英语会话原理

英语会话原理 chapter1人与事物原理 1 人与事物平等 事物会动、会说话，可以给事物东西 The building looks east. John was on the bottle. What's your first impression of Korea? The desk has served me for ten years. If it rains tomorrow, the meeting may be put off. She was surprised at the news. The book tells you how to communicate. The building looks easy. My watch says it's eight o'clock. Jane is giving the tube another squeeze. David's back gave him a lot of pain. The illness kept David in the hospital last week. These pills bring relief from the pain. 缓解 Tight shoes are hurting Susan 's feet. Her feet are killing Susan. Loose shoes will relieve her pain. 缓解 Washing cars gave Jane pain in her hands. Jane gave the cloth tight squeezes. It took Jane all afternoon to finish it. 2. 及物动词 laugh,dream,kiss这样的动作或现象可以像物品一样被拥有或交换。拥有laugh,拥有dream,给kiss. Put yourself in my shoes. I'll give you a call. Tom gave the door a hard push. Catch a bit of sleep. Susan gave John's shoes a good polish. 擦亮 The beach gave Tom a nasty sting. 恶毒，叮咬 Tom had a fall and broke his arm. Susan put the cream on the scar. 药膏，伤口 Give me a song. Give me a kiss on my cheek! Can you give me a hand with this table? Put your books in order. Who gave you permission to do that? You need to take a bit more care with your spelling. 3. have 用法：能够涵盖抽象概念 Susan had indigestion yesterday. Susan has a pain in her lower abdomen. 腹部肚子 Susan has trouble breathing. Tom has no ear for music. Tom has a great respect for his father. Join's room has a good view. 4 及物动词的多种用法 及物动词可以有多种作用对象 put,get,bring,take I always get a headache, if I get the flu. Don't put the blame on me. John brought his car to a stop in front of the house. The this room gets very little sunshine. He put his fist through a glass door. Can I get a refill? Tom's watch loses one minute a day. Tom lost his balance and fell off the ladder. Tom lost interest in math. John's new job has put a great strain on him. 负担 Jane tried to put John at ease. Jim put a limit on Tom's allowance. 零花钱 Spring brings warm weather and flowers. Put the water in a pot and bring it to a boil. Please put me down near here. 5 基本及物动词加名词的常用固定组合 John had a read of newspapers. John makes an early start for work. They're taking a leak. 小便 A dog took a bite out of Tom' sandwich. Tom took a lovely look at the dog. Tom takes a great interest in all kinds of animals. A lion took a nap in a zoo. Tom made an angry gesture to the lion. 手势 The lion didn't make any response to Tom. Susan made a big noise in a class last week. Susan didn't make a good impression at school. Susan took her mistake and made a lot of changes at school. John makes a phone call to Jane every day. Join makes an appointment with a dentist every month. 预约 David has made a lot of donations for children. 捐赠 Chapter2 空间原理 常用表示空间的短语表示人的动作。 6. be+空间介词 on,under,in,out. 英语喜欢用空间做各种描述和表达。under不仅可以表示具体的方位，还可以表示行为正在进行的状态或受到某种条件限制的状态。under construction 施工中，under contract 有合约。 John was on the bottom for two years. 酗酒 In place. Out of place. David's watch is out of fashion,sometimes out of order, but still in use. Is the computer still under warranty?保修期内 Apples are in season. 上市季节 The price of apples is on the rise. 涨价 Mary is at work in the garden. David is at lunch in the kitchen. Jane is on break after lunch. All math's lessons are above Susan. 跟不上 Susan was in full tears. 哇哇大哭 Susan was not in the mood for chatting with her classmates. Tom went on an urgent errand for Jane. He was in a big hurry. 跑腿 The elevator was under repair. 在维修中 Tom was out of breath. 7不及物动词加空间介词 back,around,up,down,at,into,through. be+空间介词表示静止的空间状态，不及物动词+空间介词表示动作的空间状态。增加动词方向性，丰富动词含义。come out可表示电影上映或产品上市。 Watermelons come in late July. He went into teaching.进入教师行业 He stayed away teaching. 离开 David's old glasses are still in use, but they will go out of use soon. Please, lie on your back. 仰卧 Please, lie on your front. 俯卧 Stand at ease! Stand at attention!稍息立正 Tom got into a conversation with his friends. Tom got into an argument with them. In the end, Tom got into a fight with his classmates. Susan got out of control at the zoo yesterday. Jane finally got into a temper. 生气 All of a sudden, Susan was out of sight. Jane got into a panic. 吓了一跳 David has got into the habit of turning of the TV. David has never got into debt. David has never got into trouble with his neighbors. 带来麻烦 8 及物动词的后面加空间介词 不及物动词加空间介词描述主语变化。及物动词加空间介词或副词通常用来描述目标对象（宾语）的变化。 talk sb. into accepting the offer,说服某人接受那个提议。 Please hand them back after class. You've got to take this video back to the shop. If you take four from nine you're left with five. Tom is pulling his socks on. Tom is pulling his trousers up. Tom is pulling the TV plug out. Please, take your hands out of your pockets. Susan pulled a very small jar out. Susan took in some liquid chocolate. 喝了，吸收 John kept sweets out of Susan's reach. Susan was pulling a chair up to the wall. 拉来椅子，贴在墙边，up to到...为止 Math books put Susan to sleep. 看见数学书就犯困 Jane put her old books on sale. 打折销售 One of the books that she had put on sale was John's favourite book. This brought Jane into conflict with John. 冲突 9 空间介词 增加动词方向感 along沿着at点by旁边off远离away远离in,out。on上面，有接触；over从上面越过，不接触。 Come over here. Let's go over there. Take it back. Put it back. 放回去 Hold on. Hang on. 等一下 Hold back. Keep back. 忍着眼泪 John has a ring on his third finger无名指. 拇指thumb,first finger食指,middle finger中指,little finger小指 Tom 's dog is barking at a stranger. Tom took Susan along with Tom 's friends. 汤姆和朋友们带走了苏珊。 Tom tried to wash the mud out. wash out洗干净 Lots of flowers grew along the side of the river. When Tom came back home, Tom's dog rushed at him. Tom rode on a bicycle. Tom brought along a video camera. bring along带...一起 Donuts are hanging on strings. hang on挂在...上 John pulled his car out into the street. pull one's car out 开车出去。 A truck suddenly cut in right in front of him. The truck quickly drove off. cut in 超车,插队 drive off开车离开 John pulled his car over the roadside to take a rest. pull over 把车停到路边 10 动词加空间介词 含义延伸扩展 Tom's picture came out well. 照片拍得很好 David came out of the hospital. 出院 Jane sat on the letter for a few days. 因为这封信坐立不安 Could you keep an eye on my bag?看包。keep an eye on注视 Susan kept an eye out for the candy. keep an eye out for死盯 Jane kept an eye open for unusual shoes. 一直在找。keep an eye open for 瞪大眼睛注视 John dressed up for a garden party. 打扮 John tried to dress up his presentation and make it sound more attractive. 修饰开场白 John dressed down for a walk on sunday. 穿得休闲轻松 John call in sick and said he would be off. call in sick 打电话请病假 be off不上班 Take good care of yourself and call me up when you get better. call up给...打电话 Let's call out for Chinese food for lunch. 打电话叫外卖 Tom is brushing a fly off his face. 把苍蝇从脸上赶走 Tom is very interested in Lisa but she's always brushing him off. brush off 拒绝， 不理 Lisa loves piano music very much. Tom is brushing up on playing the piano. brush up 重新练习，复习 chapter 3 名词原理 汉语中动词较多，英语中名词较多，大部分表达是以名词为中心的。汉语中描述人行为的动词极为丰富。英语中描述人和事物的名词更加丰富。汉语是以动词为中心的语言，英语释义名词为中心的语言。汉语中修饰动词的副词使用较为频繁，言语中修饰名词的形容词使用频率更高。同一句话，汉语中常用副词加动词的方式表达，英语中则用形容词加名词的形式来描述。 11 形容词加名词的表达方式 John has a full schedule today. A mouse made a small cut in the edge of the bread. Please give the car a good wash. Robert has a white circle of acquaintances. Jane took a knife and made a clean cut of the birthday cake. Max was making a sharp harsh sound outside the door. Jim made a great show of reluctance, but finally accepted Max to come in the room. Max made a terrible mess of the party. sometimes Susan's got a very short attention span during the lesson. Play the piano with a lighter touch. Susan gave her first piano performance at her class on Christmas day. John took a dim view of James attempt. Give your shoes a good polish before the job interview. Her blonde hair was in sharp contrast to her dark suit. 12 介词+名词=形容词短语 a deep-sea creature with eight arms. a container for liquids with a narrow neck or mouth without handle. a desert plant with thick fleshy leaves and sharp points. Tom bought a pair of sport shoes with the shoelaces. who developed a watermelon without seeds? A zebra crossing is an area of the road with broad black and white strips and lines. John enjoys coffee without milk and sugar. A page without written or printed words is a blank page. A camel is a large animal with a long neck and one or two humps on its back. Have you seen my keys to the car？车钥匙 Is this the bus to Mapo? Who is the new secretary to the president? The woman with brown hair in white is Mary. The girl with the blonde hair all in black is Susan. Who is the person in charge of caring for the baby? 13 介词+名词=介词短语 by accident偶然地, by mistake失误地, in cash 用现金, （Tom made a hole with a pencil through the eraser. with 表示用...，以...为手段 John sat on a chair with his eyes closed. with 表示状态 Tom met Lisa by accident on the street. ） Susan wrote her name in capitals at the bottom of the invitations. Let's speak in a loud voice. I'll pay in cash. Jane knows Albert, John's friend at school, by name. By coincidence,碰巧 Diana invited Jane for a house-warming on the same day.乔迁喜宴 John noticed Jane didn't like Albert 's invitation by the look on her face. Tom had a little mouse in his sight in the morning, and it ran back to a small hole with quick steps. Tom tried to catch the mouse at sight with a stick, but failed. With the aid of John, Tom set a trap by the hole. Tom made a big jump with Joy. Without a moment's hesitation, Tom grabbed the little mouse with his hands. John was standing with his arms crossed. 14 what为中心的英语 What's the population of Korea？ What's your first impression of Korea？ What's making you so happy？ What's the rush？为什么那么忙 What's your size？ What's the fee for the exchange? What does that lady look like? What's your new boss like? What are your feelings about it? What made you apply to our company? What made you quit that job? What were your grades at school? What makes you the right person for this job?我们为什么录取你 What's your view on that? What sort of salary are you looking for? 15名词含义扩张 Mary is old. Her face is covered with lines. The train was delayed due to the sudden fall of snow on the line. The police are taking a firm line with drug -related crimes. A small thin piece of steal with a point at one end and a hole for the thread at the other. John I know Robert is a nice person but that's not the point. Grandpa! There's no point in repairing the old cassette player. A dog is lying on the ground. The wallpaper has yellow flowers and a green ground. David had to retire on medical grounds. Her new book is in the press. Mom, can you give my school uniform a quick press? The incident was not reported in the press. Chapter 4 时间原理 16 具体细分化的现在时态 David listens to the radio every day. These days, David is not listening to the radio. David has been listening to the radio for five hours. 17 连接过去和现在的现在完成时 现在完成时横跨过去和现在，侧重现在。 18 用现在进行时表示将来的事 针对既定事实，如公交车或飞机运行时间，用现在进行时。 带有If 的表示时间的条件句，即使是将来发生的事，也用现在时。 （表示安排用be+doing） The plane leaves at two o'clock tomorrow. The bus to the airport arrives at nine tomorrow morning. John's family goes on a trip to Hinan Island next week. Tom's science class is on the day after tomorrow. What time does the movie start on TV? The sun sets at eight in the evening. Tom will go home as soon as he finishes playing basketball. Take this medicine in case your blood pressure goes up. If you get home, call me first. I'm playing basketball with Tom on sunday. Jane is having a birthday party next sunday. John 's family is meeting a tour guide at the airport at 11：00.