兰桂姬：翻译方法和技巧总结整理
整理／兰桂姬 ＬＡＮＧＵＡＧＥＥ
直译literal translation：
one country,two system：一国两制
the three religious and the nine schools of thoughts：三教九流
意译 Free translation paraphrase:
don't cross the bridge till you get to it:不必过早地担心。
do you see any green in my eye?:你以为我是好欺骗的吗？
don't lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen:亡羊补牢。
异化 alienation：要求译者向作者靠拢，传达原文的内容，保留原文的文化意象。
all roads lead to rome：条条大道通罗马。
ballet：芭蕾舞；cigar：雪茄；laser：镭射；crocodile tears：鳄鱼的眼泪；an olive branch：橄榄枝；sour sour grape：酸葡萄。the cold war：冷战。
归化 domescation：不考虑原文的内容和形式，而用读者熟悉的语言和形式来翻译，尽可能地达到原文的意义和功能。
a lion in the way：拦路虎； lick one's boots 拍马屁；diamond cuts diamond棋逢对手； a flash in a pan 昙花一现；have one foot in the grave风烛残年；to grow like mushrooms雨后春笋； love me love my dog爱屋及乌。seek a hare in a fish's nest缘木求鱼
重复法repetition：
动词重复：we shall overcome all the difficulties so long as we study hard and in a good way：只要我们学习努力，而且学习得法，我们就能克服学习中的困难。
名词重复：we have to analyze and solve problems:我们要分析问题，解决问题。
代词重复：wherever there is matter, there is motion:哪里有物质，哪里就有运动。
关键词重复：Nels had it all written neatly：纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。
增译法 amplification 又叫增词法，补足语意法：
gayety欢乐气氛；jealousy嫉妒心理；transition演变过程；preparation准备工作；tension紧张局势；madness疯狂行为。
the blond boy quickly crossed himself:那个金发小男孩立刻在胸前划十字，祈求上帝保佑。
oxidation will make iron and steel rusty:氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。
had there been（倒装，虚拟条件状语从句） no electronic computers,there would have been no artificial satellite or rockets.如果/假如没有电子计算机，就不会有人造卫星或火箭。
Be(让步状语从句） the shape of a body complicated,it is possible to find out its volume：不论物体的形状如何复杂，总可以求出它的体积。
接到你的来信，非常高兴（增补主语）：i was very glad to have received your letter.
我用手蒙住脸（增补物主代词）： i cover my face with my hands.
请原谅，打断你一下（增补作宾语的代词）：excuse me for interrupting you.
虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后（增补连词）：modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
这些书，你们五个人分（增补介词）：divide these books among the five of you.
我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥当（增补冠词）：we must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before we solve it properly.
要提倡顾全大局（增补暗含的词语）：we should advocate the spirit of takeing the whole situation into consideration.
黄金白银，坚甲利兵，并非构成大国的要素（增补概括性的词语）：gold and silver,a strong army and powerful weapons-these are not the elements that constitute a great nation.
三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮（增补注释性词语）: three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.
减译法 Omission：也叫省略法，原文有些词，译不出来，或者不言而喻时使用。
never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you：不要自找麻烦
我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也决不会后退：we don't retreat,we never have and never will.
词类转换法（conversion）：
名词转译为形容词：
the blockagewasa success:封锁很成功
形容词派生名词转--形容词：the pallorof her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。
名词/含动作的名词--动词：the sightand sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到和听到我们的喷气式飞机，令我特别神往。
动词派生名词--动词：speakers called for the liberationof the oppressed of the world.发言人表示要解放世界上的被压迫者。
名字--副词： the new mayor earned some appreciation by courtesy of coming to visit the city poor: 新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。
形容词--名词： they did their best to help the poor: 他们尽最大努力帮助穷人。
动词派生形容词--动词：sugar is soluble in water: 糖溶于水中。
介词--动词：by radarpeople can see things beyond the visibility of them. 利用雷达，人们可以看见视线外的东西。
动词--名词：他统治哪个国家长达27年之久：he had been the ruler of that nation for as long as 27 years.
动词--形容词：我们决不满足于现有的成就：we are not content with our present achievements.
形容词/副词--名词：她长得真漂亮：she is a real beauty.
名词--动词：他的演讲给听众留下很深的印象：his speech impressed the audience deeply.
词序调整法：
he is not happy, though he is rich: 他虽负有，但不幸福。
Never have we seen so bright a future before us: 我们从来都没有看见过这样光明的前途。
The advanced chinese experience: 中国的先进经验。
Practical social activities: 社会实践活动。
Tom was born in boston USA: 汤姆出生在美国波士顿。
正说反译，反说正译法negation：
Are you not going tomorrow?明天你不去吗？
--no,i am not.是的，我不去
--yes，i am不，我去。
I don’t think we will fail in our exam:我认为我们考试不会不及格。
The window refuses to open：窗户打不开
Such a chance denied me:我没有得到这个机会。
The explanation is pretty thin:这个解释站不住脚。
No smoking: 严禁吸烟。
The examination left no doubt that the patient died of cancer:检验结果清楚地表明病人死于癌症。
分译法 devision：主要用于长句的翻译。
You can borrow my car as long as you promise to drive carefully.你可以借用我的车，不过你得答应我开车时小心点。
We tried in vainto persuade him to give up his wrong belief. 我们尽力劝说他放弃错误的信念，但没有成功。
She had such a kindly,smiling,tender, gentle ,generous heart of her own...
她心底厚道，性格温柔，器量又大，为人又乐观。
Not that the parting speech cause amelia to philosophize, or that it aimed her in any way with a calmness, the result of argument...
倒并不是（平克顿小姐的）临别赠言使艾米利亚想得通，丢得开，因此心平气和，镇静下来...
Well,there’s never anything happened in my family i’m ashamed of”: 嘿，我家可从来没出现过见不得人的事。
语态变换法the change of the voices: 被动变出动，主动变被动。
A national link-up of computers could mean that a large amount of information will be supplied to anyone who uses the system: 把全国的电脑连接起来意味着可以向任何使用该系统的人提供大量信息。
Much has been said about the complication of the nuclear power station reactor: 有关原子能电站反应堆的复杂性已经谈得很多了。
