【全浸伴读】-Tokyo Olympic 东京奥运背后的暗流涌动
全浸阅读=Total Immerse Dynamic eReading=TIDE
☺阅读建议 亚洲国家举办奥运的背后除了体育意外还有各种各样的驱动因素；对于日本来说，1940年奥运的流产，1964年奥运的辉煌，都是“the pass Japan”，被推迟的2020奥运顶着疫情逆流而上的背后，暗流涌动。。。
Tokyo Olympic-Minus The Shooting
Nationalism explains what rationality cannot
Analytical reading(in-depth reading)
P1①②③79words
①Fewer than 50 days remain before the apparently unstoppable opening of the 2020 summer Olympicgames in Tokyo. ②The pandemic led to their postponement last year. ③Today the clock is ticking down against a backdrop of resurgent infections of covid-19 in Japan, a state of emergency in Tokyo and nine other prefectures, hospitals filling up and widespread opposition to the games from the public, business folk and medical experts.
♖助读笔记
-ticking down agaist+backdrop+state+filling up+opposotion
-resurgent： come back，revive
-prefecture：县
TS：the clock is ticking down against
距2021年东京夏季奥运会开幕已不到50天了。此次奥运赛事可谓是势不可挡。新冠疫情导致其未能在去年如期举行。如今，日本疫情卷土重来，东京和其他9个都道府县进入紧急状态，各处医院人满为患，普通民众、商界人士和医学专家普遍反对举办这场赛事。在此背景下，开幕倒计时钟依旧在滴答前行。
P2①②③④81words
①All this counts for little in the eyes of the government and the International Olympic Committee ( IOC). ②The games are a go “barring Armageddon”, as one IOC member unhelpfully put it. Yet Armageddon is the real fear. ③The pace of vaccination in Japan has been snail-slow. Many foreign athletes will arrive unjabbed. ④The games risk going down in history as a massive superspreader event.
♖助读笔记
➢counts for little: not important, consider less
➢Are a go: it is a must
➢Barring:except for
➢Armageddon:
1.the site or time of a final and conclusive battle between the forces of good and evil; 2.the battle taking place at Armageddon; here both meanings applied: Tokyo Olympic is both the battle field and the battle itself. 东京奥运可能会成为末日大决战的战场也可能是末日大决战本身。
➢Unhelpfully: his words makes no help to the result, no contribution
➢Pace has been snail-snow: good writing
➢Unjabbed: Asia’s unjabbed arm, no be vaccinated; jab,poke abruptly
➢Risk going down in history: risk+doing; “going down ” makes people think of the reminding voice in the elevator, but now is in history, really “杀人诛心”
➢Massive superspreader event: this is a triple shots to underline it’s subsequence
TS1：the clock is ticking down
Ts2 :the game risks going down in history
在日本政府和国际奥委会（IOC）看来，以上种种反对之声无关紧要。“奥运会是一场“对抗末日决战的博弈。”一位国际奥委会成员如是说道，语气充满无奈。然而，真正的恐惧本身，是东京奥运成为了真正的末日决战；日本的疫苗接种慢如蜗牛。许多未经接种的外国运动员将抵达日本。因此本次奥运会极有可能作为一项大规模的疫情超级传播活动而遗臭万年。
P3①②③④⑤168words
①One reason for Japan's obduracy lies in its contractual obligations to the IOC. Another is the personal concern of the prime minister, Suga Yoshihide, not to lose face---and possibly support within the ruling party. ②But the establishment's sense of the Olympic games as serving a patriotic purpose should not be underestimated. ③Tokyo's Olympics were intended to banish a sense of being overtaken---"Japan passing", in the anglicised phrase---by a rising China and others following years of stagnation and the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Bad enough was 2020 passing. ④The games' total abandonment, in the herd thinking of the establishment, does not count as a blow for common sense. ⑤Rather, it could shatter the very notion that, as Mr Suga's predecessor put it, "Japan is back."
♖助读笔记
-one reason lies in....another is...
-obduracy：stubbornly refusing to change
-contractual obligation：契约义务
-establishment：the controlling group in politics or sociaty
-sense of ....as serving a ....purpose
-patriotic：vigorious support of one‘s country
-were intended to banish a sense of being overtaken by a rising China and -others +following...and ...(ing伴随状语）
-stagnation：lack of growth/development
-total abandonment
-herd thinking：group crowd drove flock
-count as a blow for common sense
-Blow: to fail to keep or hold
-Shatter the notion: blow,break into pieces
TS1：the clock is ticking down
Ts2 :the game risks going down in history
TS3: sense (of the game as serving a patriotic purpose)should not be underestimated
日本对奥运会有如此执念，原因之一在于其对国际奥委会的契约责任。另一个则来自首相菅义伟不想丢了面子的个人考虑，且其可能获得了执政党内部的支持。然而，当权者出于爱国主义而举办奥运会，这一观念亦不容低估。日本遭受了持续数年的经济停滞和爆发的福岛核灾难，在此期间中国和其他国家纷纷崛起，用英语化的说法来说，“日本已成过去式”。举办东京奥运会旨在消除这一颓势。日本过去的2020年可谓是糟心至极。当权派出于大众利益的考虑，完全放弃举办奥运会，并不算有悖于常理。但实际上，正如菅义伟的前任安倍晋三所言，此举可能会粉碎“日本重新崛起”的观念。
P4①②③76words
①The country has been somewhere near here before. ②In the 1930s Japan lobbied hard to host the 1940 Olympic games in Tokyo. ③It was to be Japan's moment to establish itself as a first-rate power. But like the pandemic today, war - Japan's own invasion of China in 1937 and a looming global conflict - overshadowed everything.The games were canceled.
♖助读笔记
-be somewhere near here before：alomst did
-lobby to host：
-it is sb‘s moment to
-looming: approaching/coming
-Overshadow: put shadow over
TS1：the clock is ticking down
Ts2 :the game risks going down in history
TS3: sense (of the game as serving a patriotic purpose)should not be underestimated
TS4: the country has been somewhere near here
在此之前，这个国家差一点就达成了举办奥运赛事的目的。早在上世纪三十年代，日本就极力游说，希望在东京举办1940年奥运会，毕竟这是标榜自己成为一等强国的绝佳机会。但正如今日的新冠疫情一样，1937年日本的侵华战争以及迫在眉睫的全球冲突使得这一赛事不再那么重要了。奥运会由此取消了。
P5①②③103words
①Japan's military adventurism contributed to the cancellation. ②Yet seeking to put a gloss on things, Kido Koichi, an adviser to Emperor Hirohito, declared that when peace reigned again, Tokyo would be ready to host the games and show the people of the world "the true Japanese spirit". ③After the war, Kido was condemned as a war criminal, but Tokyo was true to his word. In 1964 it put on a splendid games, which served as a modern, democratic coming-out party for Japan.
♖助读笔记
-Put a gloss on things: make things look better增光添彩
-reign：govern/control
-be condemned as: to pronounce guily
-Be true to one’s words: make it true
-coming-out party:a party to introduce sb/sth
TS1：the clock is ticking down
Ts2 :the game risks going down in history
TS3: sense (of the game as serving a patriotic purpose)should not be underestimated
TS4: the country has been somewhere near here
Ts5: Tokyo put on a splendid game in 1964
对于赛事的取消，日本的军事冒险主义负有责任。然而，裕仁天皇的顾问木户幸一为挽回颜面，宣称当重获和平之际，东京将做好举办奥运会的准备，并向世人展示“真正的日本精神”。战后，木户幸一沦为战犯，而东京实践了他的诺言。1964年，东京举办了一场精彩绝伦的奥运会，可谓是日本迈向现代化和民主化的盛装亮相。
P6①②③④112words
①Ever since, Asia's hostings of the summer games have carried a broader significance for the host nation and even its neighbours. ②The 1988 games in Seoul, the South Korean capital, were a catalyst for democracy, helping to end decades of authoritarian rule. ③China's communist leaders represented the Beijing games in 2008 as a return to historical greatness. In 2022 Beijing hosts the winter Olympics, as the Japanese government is all too aware.④ As Jeff Kingston of Temple University in Tokyo points out, not holding the games would hand a propaganda coup to China.
♖助读笔记
-carry a broader significance for: important
-Catalyst:fuel/spark
-Is all too aware: completely know
-Hand a coup to: pass the chance to win sth
-Propaganda: promote self, advocacy
TS1：the clock is ticking down
Ts2 :the game risks going down in history
TS3: sense (of the game as serving a patriotic purpose)should not be underestimated
TS4: the country has been somewhere near here
Ts5: Tokyo put on a splendid game in 1964
Ts6: Aisa's Hosting of the game have carried a broader significance
从那以后，在亚洲地区举办的夏季奥运会，无论是对主办国，还是邻国，都具有了更广泛的意义。1988年，韩国的首都首尔也举办了奥运会，此举如一剂民主催化剂，结束了数十年的独裁统治。中国共产党领导中国作为主办方于2008年举办了北京奥运会，由此重拾大国旧日辉煌。北京将于2022年举办冬奥会，日本政府对此当然一清二楚。正如坦普尔大学东京分校的杰夫·金斯顿所言，不能如期举办奥运赛事，等于把宣传的绝妙机会拱手让给了中国。
P7①②③④104words
①Yet such grand narratives, coupled with the region's brittle nationalisms, can rub up against each other. ②Some South Koreans, led by two former prime ministers, are calling for their country to boycott the Tokyo games. ③At issue is a speck that appears on the official online map of Japan's Olympic torch relay. ④It represents the rocky islets of Dokdo, controlled by South Korea but claimed by Japan,which calls them Takeshima. This week South Korea "strongly" urged Japan to amend the map..
♖助读笔记
-grand narratives：宏篇大略
-couple with：together with
-brittle：easy to be broken
-Rub up against: move against on surface
-Boycott: embark
-At issue is a speck: a speck is at issue, concern/problem
-Islets:small island
-Urge to: push to
-Dokdo vs Takeshita独岛竹岛韩日领土纷争
TS1：the clock is ticking down
Ts2 :the game risks going down in history
TS3: sense (of the game as serving a patriotic purpose)should not be underestimated
TS4: the country has been somewhere near here
Ts5: Tokyo put on a splendid game in 1964
Ts6: Aisa's Hosting of the game have carried a broader significance
Ts7: narratives rub up against each other
然而，这类宏大的叙述，与东亚地区一触即发的民族主义相结合，彼此间难免会产生摩擦。以两位前首相为首的某些韩国人呼吁自己的国家抵制东京奥运会。这场争议源于日本奥运火炬传递官方在线地图上出现的小斑点。此斑点代表着由韩国控制但日本宣称拥有主权的多岩岛屿独岛，日本称其为竹岛。本周，韩国“强烈”敦促日本修改地图。
P8①②11words
①Japan's Olympic organizers appear to have tweaked the Dokdo dot to make it harder to spot.② You now have to zoom in to see it. It has also been shaded, implying territorial ambiguity.
♖助读笔记
-tweak： adjust
-ambiguity：unclear/murky/obscurity/nebulosity
TS1：the clock is ticking down
Ts2 :the game risks going down in history
TS3: sense (of the game as serving a patriotic purpose)should not be underestimated
TS4: the country has been somewhere near here
Ts5: Tokyo put on a splendid game in 1964
Ts6: Aisa's Hosting of the game have carried a broader significance
Ts7: narratives rub up against each other
TS8: Japan tweaked the dot in map
日本奥运组织者似乎调整了代表独岛的圆点，使其更难以发现，要想看清楚的话，得放大来看。它也为阴影所掩盖，暗示着这片领土归属的模糊不清。
P9①②③163words
①Yet regardless of how the dot got on to the Olympic map, or of the modifications made to it, Alexis Dudden of the University hu of Connecticut argues that it serves as"the ultimate dog whistle” to revanchist Japanese, many in the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, who think that nothing their country did during its militarist phase, including the occupation of Korea, warrants an apology. ②Whoever put in the dot knew it would get a rise out of easy-to-offend South Koreans. Again, Ms Dudden concludes, Japan's far right shores up an unhealthy form of Japanese nationalism that is of no help in improving the rocky relationship between the two countries. ③And that is to say nothing about the want of sportsmanship in Japan's riling its neighbour. But then nobody ever said the games are only about sport.
♖助读笔记
-Yet Regardless of, or of...
-Dog whistle:
dog whistle （狗哨）来自澳大利亚英语，是澳大利亚牧羊人呼唤牧羊犬使用的一种高频口哨，其声音人听不到，只有牧羊犬能够听到。
大约1997年前后，dog whistle politics 开始在澳大利亚政界流行，比喻政客们表面说一套，背后的真实含义只有少数目标人群才能领会。
Republicans say they want to make civil rights for gays a state issue, which is really just a dog whistle strategy for saying that they will refuse to grant equal rights on a federal level.
共和党人说他们想把同性恋的公民权利变成一个州问题，这实际上只是一个狗哨政治策略，因为他们说他们将拒绝在联邦层面上给予平等的权利。
-Revanchist: one eager to recover lost territory
-Warrants an apology: justify/needs
-Get a rise out: make sb irritated or angry
-Easy-to-offend: east to be offended
-Far right: 极右主义
-Unhealthy form of
-Rocky relationship：difficult to improve
-The want of sportsmanship:运动精神
-Rile:to make agitated or angry vs get a rise out
-Shore up：
在帆船航行时代，海面上的船只如果遭到风暴或因其他原因而损坏，或者是淡水、粮食等资源短缺，就得靠岸进行补给或修复
If you shore up something that is weak or about to fail, you do something in order to strengthen it or support it.
The democracies of the West may find it hard to shore up their defences.
西方的民主国家可能发现很难加固自己的防御。
To shore up, 是支持，支撑的意思。
"The new recruit will help shore up the team's defense," 这名新来的球员会增加球队的防守能力。
"The International Monetary Fund agreed to a $3 billion loan to help shore up Egypt's finances after Mubarak's ouster," 国际货币基金组织同意向埃及提供30亿美元贷款，帮助穆巴拉克被赶下台后的埃及走过金融困境。
"Toyota's president visited South Korea recently in order to shore up support for the brand," 日本丰田汽车公司总裁最近访问韩国，为丰田品牌争取支持。
"The purpose of the trip was to sell his economic plan and to shore up support for his re-election bid in politically crucial states," 总统此行目的是推销他的经济计划，并为竞选连任寻求关键州的支持。"President Obama tried to shore up the failing economy by increasing taxes on wealthy people," 巴马想通过增加富人收入所得税来巩固和加强经济。
TS1：the clock is ticking down
Ts2 :the game risks going down in history
TS3: sense (of the game as serving a patriotic purpose)should not be underestimated
TS4: the country has been somewhere near here
Ts5: Tokyo put on a splendid game in 1964
Ts6: Aisa's Hosting of the game have carried a broader significance
Ts7: narratives rub up against each other
TS8: Japan tweaked the dot in map
Ts9: just a dog whistle, not want of sportsmanship
然而，不管这个圆点是如何出现在奥运地图上，也不管对它做了什么修改，康涅狄格大学的亚历克西斯·杜登认为，这个圆点对于日本复仇主义者来说，就是一枚“最好的狗哨”。许多复仇主义者为执政党自民党成员，他们认为日本在军国主义时期所做的一切（包括占领韩国）无需道歉。不管是谁把这个小圆点放在地图上，都明白此举将成功惹恼易怒的韩国人。杜登女士再次总结道，日本极右翼势力再次助长了危险的日本民族主义，将不利于改善日韩之间危机重重的关系。当然也不是说日本在激怒其邻国时有失体育道德风范。但自此之后，谈到奥运会，不会有人说其仅仅关乎体育运动了。
♖Take away
1. shore up: to support
2. The flow of reading dynamic
全浸阅读中的思考和节奏，重点是keep the flow and the reading dynamic
3. 描写一个事件背后更深的驱动， 这篇文章可以收藏作为同类型的典范.
4. suggest reading：George orwell The Sporting Spirit
