在东方无情的德国化“作为其外交政策的最终目标。 [ 19 ] 对于希特勒而言，这将提供足够的土地 生存博客 为德国是 苏联 ，希特勒是一个民族，两个拥有丰富的农业土地辽阔，是斯拉夫居住希特勒看到什么作为 劣等 （分人类）的统治渴了什么，他认为一个团伙的血液，但严重不称职的 犹太革命家 。 [ 20 ] 这些人不是 Germanizable 在他的眼里，只有土壤。 [ 21 ] 共有灭绝并不需要，只是因为东欧的领导人视为在/北欧血统，特别是其具有雅利安人。 [ 22 ] 无滴德国血统是丢失或离开比赛背后的外国人。 [ 23 ]
n accordance with Nazi blood and soil beliefs, it was to be turned into an agricultural breadbasket for Germany, and its cities destroyed as hotbeds of Russianness and Communism. [ 24 ] Even during the war itself, Hitler gave orders that Leningrad was to be razed with no consideration given for the survival and feeding of its population. [ 25 ] This would also ensure that blockades, unlike those of World War I, would not produce starvation in Germany. [ 26 ] The use of it to feed Germany was to help eliminate Slavs by starving millions to death. [ 27 ] Industry would also die off in this region. [ 27 ] The Wehrbauer , or soldier-peasants, settled there would maintain a fortified line that would prevent civilization from arising outside their settlements to threaten Germany. [ 28 ]
在纳粹按照 血缘和土壤 的信仰，它是将德国变成粮仓的农业，它的城市。摧毁共产主义温床俄罗斯属性和 [ 24 ] 即使在战争本身，希特勒下令将是列宁格勒被夷为平地其人口没有考虑给予喂养的生存和。 [ 25 ] 这也将确保封锁，不像我那些战后，德国不会产生饥饿英寸 [ 26 ] 它使用饲料德国帮助消除。斯拉夫人数以百万计的饥饿死亡 [ 27 ] 行业也死光了在这一地区。 [ 27 ] 的 Wehrbauer ，或士兵，农民，定居在那里将保持一致，防止强化文明他们从德国以外地方产生的威胁定居点。 [ 28 ]
Plans for western Europe were less severe, as the Nazis needed local cooperation and the local industry with its workers; furthermore, the countries were regarded as more racially acceptable, the assortment of racial categories being boiled down by the average German to mean "East is bad and West is acceptable." [ 29 ] Nevertheless, plans for the future included the annexation of the Scandavian countries, and also Alsace and Lorraine; Belgium and northern France would follow, while Great Britain might be annexed or kept as a puppet state. [ 30 ] Italy's withdrawal from the war led to the addition of northern Italy as part of the terriority to be annexed. [ 31 ]
欧洲计划为西部不太严重，因为纳粹所需的本地合作，与地方工业的工人，此外，随着越来越多的国家被认为可以接受的种族， 种族的类别品种 被归结由平均德语的意思是“东方坏的，西方是可以接受的”。 [ 29 ] 然而，对于未来的计划包括国家吞并Scandavian，也是阿尔萨斯和洛林，比利时和法国北部将遵循，而英国可能被兼并或状态保存为一个傀儡。 [ 30 ] 意大利的战争撤出导致terriority除了意大利北部的一部分，对被兼并。 [ 31 ]
In Hitler's view, the idea of restoring the 1914 borders of the Reich was absurd as those borders did not provide sufficient Lebensraum ; only a foreign policy that aimed at the conquest of the proper quantity of Lebensraum would justify the necessary sacrifices that war entailed. [ 32 ] In Hitler's view, history was dominated by a merciless struggle between different “races” for survival, and “races” that possessed large amounts of territory were innately stronger than those that did not. [ 33 ] Eberhard Jäckel has expressed a Primat der Außenpolitik (“primacy of foreign policy”) interpration of German foreign policy as opposed to the Primat der Innenpolitik ("primacy of domestic politics") thesis favored by some left-wing historians such as Timothy Mason .
在希特勒看来，这个想法在1914年边界内恢复 帝国 是荒谬的边界没有提供足够的 生存博客 ，只有一个外交政策，旨在于征服适量的 生存博客 将证明必要的牺牲，战争牵涉。 [ 32 ] 在的观点，历史的主导力量是为了生存而无情的斗争，在不同的“种族”和“种族”的数量的领土拥有大量的天生没有。希特勒强于那些 [ 33 ] 埃伯哈德：别再 表达了 Primat明镜Außenpolitik （“外交政策的首要地位”），德国外交政策的融会相对于 Primat明镜Innenpolitik （“国内政治的重要性”），作为这样的论断一些左翼历史学家青睐 蒂莫西梅森 。：
Jäckel wrote that since Hitler regarded the conquest of Lebensraum as his most important project, and since that could only be accomplished through war, domestic policy comprised simply preparing the nation for the inevitable struggle for Lebensraum . [ 34 ] It should be noted that the demand for lebensraum was not just a Nazi dream.
别再说，自认为是希特勒征服 生存博客 作为他最重要的项目，因为这只能通过战争来完成，由单纯的国内政策为国家准备为不可避免的斗争 生存博客 。 [ 34 ] 应当指出，需求对于 生活博客 不仅是一个纳粹的梦想。
At the London Economic Conference of 1933, the head of the German delegration, the Economics Minister Dr. Alfred Hugenberg of the German National People's Party , put forth a programme of German colonial expansion in both Africa and Eastern Europe as the best way of ending the Great Depression , which created a major storm at the conference. [ 35 ] For being indiscreet enough to advance the claim to Germany's lebensraum at a time when Germany was still more or less disarmed, Hugenberg was sacked from the German cabinet by Hitler. [ 35 ]
在 伦敦经济会议 的1933年，博士团长的德国delegration中，经济部长 阿尔弗雷德Hugenberg 的 德国国家人民党 ，提出了两个德国的殖民扩张在程序中 非洲 和 东欧 的最佳方式结束 大萧条 ，造成在会上一场大风暴。 [ 35 ] 对于不慎重，足以推动声称德国的 生存博客 而此时德国仍或多或少解除武装，Hugenberg被解职的 德国内阁 通过希特勒。 [ 35 ]
There are, however, many historians such as Martin Broszat and Hans Mommsen who dismiss this "intentionalist" approach, and argue that the concept was actually an "ideological metaphor" in the early days of Nazism . [ 36 ]
有，但是，如许多历史学家 马丁Broszat 和 汉斯蒙森 异动认为这个“intentionalist”的做法，认为这一概念实际上是一个“思想的比喻：”在初期的 纳粹主义 。 [ 36 ]
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