双语阅读:时间过得越来越快是真的,地球的旋转速度比原来快了
现在地球旋转的速度比过去半个世纪以来的任何时候都要快
翻译:涂博士
如果你觉得2020年过得太慢了,你肯定想象不到实际上2020年的时间是过得更快了,而且今年还会更快。
最近一段时间地球在以异常快的速度旋转,7月19日是有记录以来记录到的最短的一天,这天地球自转的时间比通常的86,400秒要少1.4602毫秒。

去年有28天比2005年最短的那天还要短,而2021年有望成为有史以来过得最快的一年,平均每天过得比平常要快0.5毫秒。
人们只有在1960年代开发出高度精确的原子钟并将其与天空中的固定恒星进行比较之后,才发现了标准日长的变化。
最近几十年来,地球的平均自转速度一直在下降,自1970年代以来,为了让原子钟与越来越慢的地球保持同步,原子钟维护者不得不在原子钟时间上增加了27“闰秒”。
最后一次加时间是在2016年元旦前,当时世界各地的时钟都暂停了一秒钟,以使地球的自转能够跟上时钟的时间。
在星期天,这个太阳日时长只有23小时59分钟59.9998927秒,然后在星期一地球旋转又稍微慢下来一点点,使得周一太阳日的时长比24小时略多一点点。
但是在整个2021年期间,预计原子钟将会累积约19毫秒的延迟。
对于大多数人来说,要感受到地球旋转变化带来的时间变化可能需要数百年的时间,但对于现代卫星通信和导航系统来说,只有时钟的时间与太阳,月亮和恒星的常规位置一致才能让系统工作不出问题。
总部位于巴黎的国际地球自转服务局的科学家和官员的任务就是监测地球的自转并提前六个月告知世界各国何时必须给时钟添加或减去闰秒。
潮汐的摩擦和地球与月球之间距离的变化都会导致地球每天在其自转轴上旋转的速度会有所不同。
甚至高山上积雪和夏天积雪的融化也会影响到地球的旋转。
全球变暖导致的高海拔地区的冰雪融化,虽然影响有限,也还是会让地球转得更快一些。
在开始阅读英文原文之前,请先复习下列核心词汇:
spin - n. 高速旋转,自转
drag - n. 拖沓
rotation - n. 旋转
track - n. 轨道,小道
nippy - adj. 寒冷的,动作快的
conventional - adj. 传统的,常规的
position - n. 位置,地方
millisecond - n. 毫秒
solar - adj. 太阳的
solar day - 太阳日
average - adj. 平均的,一般的
sync - synchronize 的缩略词
in sync with - 与……同步
timekeeper - n. 时间记录员,计时员
navigation - n. 导航
tide - n. 潮,潮汐
variation - n. (数量、水平等的)变化,变更
axis - n. 轴,旋转轴
melting - adj. 融化的
elevation - n. 高度,海拔
在复习了以上词汇后,请将下面的英文原文一口气读完,不要在中途停下来去查那些不认识的单词。有了上面的核心单词打底,你完全可以将整篇文章读完并且理解里面的大致意思。记住,你只要做到大致明白就可以了。
阅读能力和阅读量成正比,要提高阅读量,必须是大量的泛读,如果要对每个不懂的单词都去查字典,那么就不可能通过大量的泛读来提高你的阅读量。
这篇英语原文是《涂博士原版听读写辅导课》直播班上用来训练学员快速阅读的文章之一。能够快速阅读各个领域的原版文章并找出文中的核心内容,是真正学好英语的最最基础的技能之一,另一个最最基础的技能就是听得懂原版的广播。有了这两个最最基础的技能打底,学员就可以利用好网上大量的原版英语文章和听力资源,不出国就可以把自己沉浸在英语的环境当中。在建立起强大的语感之后,口语和写作能力都会自然成长起来。
如果你对某篇泛读文章特别喜欢,可以在泛读一遍以后再慢慢地精读。如果在精读的过程中对某些句子不是太明白需要讲解,或者你希望以后多看到哪方面的双语阅读,欢迎直接联系涂博士。
The Earth is spinning faster now than at any time in the past half century
Sarah Knapton
The Telegraph
If 2020 felt like a drag, you may be surprised to discover it actually went faster than you thought ... and this year is set to be even speedier.
The Earth has been spinning unusually quickly lately, and July 19 saw the shortest day since records began, with the planet completing its rotation in 1.4602 milliseconds less than the usual 86,400 seconds.
The previous shortest day in 2005 was beaten 28 times last year, and 2021 is on track to be the most nippy year ever, with the average day passing 0.5 milliseconds faster than usual.
The changes to the length of a standard day were only discovered after highly accurate atomic clocks were developed in the 1960s and compared to fixed stars in the sky.
In recent decades, Earth's average rotational speed has consistently decreased and timekeepers have been forced to add 27 leap seconds to atomic time since the 1970s to keep clocks in sync with the slowing planet.
The last one was added on New Year's Eve 2016, when clocks around the world paused for a second to allow the Earth's rotation to catch up.
On Sunday, the solar day lasted just 23 hours, 59 minutes and 59.9998927 seconds, then slowed down on Monday to a little more than 24 hours.
However, in the course of 2021, atomic clocks are expected to accumulate a lag of about 19 milliseconds.
While it would take hundreds of years for the difference to become obvious to most people, modern satellite communication and navigation systems rely on time being consistent with the conventional positions of the Sun, Moon and stars.
It is the task of scientists and officials at the International Earth Rotation Service, based in Paris, to monitor the planet's rotation and inform countries when leap seconds must be added or taken away six months in advance.
The friction of the tides and the change in distance between the Earth and the Moon all make for daily variations in the speed the planet rotates on its axis.
Even the snow building up on mountains and melting in the summer can shift the rotation.
Global warming will also have an effect by melting ice and snow at higher elevations, causing the Earth to spin faster, although only by a small amount.