TE||Salt marsh and sweet potatoes
1
导读
Sapelo Island美景
2
听力|精读|翻译 |词组
Salt marsh and sweet potatoes
盐沼与红薯
Cornelia Bailey died on October 15th
The matriarch of Sapelo Island, Georgia was 72
科妮莉亚·贝利（Cornelia Bailey）乔治亚州萨佩洛岛的女统治者和守护者，于10月15日与世长辞，享年72岁。
THEY had always grown red peas, so Cornelia Bailey thought nothing of it. She and her husband dropped the seed in the spring, Frank hoeing and she following. They planted on a growing moon, not a wasting one, and when the tide was coming in; if a pregnant woman could do the sowing, so much the better. They waited, too, until the pecantrees put out their blossom. It was safe then to plant what you liked. Nothing could fool the pecans.
岛上的人一直以种植红豆为生，所以科妮莉亚·贝利（Cornelia Bailey）早已对此习以为常。夫妇俩春天播种，一起劳作。他们通常在农历上半月耕种，一到涨潮时就恨不得孕妇也能一起播种。当然他们也是有耐心的，等到核桃花开之时，他们就可以放心大胆地种植各种作物了，因为核桃树是最好的时令坐标。
1.Think nothing of 把......视为平常
2.Pecan：美国山核桃在1919年36届德州会议上被定为德克萨斯州的“州树”。 作为美国精神与历史的象征，美国山核桃不仅在于其与生俱来的坚硬品质，还在于它悠久的历史和尊贵的气质。
美国山核桃的存在古老得像个神话，起源可以追溯到恐龙统治地球的白垩纪时代，距今大约有7000多万年的历史，是少数经历了大规模物种灭绝事件而存活下来的植物之一。几千万年来，美国山核桃如巨人一般笔直伫立在北美洲，见证了美洲大陆的沧海桑田、世纪变迁，它也是美国精神中勇敢不屈的象征。
Generally the peas were eaten up by the family, which included a crowd of adopted and foster childrenas well as her own. But one day a chef from Atlanta asked for some and paid her a cheque for them. Sapelo red peas, it turned out, were not only pretty to look at but a gourmet taste and rare. More customers came along, so she expanded the plot. She then thought she could make a business out of it, and that this might save her island.
通常豆子都会被一家人吃光，包括她自己和一大群收养和抚养的孩子。直到有一天一个来自亚特兰大的厨师向她要了些豆子并且给了他们一张支票。原来萨佩洛的红豆不仅好看而且美味稀有。越来越多的顾客慕名而来，所以她扩大了种植面积。她觉得这个生意或许可以拯救她的小岛。
For Sapelo was dying.Hog Hammock, where she lived, was the last community of Saltwater Geechee on the island, and the island the last undeveloped place in the chain of Sea Islandsrunning down the coast ofSouth Carolina and Georgia.The Geechee-Gullah people were direct descendants of African slaves brought over to workrice plantationsin the 18th century; they had a hundred west African ways,as she did with her pea-planting.So many of the things she watched her father do—making long cast-nets, weaving baskets from sweet-grass, dancing arms-out like a circling buzzardwhile his friends beat the ground with sticks—had come from Africa. Much of the food she ate, the rice, okra, peanuts and vegetable stew, was African. And a whole African spirit-world surrounded her. “Hags” pinned her down in bed at night, dead relations called her name and tried to lure her into the woods, “root doctors” brewed up poisoned moonshine and could put a hex on neighbours, if you asked.
因为萨佩洛岛正在走向没落。她居住的Hog Hammock，成为了岛上最后一个盐水黑人（Geechee）社区，该岛位于南卡罗来纳州和佐治亚州海岸沿线，是该海岛链上最后一个未开发的地方。嘎勒人是非洲奴隶的直系后裔，这些人在十八世纪被带到这里种植水稻; 就像科妮莉亚种豆一样，岛上的人们延续着非洲祖先们特有的生活。她看到过父亲做过很多事情：做长鱼网，编织香草篮子，当父亲的朋友们用棍棒敲打地面时，父亲张开双臂跳舞，仿佛一只盘旋的秃鹰，而这些都源自非洲。她吃的很多食物，如米饭，秋葵，花生和蔬菜汤等，也都源自非洲。她的生活被整个非洲的精神世界所围绕。当然，也有非洲的巫术，如果你要求，“女巫”会在晚上把她锁在床上；死亡会呼唤着她的名字，试图把她引诱到树林里；“法师”酝酿了有毒的月光给邻居们下诅咒。
4.Root doctors 这个有很多种译法，因为本身它也是一个外来词，也有人叫hoodoo/voodoo doctors , Root workers, conjure doctor, conjurers 这个东西来源于非洲，是一种巫术。 http://baike.baidu.com/view/179071.html?reforce=%CE%D7%B6%BE%CD%DE%CD%DE&hold=synstd 有个电影叫做《Skeleton Key》（万能钥匙），讲的就是这种巫术，很详细的讲述了其历史来历、传说、以及实施方式等，比较变态。。。。一部很好的电影。这种法术本是源于十九世纪美国南方奴隶不堪白人的虐待私下用咒语施行魔法祈求或诅咒。很多人相信它有神奇的魔力，让人免除灾难，更可以保持长生不老。于是就出现这种医生，也不能说是医生吧~~大概应该叫“法师”“术师”
Her descent was from Bilali, a Muslim slave so imposing that he was the manager for a white plantation-owner. With her straight lookand straight talk, she had inherited his forcefulness. The short form of Cornelia, “Nia”, meant “she who has a purpose”. Hers was to save Sapelo and, with it, everything that made up her life—the smell of the salt marsh, the taste of sweet potatoes dug out of hot ashes, the night chorus of crickets and frogs. In the 1950s developers “from off” began to descend on theisland’s miles of white beaches and forests of live oaks and palmetto, as they had on other islands. Any Geechee who farmed plots were slowly pushed out until Hog Hammock became their only refuge.
她的血统追溯到一个名叫Bilali的非洲穆斯林奴隶，之所以令人难忘是因为他是一个白人种植园的经理。 科妮莉亚·贝利（Cornelia Bailey）（Cornelia Bailey）长相正直，直言不讳，并且继承了Bilali坚强的品质。 科尼利亚的简短形式“Nia”，意思是“有目标的人”。 她的目标即拯救萨佩洛岛。有了这个目标，盐沼的气味，从热灰中挖出来的红薯的味道，夜晚蟋蟀和青蛙的合唱等等都成为了她生命的一部分。20世纪50年代，“离开”的开发商开始突然造访距该岛屿几英里的的白色海滩，橡树以及棕榈树森林，其它岛上也是如此（开发旅游业）。所有耕种的嘎勒人都被慢慢赶走，直到Hog Hammock成为他们唯一的避难所。
But buzzards were circling that place, too. In 1910 around 500 people lived there. By 2012 there were 50 or so. The two-room school she attended from 1951, in her best plaid dress, closed down. The Big Houses of white landowners went to the state and their land to a reserve, so jobs in “Massa fields” vanished. Meanwhile, those eager developers helped push property taxes sky-high. No wonder people left. When a baby was born on Sapelo, the afterbirth was always buried to tie it to the island. But Miss Katie, the last midwife who knew that piece of African magic, retired after delivering Greg Bailey, her fourth child, and no one followed. There was no more old-fashioned anything. Just a heavy loss.
但是秃鹫在岛上盘旋（一片凄凉）。1910年，大约有500人在此生活。但到了2012年，大约仅剩50余人。从1951年开始，她就穿着自己最好的格子裙去一所有两间教室的学校上课，而现在学校已经关闭了。白人地主们也纷纷搬去了州里，同时他们的土地也被划成了自然保护区，因此在“马萨田园”劳作的工作也随之消失。与此同时，那些急切的开发商大幅助推房了地产税价，这也难怪人们纷纷选择离开。当孩子在萨佩洛岛出生后，他们的胎衣总是会被埋在岛上。但是凯蒂小姐，作为岛上最后一个懂非洲魔法的助产士，在生下她的第四个孩子Greg Bailey后就退休了。因为没有人传承，岛上很多老底子东西都失传了。这是一个巨大的损失。
Tourists could help, and she welcomed them, up to a point. She took over the old store and stocked it with cloth dolls and scuppernong jelly; she helped run Sapelo Days, when everyone dressed up nicely for the visitors, cooked their best foods and had their best manners. In the heart of Hog Hammock she and Frank built a six-bed inn “For Nature Lovers Only”. But she did not want outsiders to stay too long. Her eyes watered to think of no more cotton, no more sawmills; her communityjust things in a museum, to be poked at and stared at.
游客（带来的收入）可以帮助小岛，因此她一定程度上欢迎他们。她接管旧商店，并且储备了一些布娃娃和斯卡珀农葡萄果冻；她帮助运营“萨佩洛岛日”。在这一天，每个岛上的人都精心打扮，烹饪他们最好的食物，以最好的礼仪迎接游客。在Hog Hammock中心，她和Frank建造了一个拥有六张床的旅馆，取名为“自然爱好者专属”。但是她不想游客们逗留太久。每当想到没有更多的棉花和锯木厂，她的眼里就泛起了泪光。她所在的嘎勒社区就像博物馆陈列的物品一样，被人们指指点点和盯着看。
7.up to a point 在一定程度上
A visit to west Africa reinforced her purpose. There, in thriving villages, she found the same okra and smoked fish in the market, the same ways of carrying bundles on heads, even the buzzard dance, that she knew from home. By a miracle, these things had survived in her own tiny outpost on the coast of the United States. In a village in Sierra Leone a woman dressed her in gold fabric and made her aparamount chief.It gave her the deepest glow in her life,and made her even more of a fighter. As long as Geechee ways were racing in her mind, she had to talk about them.
一趟西非之旅让她的意志更加坚定。在一个繁荣的村庄里，她发现一切都是那么的熟悉：集市上的秋葵、熏鱼，还有 the same ways of carrying bundles on heads,…甚至于她在家乡了解的鹰舞。而这些居然都奇迹般的在她生活的，美国海岸边的一个小小村落里幸存下来了。在塞拉利昂的村里，有位妇女给她穿上金色面料的衣服，并尊她为大酋长。这些都给了她至高无上的荣耀，更加坚定了她作一个斗士的决心。只要她的脑海中还留存着Geechee的生活方式，她必须讲述下去，传承下去（因为她是a West African term for oral historian or storyteller）。
8.paramount chief：赞比亚每个民族都有一个大酋长（Paramount Chief），在他之下，是负责省一级的Senior Chief，姑且译为“省级酋长”或“高级酋长”，再向下是Subordinated Chief，为“地区酋长”，
The funeral bell
丧钟
Hog Hammock also had to be a working entity, just as it used to be. A real “make-do” society, where people’s wealth was not money in the bank but a piece of land to pass on to their children【9】. She would rather it was all-black, as it was back then; and if anyone thought that was racist, she did not give a hoot. Everybody was still kin, right from those Africans in the beginning.
Hog Hammock 必须和它过去一样，成为a working entity。一个真正的make-do社会：人们的财富不是放在银行账户的存款，而是一片能够传递给子女的土地。她宁愿这里只有黑人居住，就像他们祖先刚来的时候一样；既使有人认为她是种族主义者，她也不毫不在乎。每个人依然是血亲，就像早期的那些非洲祖先一样。
9.这个在NPR里的一篇文章也提到，而且更加简单，她说：Culture is no good without land，具体参考NPR这篇文章最后一段http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/10/25/560093667/remembering-cornelia-walker-bailey-a-giant-of-gullah-geechee-culture
10.Do not give a hoot：毫不介意，毫不在乎
Her hopes were set on the red-peas project and a second one, to bring backPurple Ribbonsugar cane. She imagined the wire-grass fields looking lush again, and jobs and people returning. Why not? At the age of three she had died, and was laid in a coffin, after getting a fever from eating unripe pears. The funeral bell had tolled for her from theFirst African Baptist church; Uncle Nero kept saying, “Bury the chile.” But an aunt had rubbed her hard with garlic all over, and she came round. Despite everything, surely Sapelo could, too.
她把希望寄托于两个项目：红豆和西非带回来的紫皮甘蔗。她想象着草地再次茂盛，工作和人们都回来了。为什么不呢? 三岁的时候她本来已经死了，因为吃了生梨引起发烧而被放在棺材里。在第一非洲浸礼会（First African Baptist）教堂，丧钟已经为她敲响。尼禄叔叔不停地说：“埋了那个孩子.”但是一位阿姨用大蒜给她全身擦了擦，然后她就缓过来了。不管怎样，萨佩洛岛也必然起死回生。
11.Bury the chile：有个短语Chile Please，用在别人话太多的时候。然后的说明说，出自“child please”，这样说是因为带着南方口音，科妮利亚刚好住在美国南部，很契合
特别感谢翻译者：
Swallow: 女，英语专业研究生，专八，CATTI三笔
Nick：工科男，热爱英语，热爱交流，热爱进步
Ork：男，医学学生，字幕组成员
Natalie：女，爱好阅读和英语
Damon：男，建筑民工，经济学人铁粉
特别感谢校核君：
Damon：男，目标：做一个带硬盘的路由器
特别感谢顾问君：
Lily：女，英语高手
Ryan：男，金融高管，经济学人高级粉
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观点|评论|思考
1.首先来说说文中提到的Geechee文化，那么究竟它是什么呢？
小编费劲千辛万苦终于查到关于Geechee文化的解释，这都不点赞转发
Geechee文化：科妮莉亚·贝利（Cornelia Bailey）将她的血统追溯到一个名叫Bilali的非洲穆斯林，他是该岛一个白人种植园的经理，棉花种植者Thomas Spalding的首席奴隶主。科妮莉亚.贝利和她的家人，就像许多萨佩洛的土著居民一样，都是西非黑人奴隶的直系后代，其中许多人（跟比拉利一样）都是穆斯林。随着时间的推移，岛上的各种不同文化已经融合在一起，最终成为Geechee文化。现在基督教和伊斯兰宗教信仰已经部分融合，但是Sapelo岛上的Geechee文化几乎没有变化，这要归功于该岛的地理隔离。
说到这里，小编前段时间看的一篇公众号文章是美国穆斯林掠影（此处为超链接),文中有段说到的刚好和这篇经济学人文章相符合，最早来到美国的穆斯林，是被从非洲贩运来的奴隶。多在非洲西海岸掠夺人口，而这里是非洲穆斯林人口集中的地区。这些早期的穆斯林奴隶被剥夺了作为“人”的权利，逐渐丧失了自己的宗教与文化。但是Sapelo岛的Geechee文化却还是保留了下来，这也是为什么他会引起这么多社会关注的原因之一，因为在美国黑人重寻自己的文化之根时，不少人转向了伊斯兰教，也会关注到Sapelo这个小岛（个人观点，欢迎抨击，哈哈哈）
2.Griot：关于科妮莉亚·贝利（Cornelia Bailey），很多文章里都有提到她是岛上的“griot”，查阅了wikipedia，不明觉厉（Agriot (/ˈɡri.oʊ/;French pronunciation:[ɡʁi.o])is aWest Africanhistorian, storyteller, praise singer, poet or musician），这是指非洲的部落史学家，用贝利自己的话来说，她保留了部落的口述历史，因为它已经传了几千年了。她一生都在与社区文化遗产流失抗争。贝利通过公开演讲和写作来教育那些参观萨佩罗岛的人，提高了对萨佩洛的困境的认识。2004年5月，她获得了人文学科“总督奖”，以表彰她为萨佩洛岛和非洲裔美国人的文化而工作。
以上两段参考英文原文：http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/cornelia-bailey-1945-2017
3.在朋友（Ryan）的公众号里对于科妮莉亚将自己的全部生活都投入到保护原住民文化的精神不反对，但至少是持怀疑态度的（Ryan别否认），他举了一个乌镇的例子，文中提到乌镇开发总负责人陈向宏说：某种形态上，游客对古镇的爱，是‘伪爱’”。他清醒地意识到，来自大都市的游客们，每天看到高楼大厦，所以要逃离到古镇，但他们还是要过自己熟悉的生活。
这让我想到了前几年微博微信上都特别火的话题，xxx辞去了xx大企业的工作，然后在丽江，大理，西藏开了客栈，日子过的风生水起，真的当时就有很多人辞去了北上广的工作，去丽江或者大理等开起客栈，可是好景没过多久，新鲜感过了，大部分人又重新回到了北上广，因为小镇开客栈的生活(无尽的空虚和寂寞）和他们想象中的美好生活真是天壤之别。
说这么多的point是什么呢？我想表达的就是一个观点，做任何事情一定要想清楚自己是不是真正的热爱。毋庸置疑，科妮莉亚是真的热爱Sapelo，科妮莉亚从小受到长辈非洲传统文化的熏陶，见证了非洲文化在Sapelo的兴衰，所以她的信仰就是一定要捍卫当地的文化。那么相比之下，这些脑子一热辞去工作去追求所谓的”理想“的同志们真的要好好反省一下：您的信仰到底是什么？
我认为在现代化进程如此快速发展的今天，在西方文化的不断冲击下，如果没有人出来捍卫我们的传统文化，久而久之我们也必将成为下一个Sapelo 。（牛皮吹大了，Ryan不服来辩，撤退）
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