加拿大高分Essay的写作指南!
《留学指南》瓶颈了,然后我又考虑到好久没更新了,又考虑到快开学了,又考虑到好多人问我在加拿大怎么写作文的问题,我决定写这篇《高分作文的正确姿势》。(´・н・‘)
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目录
- Q&A
- 几个概念
- 作文框架结构
- 宇宙无敌·最强·最完美·最详细·高分·作文模板
- 基础版
- 不基础·超详细·超正式·超完美·终极版
- Comparison Essay模板
- 高分技巧
- 其他Essay注意事项
- 附录:关联词
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Q:加拿大的作文是什么东西?
A:这次要讲的作文就是高中俗称的Essay。(Lab Report什么的我本身也非常无力,看看下次能不能勾搭大神来写。)
Q:记叙文?议论文?
A:英语课的essay里100%都是总分总式议论文。另外,偶尔老师也会让写个journal练练手什么的。没写过记叙文,和国内完全不一样哦。【冷漠一笑
Q:作文是怎么打分的啊?
A:在加拿大,布置作业前会有一张名叫rubric的说明。其中会详细地说明打分标准,精确到每一分。大家在写作文之前一定要认真看,然后再结合这篇文章的内容来写essay。
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几个概念
首先,必须区分一下这几个概念:
Topic 标题/题目:这就是你的作文的标题。举例:《高分Essay的正确姿势》就是这篇专栏的标题。
Theme 主题/主旋律:这是一个不包含观点的主题,作文的大方向。仅仅是一个方向,让你知道你要写什么。举例:Love,Loyalty,Innocence,Power,American Dream,Humanity等,只是个方向。
General Idea 总:一个笼统、概括的观点。在文章中的表现方式为Thesis。
Specific Idea 分:支持、解释、介绍论点的观点。在文中的表现方式为Topic Sentences。
Thesis 论点:一个观点。对所论述问题的见解和主张。举例:“True love does not exist.” “There is no absolute loyalty.” “美国梦只是虚幻缥缈、毫无意义的一场梦。” 就像我举的这几个例子,你的论点可以很叛逆,可以很与众不同,可以和普世价值观相悖,但是不能恶劣(比如说,我就是讨厌同性恋,我觉得黑人就是很粗鲁什么的)。就像在国内你不能毫无根据地抹黑政府,在国外你也不能堂而皇之地政治不正确。
Supporting Ideas(Topic Sentences)观点/论据:支持、解释、介绍论点的句子。
Conclusion 总结:Essay中很重要的一部分。总结全文的内容(topic sentence和thesis)。
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作文框架结构
在加拿大,所有的英语课essay都要遵循以下的框架。只有在知道了框架的前提下,我们才能写好一篇作文。如果把作文比作一条烤鱼,框架就是魚的脊椎骨+大骨头。
- Introduction 总起
- 这一段要介绍小说内容,作者等等的背景资料,顺便引出你的theme。最后说明你的TS和thesis。
- Body Paragraphs 分段
- 数量一般为3的倍数。从三个角度(找三个论据,一般是小说中的的三个quotation)支持你的论点。
- Conclusion 总结
- 总结你的论点和文章。


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宇宙无敌·最强·最完美·最详细·高分·作文模板
—— “李瑶桐,你这中二什么时候能去治治啊?”
—— “滚犊子。【一记上勾拳】”
接下来来说一下作文的“模板”。这个是我们学校英语老师总结的。所有的高中essay都可以按照这个模板来写。因为思路清晰、条理清楚,分数绝对不会低于80%。如果把作文比作一条烤鱼,这个模板就是烤鱼的鱼刺。延伸到烤鱼身体每一部分的鱼刺。
>>> 基础版(非围绕小说的essay / journal)
Introduction
Body Paragraph #1
Body Paragraph #3
Conclusion
- 注:conclusion这个自然段,绝对,绝对,绝对不能出现新的idea和内容。
_____ .∞ .∞ .∞ .∞ _________ .∞ .∞ .∞ .∞ _________ .∞ .∞ .∞ .∞ _________ .∞ .∞ .∞ .∞ _____
>>> 不基础·超详细·超正式·超完美·终极版(小说类essay)
Introduction
Body Paragraph #1
Body Paragraph #2
Body Paragraph #3
Conclusion
_____ .∞ .∞ .∞ .∞ _________ .∞ .∞ .∞ .∞ _________ .∞ .∞ .∞ .∞ _________ .∞ .∞ .∞ .∞ _____
>>> Comparison Essay模板
Introduction
Body Paragraph #1
Body Paragraph #2
Body Paragraph #3
Body Paragraph #4
Body Paragraph #5
Body Paragraph #6
Conclusion
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高分技巧
当你有了烤鱼的一整个骨架的时候,我们需要的就是把鱼肉填进去了。所以,我们所创作的内容,我们所写的文字,我们所要表达的思想,就是鱼肉。这也是对于文章最重要的一点。
那么,当拥有了【宇宙无敌·最强·最完美·最详细·高分·作文模板】之后,我们该如何进一步写好一篇essay并取得高分呢?
1. 听课、读书、积累
首先,最重要的技巧就是在平时要多看书啊。写东西还是要靠积累的。不积累的话,思而不学则殆。脑子里空空如也,写作文的速度会慢很多,写出来的也只能是平淡无奇,空洞干瘪的文字。垃圾的我曾经就面临过这种问题。学霸同学写的东西字字有力,句句见解深刻。而我只能一句一句一边编一边挤,相当弱鸡。不仅文章内容高下立判,分数差也令人发指。
所以,英语课作文能写好的最重要的一点就是要上课听讲。一般essay要写的东西都是围绕最近学习的小说。比如读完To Kill A Mockingbird,可选theme就会Innocence,Prejudice。读完The Great Gatsby,就可以写:American Dream,Loyalty什么的。这些可写的内容,老师在课上一定会花大量时间去讲,当然也会有笔记。所以,只要上课听懂了理解了,等到写的时候就会笔下生风,拿老师所讲的内容抛砖引玉,结合自己的理解写出想说的东西。
2. 看Rubric
如前面所说。Rubric就是一个类似于评分标准的东西。老师的给分点会清晰地罗列出来。在写essay之前最好认真读一遍,看看老师有没有什么特别的要求或者特殊的偏好。最好能一边写essay一边对照着rubric来看,一点一点地确认是不是符合每条要求。
3. 开写之前做好充分准备
好像这样说很空洞很没条理,所以我决定列一个写essay的步骤给大家做参考。
- 查看Rubric,确认作文的种类和老师的要求(可选的theme等),对作文方向有一个大致的把握。
- 翻阅笔记,看看老师在平时哪个theme说的最多。也看看自己对哪个theme的理解比较深刻。以此来决定你要写的theme。
- 拿一张A4纸(或草稿纸)做Brain Storming。至少写出三个theme。每一个theme都写一条thesis。然后分别写出3个supporting idea。然后看看哪一个theme比较“好写”(意思是有自己的理解,有的说,并且可以自圆其说)。
- 决定你的Theme!然后用一张好一点的纸,重新列出你的thesis和supporting idea,以及其他灵光一现的idea和句子。
- 翻开小说,决定要选用的quote。(这个步骤就要求对小说有深刻的理解和记忆了。这样才能选出合适的quote来借用作者的话表达自己的意思。)
- 准备好笔记、rubric放在一旁,写一份outline。填满【宇宙无敌·最强·最完美·最详细·高分·作文模板】中的每一个部分。
- 新建一个文档,做好封面页。
- 对照着outline开写!注意起承转合,注意关联词的使用。把生硬死板的outline转化成一篇流畅的一气呵成的文章。
- 读一遍,适当润色。检查语法错误等。
- 按照老师的要求,用正确格式书写work cited。
- 保存,存档。上传Turnitin(如果有要求),打印装订。
- 给李瑶桐发个红包,资助她治一治她的中二病。
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其他Essay的注意事项
- 字数一般没有限制(然而写少了会说不清楚,写多了会拖沓。)一般情况:
- 9~10年级日常作文在500~800字之间,期末大作文在1000~2000之间。
- 11~12年级日常作文在1000~1800之间,期末大作文在2500~3500之间。
- 作文使用现在时。在谈论书中内容说除外。
- 正式Essay中使用第三人称,全文中不可以出现”I“,也就是”我“。所以也不能说”我认为“,”我想“,”in my opinion“之类的。只能说”xxx reveals...“或”xxx indicates...“
- 注意多使用transition words <关联词>。数量和分数绝对成正比。
- 排版统一为11或12号字体。要double-space(行间距为2),在纸上写的话就是写一行空一行。
- works cited。注意使用老师要求的格式,把文字引用的全部内容标示出来。否则算作plagiarize 抄袭。(是个很严重很严重的事情)。
- 注意老师的pet peeves(个人偏好): 比如我的英语老师就不喜欢我们写:”orphan this, evidently, this quote“。当然,大部分老师在这部分都会对留学生放宽松。
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最后附一份我在网上找的关联词,简单整理了一下。然而实在找不到作者....欢迎作者联系我。谢谢。
1) 次序关系: At this time first; second; at last; next; previously; simultaneously; eventually; last but not least; to begin with; to start with; to end with; finally; seeing...; since then; first of all; afterwards; following this; preceding this. 2) 因果关系: because; because of this; being that; another important factor/reason of... since; as; for; in that...; owing to; due to; for the reason that...; in view of; the reason seems to be obvious; there are about... for this reason; as a result of this; therefore; ...and so...; consequently; as a result; thus; hence; so; so that...; in consequence; as a consequence; accordingly; inevitably; under these conditions; thereupon. 3) 转折关系: but; even so; however; though; even though; independent of; reckless of despite that; in spite of that; regardless of; yet...; and yet; but unless. 4) 并列关系: and; also; too; as well as; either...,or...; both...and... 5) (补充)递进关系: furthermore; moreover; further; In this way still; not only...but also...; not...but...; in addition (to); additionally, much more interesting, more specifically, next, besides; as far as... is concerned; moreover; in other words; along this line of consideration; on the one hand...,on the other hand...; even; as a poplar saying goes...; in order to do it...; meanwhile; at the same time; accordingly; In the first place..., in the second place...; equally important; of even greater appeal. 6) 比较关系: similarly; in like manner, in comparison with; when compared with; compared with; when in fact...; like...; likewise; similarly important; apart from (doing)...; ... rather than...,by doing so ; both…and...; in the same way; not only...but (also). 7) 对照(不同点): yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other way around; yet; conversely; unlike; opposed to; as opposed to in contrast (to); by way of; on the contrary; different from this; as opposed to this; nevertheless; contrary to; whereas; while; but on the other hand. 8) 举例关系: for example; for instance; in this case; namely; as you know; you may as/say; as he explains; like; such as; a case in point is...; consider...; in particular; including...; for one thing...;for another...; put it simply; stated roughly; as an illustration, I will say...; a good example (of...)would be...; to detail this,I would like to...; It is interesting to note that...; in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example (something); as for; as regards; as to; according to; on this occasion. 9) 强调关系: in fact; especially; particularly; moreover; naturally; what is more important; in reality; certainly; of course; indeed; in particular; not to mention...; believe it or not; undeniably; other thing being equal; it is certain/sure that...; to be strict; to be true; by definition; definitely; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in any event(不论怎样); without reservation (毫无保留地); obviously, not only… but(also...), both... and... 10) 条件关系: if; unless; lest; provided that; if it is the case; in this sense; once...; if possible; if necessary; if so; if not all; if anything. 11) 归纳总结类: in other words; on the whole; in sum; therefore; hence; in short; in brief; to sum up; in conclusion; in summary; to conclude; the conclusion can be drawn that...; for this reason; in short. 12) 地点关系: beyond; opposite to; adjacent to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there; above; below; at the right; between; on this side. 13) 目的关系: with this object; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; so that; on that account; in case; with a view to; for the same reason. 14) 重申关系: in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again. 15) 结果关系: accordingly; thus; consequently; hence; therefore; thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence; because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...); so... as to. 16) 顺序关系: first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the outset (在开始时),following this; at this time; now; at this point; after; afterward; after this; subsequently; lastly; finally; consequently; before this; previously; preceding this; simultaneously; concurrently(同时). 17) 时间关系: at once; immediately; at length; in the mean time; meanwhile; at the same time; in the end; then; soon; not long after; later; at once; at last; finally; some time ago; at present; all of a sudden; from this time on; from time to time; since then; when; whenever; next point; a few minutes later; formerly; as; once; since; occasionally; in a moment; shortly; whereupon; previously. thereafter。
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