考研英语语法精华总结

　　考研英语的语法其实包括了全部的语法，只要对它做总体的概括就可以熟记好。 　　一 、定语从句的回顾 　　Fruit that contains vitamin C can relieve a cold. 　　The man who we met yesterday is a famous psychologist. 　　This is the right book that you are looking for. 　　二、关系词充当宾语的时候 　　三、关系词充当主语 　　(1)谓语结构为实词 　　(2)谓语结构为be + 名词 　　四、先行词为the way 　　1.. 定语从句省略 　　A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, a micro-processor and memory, and a GPS (全球定位系统) satellite positioning receiver. (06.6旧) 　　She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. (06.6旧) 　　Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic (长久的) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent. (06.6旧) 　　It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.(07.12) 　　Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at annual rate of 3.9 percent, form 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. (07.12) 　　18. W: You had a job interview yesterday, didn’t you? How did it go? 　　M: Not too bad, I guess. There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales manager’s job. And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified. 　　Q: What does the man imply? 　　A) He is confident he will get the job. 　　B) His chance of getting the job is slim. 　　C) It isn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager. 　　D) The interview didn’t go as well as he expected. 　　Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. 09.12 　　汉密尔顿并不是第一位跨越大西洋到外国任职的教育家。 　　[nextpage] 　　When the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader (who is) familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. 科罗拉多大学董事会在遴选新校长时，想聘用一个与州政府熟悉的领导人，因为州政府是学校的主要资金来源。09.12 　　Career experts say that one of the ways (that) job seekers can stay safe while using the Internet to search out jobs is to conceal their identities. 职业专家说求职者用因特网找工作时保持安全的一个方法是隐瞒其真实身份。 　　虚拟语气 　　【1】if 引导的虚拟语气 　　1. 　　2. 倒装形式 　　Were I you (=if I were you) , I would get up early in the morning. 　　Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday (=If you had arrived…), you could have caught the train. 　　Should it rain (=If it should rain), the crops would be saved. 　　倒装： 　　全部倒装 　　在大学级别的考试中，应用是非常广泛的，包括在阅读、完形、写作以及翻译当中; 　　总共分为两种形式：全部倒装和部分倒装 　　全部倒装:主谓宾构成了正常的语序，把谓语动词提到了动词的前面，谓语动词直接发生在主语之前，那么就是全部倒装。 　　另外一种情况就是，仍然是主、谓、宾结构，谓语动词都有时态、人称的变化，把谓语动词上的助动词提到了主语的前面，这个就叫做部分倒装。 　　全部倒装的情况： 　　1. The bus is coming here. 　　Here comes the bus. 进行时态在变为倒装的时候要变为一般现在时。 　　2. Students went away. 　　Away went students. 　　3. The boy rushed out. 　　Out rushed the boy. 　　here/away/out/ 在英语当中称作方位副词或时间副词。 　　①当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为go，come等时通常用全部倒装。如果是进行时态的话，倒装后要改为一般现在时。 　　Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 方位副词或时间副词置于句首 　　② 如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。 　　The old man lives in the city center. 　　In the city center lives the old man. 　　A temple stands on the mountain. 　　On the mountain stands a temple. 　　③ 当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首，把be 动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。 　　Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 18. 　　On the floor lies a boy aged about 18. 　　Sitted on the ground are a group of young people. 　　eg. 访问北京的是300名日本青年。/ 300名日本青年正在访问北京。 　　300 Japanese young people are visiting Beijing. 　　Visiting Beijing are 300 Japanese young people. 　　全部倒装的情况： 　　①当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为go，come等时通常用全部倒装。 　　② 如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。 　　③ 当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首，把be 动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。 　　主要出现在阅读当中，在翻译当中考到全部倒装的可能性比较小。 　　部分倒装： 　　部分倒装的形式: 主谓宾保持原来的形式，谓语动词的助动词放到主语的前面。 　　1、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，这个句子就需要部分倒装 　　这类词语有hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, never, few, little, less, at no time, by no means, in no case, under no circumstance, in no way, on no account, on no consideration, no longer, not only等。 　　eg. He never smokes. 他从来不抽烟。 　　Never does he smoke. 　　eg. Not only did the customer complain about the food, he also refused to pay for 　　it. 这位顾客不仅仅抱怨食物不好，还拒绝付费。 　　eg. 在任何情况下我都不会相信你。Under no circumstance do I trust you. 　　2、当句首为only加状语的时候，这个句子需要部分倒装。 　　eg. Only with you can I feel happy. 　　eg. 只有当你来了这，我们才可以开始会议。 Only when you come, can we start the 　　meeting. 　　3、so......that 结构中的so位于句首时，常引起部分倒装 　　eg. He runs so fast that I can't catch up with him. 他跑得实在是太快了，以致于我 　　都没有办法追上他。 　　So fast does he run that I can't catch up with him. 　　eg. The moon was so bright that the flowers bright as by day. 皓月当空，花朵就像 　　白天那样的鲜艳。 　　So bright was the moon that the flowers bright as by day. 　　4、句子开头的as 处在第二个单词的位置上，表示虽然的意思。 　　eg. Although I am young, I can live by myself. 虽然我很小但是我却能养活自己了。 　　Young as I am, I can live by myself. 　　eg. Although she is a girl, she can support the whole family. 虽然她是个女孩，但 　　是她却可以养活整个家庭的人。Girl as she is, she can support the whole family. 　　eg. Although I like music very much,.... 　　Much as I like music,..... 　　5、常见的固定搭配结构中需要用倒装的情况。 　　hardly.....when.... 一......就...... scarcely .....when..... 　　hardly，scarcely 后面一定要用过去完成时，when 后面用一般过去时。 　　eg. Hardly had he seen me when he ran away. 他一看到我就跑开了。 　　eg. Hardly had the baby cried when his mother rushed to carry him. 婴儿一哭，他 　　妈妈就跑去抱他。 　　no sooner....than..... 一......就...... 　　no sooner 后面一定要用过去完成时，than 的后面用一般过去时。 　　eg. No sooner had they reached home than it rained more and more heavily. 他们一 　　到家，雨就越下越大起来。 　　the more ......the more... 越....越.... 　　eg. The harder you work, the happier you feel. 你工作越努力，就越觉得快乐。 　　[nextpage]倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。 　　全部倒装： 　　①当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为go，come等时通常用全部倒装。 　　② 如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。 　　③ 当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首， 　　把be 动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。 　　部分倒装： 　　1、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，这个句子就需要部分倒装。 　　2、当句首为only加状语的时候，这个句子需要部分倒装。 　　3、so......that 结构中的so位于句首时，常引起部分倒装 。 　　4、句子开头的as 处在第二个单词的位置上，表示虽然的意思。 　　5、常见的固定搭配结构中需要用倒装的情况。 　　hardly.....when....; scarcely .....when..... ;no sooner....than.....： hardly，scarcely，no sooner 后面一定要用过去完成时，when 后面用一般过去时;the more ......the more... 越....越.... ; 　　实例练习(1)： 　　1. 直到他完成使命(Not until he had fulfilled/finished his mission)did he realize that he was seriously ill. (08.06) 　　1.2. The witness was told that under no circumstance ( should he lie to the court ) 他都不应该对法庭撒谎。(07.12) 　　1.3. Only in the small town( does he feel secure and relaxed) 他才感觉安全和放松，he feels secure and relaxed. (07.6) 　　1.4. Not only ( did he charge me too much ) 他向我收费过高, but he didn't do a good repair job either. (06.6) 　　1.5. Only after I found out the truth( did I realize (that) he was innocent ) 我才意识到他是无辜的。 　　6. Not until the game had begun ( did he arrive at the sports ground )他才到达运动场。 　　阅读中的倒装： 　　1. Among the report are more outrageous(令人无法容忍的)findings - a Geman fertilizer described itself as "earthworm-friendly", a brand of flour said it was " non- polluting", and a British toilet paper claimed to be "environmentally friendlier".(05.06阅读) 　　该报道当中，有很多让人无法忍受的发现，如：一种德国肥料被描绘成“对蚯蚓无害”;一种新的品牌的面粉写道“没有任何污染”;还有一家英国公司的卫生纸被宣称为“环保者”。 　　2. Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become me reply to any and all provocations: I don't talk about that anymore.(07.06阅读) 　　几年前的一天，我说了一句话并最终成为我对任何和全部挑衅的回答：关于那个问题我再也不讨论了。 　　3. Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. (03.01阅读) 　　与新技术息息相关的是一些现代商人，他们日益看重国外生意的经济价值。 　　实例练习(2) 　　1. Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.(06.12阅读) 　　萃取自加拿大纽芬兰沿岸冰山的“冰水”在北美的受欢迎程度一再创出新高。 　　阅读当中遇到的句型： 　　一般情况下开始出现了地点状语或者是分词引导的一个状语结构，中间出现了谓语动词，后面出现一个主语，主语后面接上一些限定(包括从句、补充说明等)，这种形式就是出现的全部倒装的形式。 　　2. Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routs, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers/malls. (0606阅读) 　　公路系统不但为美国经济的发展提供了运输路线，还带动了一批诸如加油站、汽车旅馆、酒店、购物中心等相关行业的发展。 　　3. Only when it's gone do you wish you've done more to protect it.(0806阅读) 　　当你失去的时候，你才会希望自己原来能够多做点事情以保护好它。 　　only后面必须接状语的时候，句子才可以部分倒装。 　　eg. Only you can do this job. 　　4. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social issues related to chronic pain.(0706阅读) 　　我们不仅要找出疼痛的病因，帮助我们更好地治疗;还要提供综合疗法，治疗与慢性疼痛相关的抑郁症和其他心理与社交问题。 　　5. Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel.(0906阅读) 　　如果我不是参加了这次讲习班，我肯定会不由自主地认为那位男士候选人更合适，因为我们这个空缺的岗位需要频繁出差。 　　6. It is said that never before has man been so highly successful in his attempts to modify the weather on a very small scale. 　　据说人们从来没有过这么大的成功尝试用这么小的规模去描述气候。 　　一般情况下，全部倒装会在阅读中出现，只需要看出结构就可以了;部分倒装在翻译题中也会进行考查，在备考过程中还是要特别的关注。 更多语法精华总结请点击原文观看：http://www.dailyedu.com/renqun/daxue/4812.html