托斯卡纳：最接近天堂的人间
托斯卡纳是意大利中部的一个行政大区，也是其灵魂所在。这个被称为“华丽之都”的地方拥有着和煦的阳光、清澈的海水、静谧的田园风光、香醇的红酒以及中世纪的隐秘城堡，这些如梦如幻的象征符号历经千年的洗礼将托斯卡纳塑造成人间最接近天堂的地方。
Tuscany，an administrative region in the middle part of Italy，is the soul of the country. Known as the “Gorgeous Capital”, Tuscany has warm sunshine, clear waters, idyllic scenery, mellow wines and medieval castles, and all of the dreamy symbols have been baptized for thousands of years to make Tuscanyaplace on earth closest to heaven.
在托斯卡纳，皮恩扎算得上是最接近天堂的田园小镇了。世界上只有很少几个地方，早上可以如此优美地苏醒过来。窗外是随风起伏的田野，在阳光的照耀下，轻盈的薄雾顺着田野逐渐向西散去。一座白墙红窗的教堂立在远处的谷地中，充满某种天高地远的寂寞。即使一个画家，也很难把画面安排得如此自然。这样完美的风景却不是偶然天成的大自然的杰作，而是托斯卡纳人精心设计的结果。这里的人们就是有本事，让你找不到天然和人工的界线在哪里。
In Tuscany, Pienza is an idyllic town closest to heaven. There are only a few places in the world where we can wake up in such a beautiful morning. Outside the window is a windy field, along which the mist is quietly dissipated westward in the sun. A church with white walls and red windows stands in the distant valley, filled with kind of loneliness. Even for a talented painter, it is hard to arrange his picture so naturally. Such a perfect scenery, however, is not the masterpiece of nature, but the elaborate design of people in Tuscany. People here are full of creativity so that you cannot draw a clear distinction between the natural and artificial creations.
距离皮恩扎大约20公里的地方便是蒙特普齐亚诺小镇，这里是著名的葡萄酒产区。在托斯卡纳的众多小镇中，它并不算很知名。直到电影《暮光之城2》来此取景，才为更多游客所知。小镇海拔605米，建在高高的石灰岩山脊上，从山下的车站需要爬一段坡，经过一个拱门就算进入小镇了。曲折起伏的两边的是各种餐馆和商店，喜欢美酒的人来一杯正宗的贵族葡萄酒才算不虚此行。小镇的中心是将大教堂、市政厅和水井等集中在一起的大广场。围绕广场的还有著名的的康杜奇酒庄和一些私人宅邸，似乎都不对外开放，古老而神秘。
About 20 kilometers away from Pienza is a small town called Montepulciano, which is a famous wine region. Among the towns inTuscany, it was not well known to tourists until the film TheTwilight Saga: New Moon came here for shooting. At an altitude of605 meters, the town is built on a high limestone ridge, so youneed to walk up hill from the station below and then enter the town through an arched door. On both sides of the winding road are restaurants and shops. For those who like wines, it will be a worthwhile trip if he or she has a glass of authentic VinoNobile.The center of the town is Piazza Grande, which brings together Duomo, the town hall, Cisterna, etc. The square is surrounded by a famous winery called Contucci and some other private mansions, which seem to be closed, old andmysterious.
不同于皮恩扎的巧夺天工和蒙特普齐亚诺的小巧神秘，锡耶纳城是一座融合了中世纪建筑精华的古城。中世纪的锡耶纳商人和银行家曾在欧洲市场享有盛誉，使锡耶纳在13世纪达到全盛，一度成为与佛罗伦萨、威尼斯齐名的贸易、金融和艺术中心。这座中世纪时代的古城保存完整，游客也相对少一些，走在蜿蜒曲折的小巷中间，抬头便可看到高大的哥特式建筑。市政厅一侧的曼加塔高达102米，是锡耶纳最高的建筑物。顺着商店琳琅满目的城市街道一路前行，便到了哥特教堂中的经典代表锡耶纳大教堂。值得一提的是，城中贝壳形的田园广场与周围的景观融为一体，堪称中世纪城市设计的杰作。每年七、八月举行的赛马节便是在田园广场举办。
Unlike Pienza’s ingenuity and Montepulciano’s mystery, Siena isan ancient city that epitomizes the essence of medieval architectures. Merchants and bankers of Siena in the Middle Ages enjoyed a great reputation in European markets. As a result, Siena reached its peak in the 13th century,during which, it became at rading, financial and arts center, and was equally famous with Florence and Venice. The ancient city of the medieval times is best preserved because of fewer tourists, and walking in the middle of winding streets, you can see the tall Gothic buildings, among whichTorre del Mangia on one side of thecity hall is the tallest one. Walking along the busy street full of bustling crowds and all kinds of shops, you can see Duomo, a classic representative of Gothic churches. Better yet, blending with the surrounding landscape, these shell-shaped Piazza del Campo in the city can be called as a masterpiece of urban design in the Middle Ages. The Palio, or horseracing festival of July and August, isheld in Piazza delCampo.
作为托斯卡纳首府的佛罗伦萨，是文艺复兴的发源地，在历史的长河中闪耀着无比的光芒。这里的圣母百花大教堂无疑是欧洲最美的教堂之一。整座教堂除了外立面上的精雕细刻，最大的特色是整座教堂全部是用昂贵的卡拉拉大理石镶嵌建造而成，绚丽，华贵，宏伟。教堂对面的八角形建筑便是圣乔尼洗礼堂，比大教堂早了一个多世纪。洗礼堂最引人注目的是号称“天堂之门”的铜门，描绘了圣经里最著名的十个场景。除此之外，在佛罗伦萨，韦奇奥宫，乌菲兹美术馆，但丁故居等景点也绝对不能错过。
As the capital of Tuscany, Florence isthe birthplace of the Renaissance, which has been shining brightly in the long history. Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore of Florence is undoubtedly one ofthe most beautiful churches in Europe. The whole church, in addition to the fine carving on the facade, is built with expensive Carrara marbles which are especially majestic.The octagonal building opposite to the church is Battistero di SanGiovanni, more than a century older than the church. Due to its depicting ten most famous scenes of the Bible, the bronze door of the Battistero i scalled “the Door of Heaven”. In Florence, you can’t miss other attractions such as the Palazzo Vecchio, Galleriadegli Uffizi,Casa di Dante and so on.
在谈到托斯卡纳时，美国作家弗朗西斯·梅耶斯曾写道：“给我五辈子的时间，也不足以将这里探索完全”。托斯卡纳不断呈现出新的样子，每次到这里，总是会爱上一些新的东西。这里的一切都是正好。这里是最接近天堂的人间。
When referring to Tuscany, Francis Myers,an American writer, once wrote, “Another four life times are not enough for me to explore all things of Tuscany”. With constantlyshowing new looks,Tuscany always makes you fall in love with something new every time when you come here. Everything here is just perfect, and it is a place in the world closest to heaven.
作者：郝士民
指导老师：杨一铎 副教授
