雅思相关 - 话题相关词汇 和 深入词汇
from Simon‘s http://ielts-simon.com
话题相关词汇 和 深入词汇 （less common, 不常见的，按照后面文中意思，应该可以理解为 深入）
话题相关词汇
例子：如果题目是有关“气候变化”的话，‘pollution’ 就是对应的话题相关词汇，大家都会用的
深入词汇
还是“气候变化”这个题目，pollution这个词看起来就挺普遍的，一般雅思考生都知道的。那有什么词汇不那么常见的呢。
burning fossil fuels
化石燃料 - 之所以用 fossil 是因为都是from organic material over the course of millions of years The burning of fossil fuels is the primary cause of current climate change, altering the Earth’s ecosystem and causing human and environmental health problems.
greenhouse gas emissions
温室气体排放
carbon footprint （碳足迹）
表示为了满足人类生活而产生的温室气体排放量，通常用二氧化碳量来表示
- A carbon footprint is defined as the total amount of greenhouse gases produced to directly and indirectly support human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide (CO2).
become carbon neutral
碳中和是指国家、企业、产品、活动或个人在一定时间内直接或间接产生的二氧化碳或温室气体排放总量，通过植树造林、节能减排等形式，以抵消自身产生的二氧化碳或温室气体排放量，实现正负抵消，达到相对“零排放”。
renewable energy sources
再生能源资源
这些词汇，更加深入的讨论了气候变化，也能展示了你对这一话题有更多的词汇量
上面这些例子都是一些词组，而不是一些深奥难懂的单词。如果你想考7分或以上，这些话题相关的短语词汇就是你所需要的。
---
from Simon‘s http://ielts-simon.com
burning of fossil fuels 的可以背一下以下的。挑一些背，基本相关的考试就套这些够了吧。。。
The burning of fossil fuels affects the Earth system in a variety of ways. Some of these ways include:
- Releasing the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) into the atmosphere, which intensifies the greenhouse effect (the re-radiation of heat in the atmosphere), increasing the Earth’s average air temperatures. These greenhouse gases can remain in the atmosphere for decades to hundreds of years.
- Emitting an array of pollutants that reduce air quality and harm life, especially sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and airborne particles such as soot. Poor air quality can cause respiratory disease.
- The airborne particles also increase the reflectivity of the atmosphere, which has a slight cooling effect. The reason is that the airborne particles, such as soot and sulfate aerosols (from sulfur dioxide), reflect some sunlight back into space, increase cloud formation, and make clouds more reflective. The net effect of burning fossil fuels is warming because the cooling is small compared with the heating caused by the greenhouse effect, in part because airborne particles only stay suspended in the atmosphere for a few days to months, while greenhouse gases that cause warming remain in the atmosphere for many decades to hundreds of years.
- Changing patterns of snow and ice melt. Airborne particles (especially soot) that settle on snow increase the absorption of sunlight due to their dark color, heating the surface of the snow causing melting. In certain parts of the world, the presence of soot (in addition to global warming) has caused winter ice and snow melts earlier and faster today than in previous decades, which also changes local patterns of freshwater availability.
- Using large amounts freshwater. Power plants that burn fossil fuels cool their systems by removing freshwater from local rivers and lakes. The warm water returned to nearby ecosystems can cause stress for local species.
