神经症与精神病3
Let us turn to the beautiful story of Gerard de Nerval: he wants Aurelie, his fondest love, to be the same as Adrienne, the little girl of his childhood; he "perceives" them as identical.让我们回到杰拉尔.德.奈瓦尔的美好故事：他希望奥黑丽，他的至爱，变得像阿德里安——他童年时的女孩——一样；他把“她们”看作一个人。59 And Aurelie and Adrienne, both in one, are his mother. Will it be said that the identification as "a perceptual identity" is here a sign of psychosis?而且奥黑丽与阿德里安，两者集于一身，都是他的母亲。 能够说作为“感知的身份”的认同在这里是精神病的信号吗？One then encounters the criterion of reality: the complex invades the psychotic consciousness only at the price of a rupture with the real, whereas in neurosis the identity remains that of unconscious representations and does not compromise perception. 人们接着遇到现实的标准：情结侵入精神病人意识的代价是与现实决裂，然而在神经症中，身份依然是无意识的代理并且没有损害感知。But what is there to gain from inscribing everything in Oedipus, even psychosis? 但是把一切，甚至把精神病铭写在俄狄浦斯中有什么好处？One step further and Aurelie, Adrienne, and the mother are the Virgin.更进一步，奥黑丽，阿德里安，和母亲都是圣女。 Nerval seeks the point where the vibration of the triangle is at its limit. "You are simply seeking for drama," says Aurelie. 内瓦发现三角的振动达到极限的点。“你只是在寻找戏剧”奥黑丽说道。Everything is not inscribed in Oedipus without everything at its extreme fleeing beyond the reach of Oedipus. 一切都不刻写在俄狄浦斯中，一切极端的事物都没有逃离俄狄浦斯。These identifications were not identifications with persons from the viewpoint of perception, but identifications of names with regions of intensity that provide the impetus toward other still more intense regions，stimuli of one sort or another that set in motion another journey altogether, stases that prepare for other breakthroughs, other movements where the mother is no longer encountered, but the Virgin and God:从感知的角度来看，这些认同不是对人的认同，而是对强度区域的名字的确认，它为别的依然更加强烈的区域提供动力，彻底触发另一种旅行的一种或别种刺激，为其它的突围作准备的停滞，不再在其中遇到母亲、而是遇到圣母与上帝的运动："And twice I have crossed and conquered the Acheron."60 Thus the schizo will accept the reduction of everything to the mother, since it is of no importance whatsoever: he is sure of being able to make everything rise again from the mother, and to keep for his own secret use all the Virgins that had been placed there. "我已经有两次横渡并征服冥河。"因此精神分裂者将会接受把一切还原为母亲，因为这无关紧要：他确定能够使得一切从母亲中复活，并且保守自己的秘密，应用一切已经被置于那里的圣母。
Everything can be converted into neurosis, or warped out of shape into psychosis: it is therefore not in this fashion that the question must be posed.一切都可以被转变为神经症，或者扭曲走样成精神病：因此不应该以这种方式提出问题。It would be inaccurate to maintain an Oedipal interpretation for the neuroses, and to reserve an extra-oedipal explanation for the psychoses.坚持一种对神经症的俄狄浦斯的解释，保留一种对精神病的超俄狄浦斯的说明，这都是错误的。 There are not two groups, there is no difference in nature between neuroses and psychoses. 不存在两种团体，神经症与精神病之间不存在本质上的差别。For in any case desiring-production is the cause, the ultimate cause of both the psychotic subversions that shatter Oedipus or overwhelm it, and of the neurotic reverberations that constitute it. 无论如何，欲望生产是原因，既是粉碎或击垮俄狄浦斯的精神病倾覆的根本原因，也是构成它的神经症回响的根本原因。Such a principle takes on its full meaning if it is related to the problem of "actual factors."如果它与"真实因素" 的问题有关，这样一种原则具有它的充分意义。One of the most important points of psychoanalysis was the evaluation of the role of these actual factors, even in neurosis, insofar as they are distinguishable from the familial infantile factors;精神分析的最重要的一点是对这些真实因素的作用进行评估，甚至在神经症中，因为他们有别于家庭的幼年因素。all the major dissensions were linked to this evaluation. The difficulties bore on several aspects.所有主要的争论都与这个评估有关。这种困难对几个方面施压。 First, the nature of these factors: were they somatic, social, metaphysical? Were they the famous "problems of living," through which a very pure desexualized idealism was reintroduced into psychoanalysis? 首先，这些因素的性质：它们是肉体的，社会的，形而上学的吗？它们是著名的"生存的问题"吗，通过它，一种纯粹的去性化的唯心主义被再次引入到精神分析当中？In the second place, the modality of these factors: did they act in a negative, privative fashion, by mere frustration?其次，这些因素的形式：它们仅通过挫折，以一种消极的，剥夺的方式行动？ Finally, their moment, their own time: was it not self-evident that the actual factor arose , and signified "recent," in opposition to the infantile or the oldest factor that could be sufficiently explained by the familial complex? 最终，它们的运动，它们的时间：出现的真实因素和"最近的"所指，与可以被家庭情节充分地解释的最幼稚或最古老的因素对立，这不是自明的？Even a writer like Reich—so careful to situate desire in relation to the forms of social production, demonstrating thereby that there is no psychoneurosis that is not also an actual neurosis—continues to present the actual factors as acting by means of a repressive deprivation (the "sexual stasis") and as arising afterward. 甚至像赖希这样的作家——小心将欲望定位于与社会生产的形式的关联中，因此表明不存在不同时是真实神经症的精神神经病——继续凭借压抑的剥夺（性欲停滞）把真实的因素描述为行动，并且描述为随后出现的东西。Which leads him to maintain a kind of diffuse oedipalism, since the stasis or the actual privative factor only defines the energy of the neurosis, but not the content that for its own part refers to the infantile Oedipal conflict, this old conflict becoming reactivated by the actual stasis.*这使得它坚持一种弥散的俄狄浦斯主义，因为停滞或真实的剥夺因素只规定神经症的能量，而不是内容，它的一部分与幼年的俄狄浦斯冲突有关，这种古老的冲突由于真实的停滞而被重新激发。
But the oedipalists are not saying anything different from this when they remark that an actual deprivation or frustration cannot be experienced except in the midst of an older internal qualitative conflict,但是俄狄浦斯主义者没有说出与此不同的东西，当它们评论说，真实的剥夺或挫折只在更古老的内在的定性冲突中被体验。which blocks not merely the roads prohibited by reality, but also those that reality leaves open and that the ego forbids itself in its turn (the double —impasse formula):它不只是堵塞了被现实禁止的道路，同样堵塞了现实使其开放的道路，而且自我接着禁止它自己（双重僵局的公式）： "Could one find examples [illustrating the diagram of actual neuroses] in the prisoner or the concentration-camp victim or the worker harassed by work? 人民能在囚犯，集中营受害者，或被工作折磨的工人身上找到例证（阐明真实神经症的图标）吗？It is not certain that they would furnish a large quota. . . .不确定他们是否将会提供大的配额…… Our systematic tendency is not to accept the evident iniquities of reality without taking stock of them, without trying to disclose in what sense the disorder of the world is manifested in the subjective disorder, even if it is, with the passing of time, inscribed within more or less irreversible structures."我们的惯常倾向不是接受明显的现实罪恶，在没有观察它们，没有试着揭示在何种意义上世界的混乱体现于主观的混乱的情况下，随着时间流逝，虽然它或多或少被刻写在不可撤销的结构内。"61 We understand this sentence,but can't help finding its tone disturbing.我们理解这句话的意思，然而我们不禁发现它的令人不安的音调。 The following choice is imposed on us: either the actual factor is conceived in a totally exterior privative fashion (which is an impossibility), or it descends into an internal qualitative conflict that is necessarily understood in relation to Oedipus. (Oedipus, the fountainhead where the psychoanalyst washes his hands of the world's iniquities.)下面的选择被强加到我们头上：要么真实的因素以一种完全外在的剥夺方式被构想（它是一种不可能性），要么它落入内在定性的冲突，它必定在与俄狄浦斯的关系中被理解。（俄狄浦斯，精神分析师在世界的肮脏源头洗手）。 *Reich, The Function of the Orgasm, p. 112: "All neurotic fantasies can be traced back to the child's early sexual relationship to the parents. However, if it were not continually nourished by the contemporary stasis of excitation which It initially produced, the child-parent conflict could not by itself cause a permanent disturbance of the psychic equilibrium."赖希，《性高潮的功能》p112，"所有的神经症幻想都可以追溯到儿童早期的与父母的性关系。然而如果它没有为它起初生产的同时代的兴奋的停滞所滋养，父母与儿童的冲突本身无法引起对精神平衡的持久扰乱。"
