Beyond.Feelings札记 9-12

Episode9: FACE SAVING 保护自我形象/面子 自我画像:want to see ourselves affirmatively: as wise智慧, responsible负责, intelligent聪明, careful细心, observant洞察力强, courageous勇敢, generous慷慨, thoughtful of others体贴他人, good image to others在他人心中有个好形象. 接受表扬，快.接受批评，慢/不接受。 2. Recall two situations in which you resorted to face-saving devices. For each, follow the directions for application 1. if you have difficulty recalling any situations, look back at the group discussion exercises in previous chapters. (Chances are good that during one of those conversations someone will have challenged your idea and prompted you do resort to face-saving.) 3. Sherri is a sophomore in college. While she is home for spring vacation, she is very irritable with her parents. She seizes every opportunity to criticize them and their values and manages to take offense at their every comment to her. Just before she returns to college, she causes a row in which she accuses them of never having given her enough attention and love. Her parents are at a loss to understand her behavior. What they do not know is that for the past several months she has been living off campus with her boyfriend and using the money her parents send her to help support him. Explain how this fact may have influenced her behavior toward her parents. 4. Read the following dialogue carefully. Identify and indications of face saving and explain what might have prompted it. Teresa: Abortion is always wrong. There is no such thing as a case in which it is justified. Gail: I just read of case in which I believe it is justified. I think eve you'd agree. Teresa: No way. Gail: It happened in New York. The woman was a twenty-five year-old ward of the state with the mental capacity of an infant. The doctor she was referred to said she was totally incapable of understanding who she was, let alone what it means to be pregnant. The experience of delivery would have been so traumatic and the consequences so tragic, in the doctor's view, that abortion was the only reasonable course of action. Even though I'm against abortion, in a case like this I'm convinced it's justified. Teresa: The issue in that case is not whether the woman should be allowed to have an abortion but what should be done to the insensitive slob who took advantage of her retardation and got her pregnant. Capital punishment is too good for creeps like that. 5. A number of communities around the nation have enacted legislation banning the sale or possession of handguns. Many people hail such legislation as an important step toward public safety and the prevention of crime. Many others, however, believe it is a violation of the constitutional guarantee of every citizen's "right to bear arms." Examine this issue critically, taking special care to control your face-saving tendencies. State and support your view of the issue. 6. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that state, city, and county governments may not hand over their decision-making power to churches. The court's decision nullified a Massachusetts law giving churches a veto power over the (liquor) licensing of any bar or restaurant that would be established within 500 feet of church buildings.Examine this issue critically, taking special care to control your face-saving tendencies. State whether or not you agree with the court's decision and why. 7. Group discussion exercise: Discuss the following dialogue with two or three classmates. Decide the merits of Quentin's view. Be sure to check any tendency to face-saving that arises during discussion. Quentin: There'd be a lot less ignorance in the world today if parents didn't pass on their views to their children. Lois: How can they avoid doing so? Quentin: By letting children form their own views. There's no law that says Democrats have to make little Democrats of their children, or that Protestants have to pass on their Protestantism. Lois: What should they do when their children ask them about politics or religion or democracy? Quentin: send them to the encyclopedia, or, if the parents are capable of objective explanation, explain to them the various views that are possible and encourage them to choose their own. Lois: How can you ask a three-year-old to make a choice about religion or politics or philosophy? Quentin: in the case of young children and parents would simply explain as much as the children could understand and say that when they get older they can decide for themselves. Lois: How would all this benefit children or society? Quentin: it would make it possible for children to grow up without 9their parents' prejudices and would help control the number of ignoramuses in the world. Episode10:STEREOTYPING刻板印象/贴标签 They are fixed, unbending generalizations about people, places, or things. 人们总是要选群体，选边站，支持，反对，没有中立 另一个原因是:省力(懒得思考，思维快捷方式)原则，对自己领域事，critical;对其他人，还是保持刻板印象。 Effects of sterotyping 不能直面真相，不能变得复杂，处理事情 avoid this First, 提醒自己没有人，事纳入纯粹标签 具体 情景，语境...remind yourself often that people and institutions and processes seldom fit into neat categories and that critical thinking demands that you evaluate each on what it is at the particular time and place and circumstance, not one preconceived notions. Second, 觉知情感whenever you begin observing,listening, or reading, be alert for the feeling that you needn't continue because you know what the correct judgment must be. If that feeling occurs early in the information-gathering process, you can be reasonably sure it is a sign of stereotyping and should be ignored. 践行: 4. Apply your critical thinking to each of the following cases. Be especially careful to avoid stereotyping. a. Reverend Jerry Falwell, founder of the Moral Majority, has a plan to meet the needs of unmarried pregnant women and the poor. "Sheperding families" would provide the women with homes to live in until the babies are born (as an alternative to abortion) and would guarantee adoption for the children. Churches would aid the poor (as an alternative to welfare), providing food, clothing, medical care, legal advice, plumbing, and in many cases, job. Do you support this plan? b. A Monroe, Michigan, hospital has a policy that only members of a pregnant woman's immediate family can be present in the delivery room. An unwed couple, wishing to be together at the birth of theirbaby, challenged that policy in court. The judge upheld the hospital policy. What would your decision have been? c. Sixty-five percent of all school-age children have working mothers. (Twenty-two percent are "single-parent children.") A great many of these children are "latch-key kids," those who come home before their mothers, let themselves in, and amuse themselves, in some cases for several hours. Some of these children must also let themselves out in the morning because their mothers leave for work early. Many "latch-key kids" are as young as eight. Do you think this is a desirable situation for a child? If not, what would you do to improve the situation or eliminate it altogether? d. Some people believe that gays should be barred from certain jobs, such as military service and elementary school teaching. Do you agree? 对宗教不是很懂 5. Read each of the following dialogues carefully. Note any instances of stereotyping. Decide which view of the issue in each dialogue is more reasonable. (Be sure you don't engage in stereotyping.) a. Background Note: A born-again Texas businessman and a television evangelist smashed $1 million worth of art objects and threw them into a lake after reading the following verse from Deuteronomy in the Bible: "The graven images of their gods shall ye burn with fire: thou shalt not desire the silver and gold that is on them, nor take it unto thee, lest thou be snared therein: for it is an abomination to the Lord thy God." The objects, which belonged to the businessman, were mostly gold, silver, jade, and ivory figures associated with eastern religions. Cecil: That's a real measure of faith, the willingness to discard earthly treasures out of spiritual conviction. Ellie: It's more like an act of lunacy. It's a terrible waste of wealth. If he'd wanted to express his religious conviction, he could have done something to help his fellow human beings. Cecil: By doing what? Ellie: He could have sold the objects, taken the million dollars, and given it to the needy of the world. Or he could have donated it to a religious organization or a hospital. Instead, he threw it away and helped no one. Cecil: You don't understand. Selling the objects would have corrupted others. He's a religious man. The Bible told him what to do, and he had no choice but to obey. Episode11: OVER SIMPLIFICATION Simplification好，必要的 Oversimplification 扭曲事实，误导受众 例如对自我的认知，我们永远不可能知道 他人眼中的自己是怎样的。 causes 1/mine is better 2/insecurity 3/只看跟自己有关的一面 避免OVER SIMPLIFICATION 践行: Analyze each of the following ideas. Decide whether it is an oversimplification. Explain your reasoning carefully. a. "I need only consult with myself with regard to what I wish to do; what I feel to be right is right, what I feel to be wrong is wrong." (Jean Jacques Rousseau) b. Elected officials should be held accountable to a higher ethical standard than the average citizen is. c. The scandals involving television ministries prove what many critics have noted for years – that televangelists are hypocrites. d. Guns don't kill people; people kill people. c. In some states the law now requires motorists to secure each young child riding in their cars in an approved child restraint seat. Do you support such mandatory restraint laws? 是对的的，我想的过分简单了嘛？←_← EPISODE12:HASTY CONCLUSIONS 仓促下决定 原因:人的成长环境，天然偏好 The reason is that hasty conclusions are a consequence of the human condition. In other words, they are made possible by our own natural tendencies and the peculiarities of certain normal situations. CAUSES: 1/便利(避免思考)，+听起来权威 2/躲得了convienence,躲不了prefer THE UNPREDICTABLE ELEMENT It is important not to rush to conclusions because once we forma nay conclusion, our curiosity in the matter is diminished. In other words, we make up our mind, and before we can even entertain a different conclusion, we must first unmake our mind不下判断，保持关注，好奇. Doing that is difficult. "Mine is better" thinking, resistance to change, and face-saving weigh heavily against us. 建议: Before you draw any conclusion, be sure you have identified an answered all important questions pertaining to the issue考虑到所有重要的方面. Where you cannot obtain sufficient evidence, either withhold judgment or (if circumstances require an immediate judgment) use the "If… then" approac. 使用 如果...那么... 践行: d. A high school anatomy class in Agoura, California, dissects human cadavers as well as cats and frogs. The teacher obtains the bodies from a university medical school.96 Do you approve of this practice? e. Some people believe the college degree should be abolished as a job requirement. They reason that because it is possible to be qualified for many jobs without formal academic preparation (or, conversely, to be unprepared for many jobs even with a college degree), the only criterion employers should use for hiring and promoting is ability. Do you agree?