ZT:国际会计术语
Account 帐户
Accounting system 会计系统
American Accounting Association 美国会计协会
American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会
Audit 审计
Balance sheet 资产负债表
Bookkeepking 簿记
Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测
Certificate in Internal Auditing 内部审计证书
Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书
Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师
Cost accounting 成本会计
External users 外部使用者
Financial accounting 财务会计
Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会
Financial forecast 财务预测
Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则
General-purpose information 通用目的信息
Government Accounting Office 政府会计办公室
Income statement 损益表
Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会
Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会
Integrity 整合性
Internal auditing 内部审计
Internal control structure 内部控制结构
Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署
Internal users 内部使用者
Management accounting 管理会计
Return of investment 投资回报
Return on investment 投资报酬
Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会
Statement of cash flow 现金流量表
Statement of financial position 财务状况表
Tax accounting 税务会计
Accounting equation 会计等式
Articulation 勾稽关系
Assets 资产
Business entity 企业个体
Capital stock 股本
Corporation 公司
Cost principle 成本原则
Creditor 债权人
Deflation 通货紧缩
Disclosure 批露
Expenses 费用
Financial statement 财务报表
Financial activities 筹资活动
Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设
Inflation 通货膨涨
Investing activities 投资活动
Liabilities 负债
Negative cash flow 负现金流量
Operating activities 经营活动
Owners equity 所有者权益
Partnership 合伙企业
Positive cash flow 正现金流量
Retained earning 留存利润
Revenue 收入
Sole proprietorship 独资企业
Solvency 清偿能力
Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设
Stockholders 股东
Stockholders equity 股东权益
Window dressing 门面粉饰
财会名词汉英对照表
(1)会计与会计理论
会计 accounting
决策人 Decision Maker
投资人 Investor
股东 Shareholder
债权人 Creditor
财务会计 Financial Accounting
管理会计 Management Accounting
成本会计 Cost Accounting
私业会计 Private Accounting
公众会计 Public Accounting
注册会计师 CPA Certified Public Accountant
国际会计准则委员会 IASC
美国注册会计师协会 AICPA
财务会计准则委员会 FASB
管理会计协会 IMA
美国会计学会 AAA
税务稽核署 IRS
独资企业 Proprietorship
合伙人企业 Partnership
公司 Corporation
会计目标 Accounting Objectives
会计假设 Accounting Assumptions
会计要素 Accounting Elements
会计原则 Accounting Principles
会计实务过程 Accounting Procedures
财务报表 Financial Statements
财务分析Financial Analysis
会计主体假设 Separate-entity Assumption
货币计量假设 Unit-of-measure Assumption
持续经营假设 Continuity(Going-concern) Assumption
会计分期假设 Time-period Assumption
资产 Asset
负债 Liability
业主权益 Owners Equity
收入 Revenue
费用 Expense
收益 Income
亏损 Loss
历史成本原则 Cost Principle
收入实现原则 Revenue Principle
配比原则 Matching Principle
全面披露原则 Full-disclosure (Reporting) Principle
客观性原则 Objective Principle
一致性原则 Consistent Principle
可比性原则 Comparability Principle
重大性原则 Materiality Principle
稳健性原则 Conservatism Principle
权责发生制 Accrual Basis
现金收付制 Cash Basis
财务报告 Financial Report
流动资产 Current assets
流动负债 Current Liabilities
长期负债 Long-term Liabilities
投入资本 Contributed Capital
留存收益 Retained Earning
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(2)会计循环
会计循环 Accounting Procedure/Cycle
会计信息系统 Accounting information System
帐户 Ledger
会计科目 Account
会计分录 Journal entry
原始凭证 Source Document
日记帐 Journal
总分类帐 General Ledger
明细分类帐 Subsidiary Ledger
试算平衡 Trial Balance
现金收款日记帐 Cash receipt journal
现金付款日记帐 Cash disbursements journal
销售日记帐 Sales Journal
购货日记帐 Purchase Journal
普通日记帐 General Journal
工作底稿 Worksheet
调整分录 Adjusting entries
结帐 Closing entries
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(3)现金与应收帐款
现金 Cash
银行存款 Cash in bank
库存现金 Cash in hand
流动资产 Current assets
偿债基金 Sinking fund
定额备用金 Imprest petty cash
支票 Check(cheque)
银行对帐单 Bank statement
银行存款调节表 Bank reconciliation statement
在途存款 Outstanding deposit
在途支票 Outstanding check
应付凭单 Vouchers payable
应收帐款 Account receivable
应收票据 Note receivable
起运点交货价 F.O.B shipping point
目的地交货价 F.O.B destination point
商业折扣 Trade discount
现金折扣 Cash discount
销售退回及折让 Sales return and allowance
坏帐费用 Bad debt expense
备抵法 Allowance method
备抵坏帐 Bad debt allowance
损益表法 Income statement approach
资产负债表法 Balance sheet approach
帐龄分析法 Aging analysis method
直接冲销法 Direct write-off method
带息票据 Interest bearing note
不带息票据 Non-interest bearing note
出票人 Maker
受款人 Payee
本金 Principal
利息率 Interest rate
到期日 Maturity date
本票 Promissory note
贴现 Discount
背书 Endorse
拒付费 Protest fee
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(4)存货
存货 Inventory
商品存货 Merchandise inventory
产成品存货 Finished goods inventory
在产品存货 Work in process inventory
原材料存货 Raw materials inventory
起运地离岸价格 F.O.B shipping point
目的地抵岸价格 F.O.B destination
寄销 Consignment
寄销人 Consignor
承销人 Consignee
定期盘存 Periodic inventory
永续盘存 Perpetual inventory
购货 Purchase
购货折让和折扣 Purchase allowance and discounts
存货盈余或短缺 Inventory overages and shortages
分批认定法 Specific identification
加权平均法 Weighted average
先进先出法 First-in, first-out or FIFO
后进先出法 Lost-in, first-out or LIFO
移动平均法 Moving average
成本或市价孰低法 Lower of cost or market or LCM
市价 Market value
重置成本 Replacement cost
可变现净值 Net realizable value
上限 Upper limit
下限 Lower limit
毛利法 Gross margin method
零售价格法 Retail method
成本率 Cost ratio
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(5)长期投资
长期投资 Long-term investment
长期股票投资 Investment on stocks
长期债券投资 Investment on bonds
成本法 Cost method
权益法 Equity method
合并法 Consolidation method
股利宣布日 Declaration date
股权登记日 Date of record
除息日 Ex-dividend date
付息日 Payment date
债券面值 Face value, Par value
债券折价 Discount on bonds
债券溢价 Premium on bonds
票面利率 Contract interest rate, stated rate
市场利率 Market interest ratio, Effective rate
普通股 Common Stock
优先股 Preferred Stock
现金股利 Cash dividends
股票股利 Stock dividends
清算股利 Liquidating dividends
到期日 Maturity date
到期值 Maturity value
直线摊销法 Straight-Line method of amortization
实际利息摊销法 Effective-interest method of amortization
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(6)固定资产
固定资产 Plant assets or Fixed assets
原值 Original value
预计使用年限 Expected useful life
预计残值 Estimated residual value
折旧费用 Depreciation expense
累计折旧 Accumulated depreciation
帐面价值 Carrying value
应提折旧成本 Depreciation cost
净值 Net value
在建工程 Construction-in-process
磨损 Wear and tear
过时 Obsolescence
直线法 Straight-line method (SL)
工作量法 Units-of-production method (UOP)
加速折旧法 Accelerated depreciation method
双倍余额递减法 Double-declining balance method (DDB)
年数总和法 Sum-of-the-years-digits method (SYD)
以旧换新 Trade in
经营租赁 Operating lease
融资租赁 Capital lease
廉价购买权 Bargain purchase option (BPO)
资产负债表外筹资 Off-balance-sheet financing
最低租赁付款额 Minimum lease payments
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(7)无形资产
无形资产 Intangible assets
专利权 Patents
商标权 Trademarks, Trade names
著作权 Copyrights
特许权或专营权 Franchises
商誉 Goodwill
开办费 Organization cost
租赁权 Leasehold
摊销 Amortization
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(8)流动负债
负债 Liability
流动负债 Current liability
应付帐款 Account payable
应付票据 Notes payable
贴现票据 Discount notes
长期负债一年内到期部分 Current maturities of long-term liabilities
应付股利 Dividends payable
预收收益 Prepayments by customers
存入保证金 Refundable deposits
应付费用 Accrual expense
增值税 value added tax
营业税 Business tax
应付所得税 Income tax payable
应付奖金 Bonuses payable
产品质量担保负债 Estimated liabilities under product warranties
赠品和兑换券 Premiums, coupons and trading stamps
或有事项 Contingency
或有负债 Contingent
或有损失 Loss contingencies
或有利得 Gain contingencies
永久性差异 Permanent difference
时间性差异 Timing difference
应付税款法 Taxes payable method
纳税影响会计法 Tax effect accounting method
递延所得税负债法 Deferred income tax liability method
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(9)长期负债
长期负债 Long-term Liabilities
应付公司债券 Bonds payable
有担保品的公司债券 Secured Bonds
抵押公司债券 Mortgage Bonds
保证公司债券 Guaranteed Bonds
信用公司债券 Debenture Bonds
一次还本公司债券 Term Bonds
分期还本公司债券 Serial Bonds
可转换公司债券 Convertible Bonds
可赎回公司债券 Callable Bonds
可要求公司债券 Redeemable Bonds
记名公司债券 Registered Bonds
无记名公司债券 Coupon Bonds
普通公司债券 Ordinary Bonds
收益公司债券 Income Bonds
名义利率,票面利率 Nominal rate
实际利率 Actual rate
有效利率 Effective rate
溢价 Premium
折价 Discount
面值 Par value
直线法 Straight-line method
实际利率法 Effective interest method
到期直接偿付 Repayment at maturity
提前偿付 Repayment at advance
偿债基金 Sinking fund
长期应付票据 Long-term notes payable
抵押借款 Mortgage loan
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(10)业主权益
权益 Equity
业主权益 Owners equity
股东权益 Stockholders equity
投入资本 Contributed capital
缴入资本 Paid-in capital
股本 Capital stock
资本公积 Capital surplus
留存收益 Retained earnings
核定股本 Authorized capital stock
实收资本 Issued capital stock
发行在外股本 Outstanding capital stock
库藏股 Treasury stock
普通股 Common stock
优先股 Preferred stock
累积优先股 Cumulative preferred stock
非累积优先股 Noncumulative preferred stock
完全参加优先股 Fully participating preferred stock
部分参加优先股 Partially participating preferred stock
非部分参加优先股 Nonpartially participating preferred stock
现金发行 Issuance for cash
非现金发行 Issuance for noncash consideration
股票的合并发行 Lump-sum sales of stock
发行成本 Issuance cost
成本法 Cost method
面值法 Par value method
捐赠资本 Donated capital
盈余分配 Distribution of earnings
股利 Dividend
股利政策 Dividend policy
宣布日 Date of declaration
股权登记日 Date of record
除息日 Ex-dividend date
股利支付日 Date of payment
现金股利 Cash dividend
股票股利 Stock dividend
拨款 appropriation
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(11)财务报表
财务报表 Financial Statement
资产负债表 Balance Sheet
收益表 Income Statement
帐户式 Account Form
报告式 Report Form
编制(报表) Prepare
工作底稿 Worksheet
多步式 Multi-step
单步式 Single-step
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(12)财务状况变动表
财务状况变动表中的现金基础 SCFP.Cash Basis
(现金流量表)
财务状况变动表中的营运资金基础 SCFP.Working Capital Basis
(资金来源与运用表)
营运资金 Working Capital
全部资源概念 All-resources concept
直接:)业务 Direct exchanges
正常营业活动 Normal operating activities
财务活动 Financing activities
投资活动 Investing activities
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(13)财务报表分析
财务报表分析 Analysis of financial statements
比较财务报表 Comparative financial statements
趋势百分比 Trend percentage
比率 Ratios
普通股每股收益 Earnings per share of common stock
股利收益率 Dividend yield ratio
价益比 Price-earnings ratio
普通股每股帐面价值 Book value per share of common stock
资本报酬率 Return on investment
总资产报酬率 Return on total asset
债券收益率 Yield rate on bonds
已获利息倍数 Number of times interest earned
债券比率 Debt ratio
优先股收益率 Yield rate on preferred stock
营运资本 Working Capital
周转 Turnover
存货周转率 Inventory turnover
应收帐款周转率 Accounts receivable turnover
流动比率 Current ratio
速动比率 Quick ratio
酸性试验比率 Acid test ratio
(14)合并财务报表
合并财务报表 Consolidated financial statements
吸收合并 Merger
创立合并 Consolidation
控股公司 Parent company
附属公司 Subsidiary company
少数股权 Minority interest
权益联营合并 Pooling of interest
购买合并 Combination by purchase
权益法 Equity method
成本法 Cost method
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(15)物价变动中的会计计量
物价变动之会计 Price-level changes accounting
一般物价水平会计 General price-level accounting
货币购买力会计 Purchasing-power accounting
统一币值会计 Constant dollar accounting
历史成本 Historical cost
现行价值会计 Current value accounting
现行成本 Current cost
重置成本 Replacement cost
物价指数 Price-level index
国民生产总值物价指数 Gross national product implicit price deflator (or GNP deflator)
消费物价指数 Consumer price index (or CPI)
批发物价指数 Wholesale price index
货币性资产 Monetary assets
货币性负债 Monetary liabilities
货币购买力损益 Purchasing-power gains or losses
资产持有损益 Holding gains or losses
未实现的资产持有损益 Unrealized holding gains or losses
现行价值与统一币值会计 Constant dollar and current cost accounting
经济金融术语汉英对照表
A
安全网 safety net
按可比口径 on comparable basis
按轻重缓急 to prioritize
暗补 implicit subsidy
暗亏 hidden loss
B
颁发营业执照 to license;to grant a licence to
办理存款业务 to take deposits
保护农民的生产积极性 to protect farmersincentive to produce
备付金(超额准备金) excess reserves
本外币并账 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts
本外币对冲操作 sterilization operation
本位利益 localized interest;departmentalism
奔小康 to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do
避税(请见“逃税”) tax avoidance
币种搭配不当 currency mismatch
币种构成 currency composition
变相社会集资 disguised irregular(or illegal) fund raising
表外科目(业务) off-balance-sheet items(operation)
薄弱环节 weaknesses;loopholes
不变成本 fixed cost
不变价 at constant price;in real terms
不动产 real estate
不良贷款(资产) problem loans;non-performing loans(assets)
C
财务公司 finance companies
财政赤字 fiscal deficit
财政挤银行 fiscal pressure on the central bank(over monetary policy)
财政政策与货币政策的配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies
采取循序渐进的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner
操作弹性 operational flexibility
操纵汇率 to manipulate exchange rate
产品构成 product composition;product mix
产品积压 stock pile;excessive inventory
产销率 current period inventory;(即期库存,不含前期库存)sales/output ratio
产销衔接 marketability
产业政策 industrial policy
长期国债 treasury bonds
敞口头寸 open position
炒股 to speculate in the stock market
承购包销 underwrite(securities)
成套机电产品 complete sets of equipment;complete plant(s)
城市信用社 urban credit cooperatives(UCCs)
城市合作银行 urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks
城市商业银行 municipal commercial banks
城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅 real growth in household income
持续升温 persistent overheating
重复布点 duplicate projects
重置成本 replacement cost
重组计划 restructuring plan
筹资渠道 funding sources;financing channels
初见成效 initial success
出口统一管理、归口经营 canalization of exports
出口退税 export tax rebate
储蓄存款 household deposits(不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits,前者包括活期存款,后者不包括。)
储蓄分流 diversion of household deposits
储源萎缩 decline in the availability of household savings
传导机制 transmission mechanism
从价税 ad valorem tax
从紧控制 tight control
存贷款比例 loan/deposit ratio
存款保险体系 deposit insurance system
存款货币银行 deposit money banks
存款准备金 required reserves
D
打白条 issue IOU
大额存单 certificate of deposit(CD)
大额提现 withdraw deposits in large amounts
大面积滑坡 wide-spread decline
大一统的银行体制 (all-in-one)mono-bank system
呆账(请见“坏账”) bad loans
呆账准备金 loan loss reserves(provisions)
呆滞贷款 idle loans
贷款沉淀 non-performing loans
贷款分类 loan classification
贷款限额管理 credit control;to impose credit ceiling
贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary(constraint)mechanism
代理国库 to act as fiscal agent
代理金融机构贷款 make loans on behalf of other institutions
戴帽贷款 ear-marked loans
倒逼机制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition
道德风险 moral hazard
地区差别 regional disparity
第一产业 the primary industry
第二产业 the secondary industry
第三产业 the service industry;the tertiary industry
递延资产 deferrable assets
订货不足 insufficient orders
定期存款 time deposits
定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources
东道国(请见“母国”) host country
独立核算 independent accounting
短期国债 treasury bills
对冲操作 sterilization operation;hedging
对非金融部门债权 claims on non-financial sector
多种所有制形式 diversified ownership www.6park.com
E
恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation
二级市场 secondary market
F
发行货币 to issue currency
发行总股本 total stock issue
法定准备金 required reserves;reserve requirement
法人股 institutional shares
法人股东 institutional shareholders
法治 rule of law
房地产投资 real estate investment
放松银根 to ease monetary policy
非现场稽核 off-site surveillance(or monitoring)
非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions
非赢利性机构 non-profit organizations
分税制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system
分业经营 segregation of financial business(services);division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions
风险暴露(风险敞口) risk exposure
风险管理 risk management
风险意识 risk awareness
风险资本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios
风险资本标准 risk-based capital standard
服务事业收入 public service charges;users charges
扶贫 poverty alleviation
负增长 negative growth
复式预算制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary account
G
G
改革试点 reform experimentation
杠杆率 leverage ratio
杠杆收购 leveraged buyout
高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest
个人股 non-institutional shares
根本扭转 fundamental turnaround(or reversal)
公开市场操作 open market operations
公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts
公用事业 public utilities
公有经济 the state-owned sector;the public sector
公有制 public ownership
工业成本利润率 profit-to-cost ratio
工业增加值 industrial value added
供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply
鼓励措施 incentives
股份合作企业 joint-equity cooperative enterprises
股份制企业 joint-equity enterprises
股份制银行 joint-equity banks
固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans
关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption
关税减让 tariff concessions
关税优惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment
规范行为 to regularize(or standardize)…behavior
规模效益 economies of scale
国计民生 national interest and peoples livelihood
国家对个人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals
国家风险 country risk
国际分工 international division of labor
国际收支 balance of payments
国有独资商业银行 wholly state-owned commercial banks
国有经济(部门) the state-owned(or public)sector
国有企业 state-owned enterprises(SOEs)
国有制 state-ownership
国有资产流失 erosion of state assets
国债回购 government securities repurchase
国债一级自营商 primary underwriters of government securities
过度竞争 excessive competition
过度膨胀 excessive expansion
过热迹象 signs of overheating
H
合理预期 rational expectation
核心资本 core capital
合资企业 joint-venture enterprises
红利 dividend
宏观经济运营良好 sound macroeconomic performance
宏观经济基本状况 macroeconomic fundamentals
宏观调控 macroeconomic management(or adjustment)
宏观调控目标 macroeconomic objectives(or targets)
坏账 bad debt
还本付息 debt service
换汇成本 unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings
汇兑在途 funds in float
汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiarys bank
汇率并轨 unification of exchange rates
活期存款 demand deposits
汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment
混合所有制 diversified(mixed)ownership
货币政策态势 monetary policy stance
货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers
J
基本建设投资 investment in infrastructure
基本经济要素 economic fundamentals
基本适度 broadly appropriate
基准利率 benchmark interest rate
机关团体存款 deposits of non-profit institutions
机会成本 opportunity cost
激励机制 incentive mechanism
积压严重 heavy stockpile;excessive inventory
挤提存款 run on banks
挤占挪用 unwarranted diversion of(financial)resources(from designated uses)
技改投资 investment in technological upgrading
技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product
计划单列市 municipalities with independent planning status
计划经济 planned economy
集体经济 the collective sector
加大结构调整力度 to intensify structural adjustment
加工贸易 processing trade
加快态势 accelerating trend
加强税收征管稽查 to enhance tax administration
加权价 weighted average price
价格放开 price liberalization
价格形成机制 pricing mechanism
减亏 to reduce losses
简化手续 to cut red tape;to simplify(streamline)procedures
交投活跃 brisk trading
缴存准备金 to deposit required reserves
结构扭曲 structural distortion
结构失调 structural imbalance
结构性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance
结构优化 structural improvement(optimization)
结汇、售汇 sale and purchase of foreign exchange
金融脆弱 financial fragility
金融动荡 financial turbulence
金融风波 financial disturbance
金融恐慌 financial panic
金融危机 financial crisis
金融压抑 financial repression
金融衍生物 financial derivatives
金融诈骗 financial fraud
紧缩银根 to tighten monetary policy
紧缩政策 austerity policies;tight financial policies
经常账户可兑换 current account convertibility
经济特区 special economic zones(SEZs)
经济体制改革 economic reform
经济增长方式的转变 change in the main source of economic growth(from investment expansion to efficiency gains)
经济增长减速 economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth
经济制裁 economic sanction
经营自主权 autonomy in management
景气回升 recovery in business activity
境外投资 overseas investment
竞争加剧 intensifying competition
局部性金融风波 localized(isolated)financial disturbance
K
开办人民币业务 to engage in RMB business
可维持(可持续)经济增长 sustainable economic growth
可变成本 variable cost
可自由兑换货币 freely convertible currency
控制现金投放 control currency issuance
扣除物价因素 in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis
库存产品 inventory
跨国银行业务 cross-border banking
跨年度采购 cross-year procurement
会计准则 accounting standard
L
来料加工 processing of imported materials for export
离岸银行业务 off-shore banking(business)
理顺外贸体制 to rationalize foreign trade regime
利率杠杆的调节作用 the role of interest rates in resource allocation
利润驱动 profit-driven
利息回收率 interest collection ratio
联行清算 inter-bank settlement
连锁企业 franchise(businesses);chain businesses
良性循环 virtuous cycle
两极分化 growing income disparity;polarization in income distribution
零售物价指数 retail price index(RPI)
流动性比例 liquidity ratio
流动资产周转率/流通速度 velocity of liquid assets
流动资金贷款 working capital loans
流通体制 distribution system
流通网络 distribution network
留购(租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物) hire purchase
垄断行业 monopolized industry(sector)
乱集资 irregular(illegal)fund raising
乱收费 irregular(illegal)charges
乱摊派 unjustified(arbitrary)levies
M
买方市场 buyers market
卖方市场 sellers market
卖出回购证券 matched sale of repo
贸易差额 trade balance
民间信用 non-institutionalized credit
免二减三 exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years
明补 explicit subsidy
明亏 explicit loss
名牌产品 brand products
母国(请见“东道国”) home country
N
内部控制 internal control
内部审计 internal audit
内地与香港 the mainland and Hong Kong
内债 domestic debt
扭亏为盈 to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one
扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources
农副产品采购支出 outlays for agricultural procurement
农村信用社 rural credit cooperatives(RCCs)
P
泡沫效应 bubble effect
泡沫经济 bubble economy
培育新的经济增长点 to tap new sources of economic growth
片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth
平衡发展 balanced development
瓶颈制约 bottleneck(constraints)
平稳回升 steady recovery
铺底流动资金 initial(start-up)working capital
普遍回升 broad-based recovery
配套改革 concomitant(supporting)reforms
配套人民币资金 local currency funding of…
Q
企业办社会 enterprises burdened with social responsibilities
企业集团战略 corporate group strategy
企业兼并重组 company merger and restructuring
企业领导班子 enterprise management
企业所得税 enterprise(corporate)income tax
企业效益 corporate profitability
企业资金违规流入股市 irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market
欠税 tax arrears
欠息 overdue interest
强化税收征管 to strengthen tax administration
强制措施 enforcement action
翘尾因素 carryover effect
切一刀 partial application
清理收回贷款 clean up and recover loans
(破产)清算 liquidation
倾斜政策 preferential policy
区别对待 differential treatment
趋势加强 intensifying trend
全球化 globalization
权益回报率 returns on equity(ROE)
缺乏后劲 unsustainable momentum www.6park.com
R
绕规模贷款 to circumvent credit ceiling
人均国内生产总值 per capita GDP
人均收入 per capita income
人民币升值压力 upward pressure on the Renminbi(exchange rate)
认缴资本 subscribed capital
软贷款 soft loans
软预算约束 soft budget constraint
软着陆 soft landing
S
三角债 chain debts;inter-enterprise arrears
善政廉政 good governance
商业贷款 commercial loans
上市公司 (publicly)listed corporations
设备利用 capacity utilization
社会保障 social safety net;social security(insurance)
深层次矛盾 deep-rooted structural imbalance
审批金融机构 to license financial institutions
审慎监管 prudential supervision
生产能力闲置 unutilized capacity
生息资产 interest-bearing assets
实际利用外资 disbursement of foreign capital;actual inflow of foreign investment
实际有效汇率 real effective exchange rate
实时 real time
实收资本 paid-in capital
实现利润 realized profit
市场分割 market segmentation
市场经济 market economy
市场占有率(市场份额) market share
市场准入 market access(指商品和劳务的进入);market entry(指机构的审批)
市价总值 market capitalization
适度从紧 appropriately tight
适时调节 timely adjustment
收回对金融机构贷款 to recall central bank loans (to financial institutions)
税后还贷 amortization(repayment of loans)after tax
税收流失 tax erosion
税源不足 weak tax base
私营经济(私人经济) the private sector
私有制 private ownership
所有者权益 owners equity
T
逃税(请见“避税”) tax evasion
套汇 (1)指合法:currency swap;arbitrage(2)指非法:illegal purchase of foreign exchange
剔除季节性因素 seasonally adjusted
调节流动性 to influence liquidity level
贴现窗口 discount window
同比 on year-on-year basis;over the same period of the previous year
同业拆借(放) inter-bank borrowing(lending)
同业拆借市场利率(中国) CHIBOR(China inter-bank offered rate)
同业融通票据 inter-bank financing bills
同业往来 inter-bank transactions
透支 overdraft
退税 tax refund(rebate)
头寸 position
吞吐基础货币 adjustment of monetary base
脱媒现象 disintermediation
W
外部审计 external audit
外国直接投资 foreign direct investment (FDI)
外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves
外汇调剂 foreign exchange swap
外汇占款 the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings
外向型经济 export-oriented economy
外债 external debt
外资企业 foreign-funded enterprises
完善现代企业制度 to improve the modern enterprise system
完税凭证 tax payment documentation
违法经营 illegal business
委托存款 entrusted deposits
稳步增长 steady growth
稳健的银行系统 a sound banking system
稳中求进 to make progress while ensuring stability
无纸交易 book-entry(or paperless/***less)transaction
物价监测 price monitoring
X
吸纳流动性 to absorb liquidity
稀缺经济 scarcity economy
洗钱 money laundering
系统内调度 fund allocation within a bank
系统性金融危机 systemic financial crisis
下岗工人 laid-off employees
下游企业 down-stream enterprises
现场稽核 on-site examination
现金滞留(居民手中) cash held outside the banking system
乡镇企业 township and village enterprises(TVEs)
消费物价指数 consumer price index(CPI)
消费税 excise(consumption)tax
消灭财政赤字 to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit
销货款回笼 reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system
销售平淡 lackluster sales
协议外资金额 committed amount of foreign investment
新经济增长点 new sources of economic growth
新开工项目 new projects;newly started projects
新增贷款 incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion
新增就业位置 new jobs;new job opportunities
信贷规模考核 review the compliance with credit ceilings
信号失真 distorted signals
信托投资公司 trust and investment companies
信息不对称 information asymmetry
信息反馈 feedback(information)
信息共享系统 information sharing system
信息披露 information disclosure
信用扩张 credir expansion
信用评级 credit rating
姓“资”还是姓“社” pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist orcaptialist
行政措施 administrative measures
需求膨胀 demand expansion; excessive demand
虚伪存款 window-dressing deposits
削减冗员 to shed excess labor force
寻租 rent seeking
迅速反弹 quick rebound
Y
养老基金 pension fund
一刀切 universal application;non-discretionary implementation
一级市场 primary market
应收未收利息 overdue interest
银行网点 banking outlets
赢利能力 profitability
营业税 business tax
硬贷款(商业贷款) commercial loans
用地审批 to grant land use right
有管理的浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate
证券投资 portfolio investment
游资(热钱) hot money
有市场的产品 marketable products
有效供给 effective supply
诱发新一轮经济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion
逾期贷款 overdue loans;past-due loans
与国际惯例接轨 to become compatible with internationally accepted
与国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market
预算外支出(收入) off-budget (extra-budgetary) expenditure(revenue)
预调 pre-emptive adjustment
月环比 on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basis www.6park.com
Z
再贷款 central bank lending
在国际金融机构储备头寸 reserve position in international financial institutions
在人行存款 deposits at (with) the central bank
在途资金 fund in float
增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture
增势减缓 deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum
增收节支措施 revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures
增长平稳 steady growth
增值税 value-added tax(VAT)
涨幅偏高 higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth
账外账 concealed accounts
折旧 depreciation
整顿 retrenchment;consolidation
政策工具 policy instrument
政策性业务 policy-related operations
政策性银行 policy banks
政策组合 policy mix
政府干预 government intervention
证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions
证券业务占款 funding of securities purchase
支付困难 payment difficulty
支付能力 payment capacity
直接调控方式向 to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments
间接调控方式转变职能转换 transformation of functions
职业道德 professional ethics
指令性措施 mandatory measures
指令性计划 mandatory plan;administered plan
制定和实施货币政策 to conduct monetary policy;to formulate and implement monetary policy
滞后影响 lagged effect
中介机构 intermediaries
中央与地方财政 delineation of fiscal responsibilities
分灶吃饭重点建设 key construction projects;key investment project
周期谷底 bottom(trough)of business cycle
周转速度 velocity
主办银行 main bank
主权风险 sovereign risk
注册资本 registered capital
逐步到位 to phase in;phased implementation
逐步取消 to phase out
抓大放小 to seize the big and free the small(to maintain close oversight on the large state-ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition)
专款专用 use of funds as ear-marked
转贷 on-lending
转轨经济 transition economy
转机 turnaround
转折关头 turning point
准财政赤字 quasi-fiscal deficit
准货币 quasi-money
资本不足 under-capitalized
资本充足率 capital adequacy ratio
资本利润率 return on capital
资本账户可兑换 capital account convertibility
资不抵债 insolvent;insolvency
资产负债表 balance sheet
资产负债率 liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets
资产集中 asset concentration
资产贡献率 asset contribution factor
资产利润率 return on assets (ROA)
资产质量 asset quality
资产组合 asset portfolio
资金成本 cost of funding;cost of capital;financing cost
资金到位 fully funded (project)
资金宽裕 to have sufficient funds
资金利用率 fund utilization rate
资金缺口 financing gap
资金体外循环 financial disintermediation
资金占压 funds tied up
自筹投资项目 self-financed projects
自有资金 equity fund
综合国力 overall national strength(often measured by GDP)
综合效益指标 overall efficiency indicator
综合治理 comprehensive adjustment(retrenchment);over-haul
总成交额 total contract value
总交易量 total amount of transactions
总成本 total cost
最后贷款人 lender of last resort
Accounting system 会计系统
American Accounting Association 美国会计协会
American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会
Audit 审计
Balance sheet 资产负债表
Bookkeepking 簿记
Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测
Certificate in Internal Auditing 内部审计证书
Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书
Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师
Cost accounting 成本会计
External users 外部使用者
Financial accounting 财务会计
Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会
Financial forecast 财务预测
Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则
General-purpose information 通用目的信息
Government Accounting Office 政府会计办公室
Income statement 损益表
Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会
Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会
Integrity 整合性
Internal auditing 内部审计
Internal control structure 内部控制结构
Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署
Internal users 内部使用者
Management accounting 管理会计
Return of investment 投资回报
Return on investment 投资报酬
Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会
Statement of cash flow 现金流量表
Statement of financial position 财务状况表
Tax accounting 税务会计
Accounting equation 会计等式
Articulation 勾稽关系
Assets 资产
Business entity 企业个体
Capital stock 股本
Corporation 公司
Cost principle 成本原则
Creditor 债权人
Deflation 通货紧缩
Disclosure 批露
Expenses 费用
Financial statement 财务报表
Financial activities 筹资活动
Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设
Inflation 通货膨涨
Investing activities 投资活动
Liabilities 负债
Negative cash flow 负现金流量
Operating activities 经营活动
Owners equity 所有者权益
Partnership 合伙企业
Positive cash flow 正现金流量
Retained earning 留存利润
Revenue 收入
Sole proprietorship 独资企业
Solvency 清偿能力
Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设
Stockholders 股东
Stockholders equity 股东权益
Window dressing 门面粉饰
财会名词汉英对照表
(1)会计与会计理论
会计 accounting
决策人 Decision Maker
投资人 Investor
股东 Shareholder
债权人 Creditor
财务会计 Financial Accounting
管理会计 Management Accounting
成本会计 Cost Accounting
私业会计 Private Accounting
公众会计 Public Accounting
注册会计师 CPA Certified Public Accountant
国际会计准则委员会 IASC
美国注册会计师协会 AICPA
财务会计准则委员会 FASB
管理会计协会 IMA
美国会计学会 AAA
税务稽核署 IRS
独资企业 Proprietorship
合伙人企业 Partnership
公司 Corporation
会计目标 Accounting Objectives
会计假设 Accounting Assumptions
会计要素 Accounting Elements
会计原则 Accounting Principles
会计实务过程 Accounting Procedures
财务报表 Financial Statements
财务分析Financial Analysis
会计主体假设 Separate-entity Assumption
货币计量假设 Unit-of-measure Assumption
持续经营假设 Continuity(Going-concern) Assumption
会计分期假设 Time-period Assumption
资产 Asset
负债 Liability
业主权益 Owners Equity
收入 Revenue
费用 Expense
收益 Income
亏损 Loss
历史成本原则 Cost Principle
收入实现原则 Revenue Principle
配比原则 Matching Principle
全面披露原则 Full-disclosure (Reporting) Principle
客观性原则 Objective Principle
一致性原则 Consistent Principle
可比性原则 Comparability Principle
重大性原则 Materiality Principle
稳健性原则 Conservatism Principle
权责发生制 Accrual Basis
现金收付制 Cash Basis
财务报告 Financial Report
流动资产 Current assets
流动负债 Current Liabilities
长期负债 Long-term Liabilities
投入资本 Contributed Capital
留存收益 Retained Earning
------------------------------------------------------------
(2)会计循环
会计循环 Accounting Procedure/Cycle
会计信息系统 Accounting information System
帐户 Ledger
会计科目 Account
会计分录 Journal entry
原始凭证 Source Document
日记帐 Journal
总分类帐 General Ledger
明细分类帐 Subsidiary Ledger
试算平衡 Trial Balance
现金收款日记帐 Cash receipt journal
现金付款日记帐 Cash disbursements journal
销售日记帐 Sales Journal
购货日记帐 Purchase Journal
普通日记帐 General Journal
工作底稿 Worksheet
调整分录 Adjusting entries
结帐 Closing entries
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(3)现金与应收帐款
现金 Cash
银行存款 Cash in bank
库存现金 Cash in hand
流动资产 Current assets
偿债基金 Sinking fund
定额备用金 Imprest petty cash
支票 Check(cheque)
银行对帐单 Bank statement
银行存款调节表 Bank reconciliation statement
在途存款 Outstanding deposit
在途支票 Outstanding check
应付凭单 Vouchers payable
应收帐款 Account receivable
应收票据 Note receivable
起运点交货价 F.O.B shipping point
目的地交货价 F.O.B destination point
商业折扣 Trade discount
现金折扣 Cash discount
销售退回及折让 Sales return and allowance
坏帐费用 Bad debt expense
备抵法 Allowance method
备抵坏帐 Bad debt allowance
损益表法 Income statement approach
资产负债表法 Balance sheet approach
帐龄分析法 Aging analysis method
直接冲销法 Direct write-off method
带息票据 Interest bearing note
不带息票据 Non-interest bearing note
出票人 Maker
受款人 Payee
本金 Principal
利息率 Interest rate
到期日 Maturity date
本票 Promissory note
贴现 Discount
背书 Endorse
拒付费 Protest fee
------------------------------------------------------------
(4)存货
存货 Inventory
商品存货 Merchandise inventory
产成品存货 Finished goods inventory
在产品存货 Work in process inventory
原材料存货 Raw materials inventory
起运地离岸价格 F.O.B shipping point
目的地抵岸价格 F.O.B destination
寄销 Consignment
寄销人 Consignor
承销人 Consignee
定期盘存 Periodic inventory
永续盘存 Perpetual inventory
购货 Purchase
购货折让和折扣 Purchase allowance and discounts
存货盈余或短缺 Inventory overages and shortages
分批认定法 Specific identification
加权平均法 Weighted average
先进先出法 First-in, first-out or FIFO
后进先出法 Lost-in, first-out or LIFO
移动平均法 Moving average
成本或市价孰低法 Lower of cost or market or LCM
市价 Market value
重置成本 Replacement cost
可变现净值 Net realizable value
上限 Upper limit
下限 Lower limit
毛利法 Gross margin method
零售价格法 Retail method
成本率 Cost ratio
------------------------------------------------------------
(5)长期投资
长期投资 Long-term investment
长期股票投资 Investment on stocks
长期债券投资 Investment on bonds
成本法 Cost method
权益法 Equity method
合并法 Consolidation method
股利宣布日 Declaration date
股权登记日 Date of record
除息日 Ex-dividend date
付息日 Payment date
债券面值 Face value, Par value
债券折价 Discount on bonds
债券溢价 Premium on bonds
票面利率 Contract interest rate, stated rate
市场利率 Market interest ratio, Effective rate
普通股 Common Stock
优先股 Preferred Stock
现金股利 Cash dividends
股票股利 Stock dividends
清算股利 Liquidating dividends
到期日 Maturity date
到期值 Maturity value
直线摊销法 Straight-Line method of amortization
实际利息摊销法 Effective-interest method of amortization
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(6)固定资产
固定资产 Plant assets or Fixed assets
原值 Original value
预计使用年限 Expected useful life
预计残值 Estimated residual value
折旧费用 Depreciation expense
累计折旧 Accumulated depreciation
帐面价值 Carrying value
应提折旧成本 Depreciation cost
净值 Net value
在建工程 Construction-in-process
磨损 Wear and tear
过时 Obsolescence
直线法 Straight-line method (SL)
工作量法 Units-of-production method (UOP)
加速折旧法 Accelerated depreciation method
双倍余额递减法 Double-declining balance method (DDB)
年数总和法 Sum-of-the-years-digits method (SYD)
以旧换新 Trade in
经营租赁 Operating lease
融资租赁 Capital lease
廉价购买权 Bargain purchase option (BPO)
资产负债表外筹资 Off-balance-sheet financing
最低租赁付款额 Minimum lease payments
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(7)无形资产
无形资产 Intangible assets
专利权 Patents
商标权 Trademarks, Trade names
著作权 Copyrights
特许权或专营权 Franchises
商誉 Goodwill
开办费 Organization cost
租赁权 Leasehold
摊销 Amortization
--------------------------------------------------------
(8)流动负债
负债 Liability
流动负债 Current liability
应付帐款 Account payable
应付票据 Notes payable
贴现票据 Discount notes
长期负债一年内到期部分 Current maturities of long-term liabilities
应付股利 Dividends payable
预收收益 Prepayments by customers
存入保证金 Refundable deposits
应付费用 Accrual expense
增值税 value added tax
营业税 Business tax
应付所得税 Income tax payable
应付奖金 Bonuses payable
产品质量担保负债 Estimated liabilities under product warranties
赠品和兑换券 Premiums, coupons and trading stamps
或有事项 Contingency
或有负债 Contingent
或有损失 Loss contingencies
或有利得 Gain contingencies
永久性差异 Permanent difference
时间性差异 Timing difference
应付税款法 Taxes payable method
纳税影响会计法 Tax effect accounting method
递延所得税负债法 Deferred income tax liability method
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(9)长期负债
长期负债 Long-term Liabilities
应付公司债券 Bonds payable
有担保品的公司债券 Secured Bonds
抵押公司债券 Mortgage Bonds
保证公司债券 Guaranteed Bonds
信用公司债券 Debenture Bonds
一次还本公司债券 Term Bonds
分期还本公司债券 Serial Bonds
可转换公司债券 Convertible Bonds
可赎回公司债券 Callable Bonds
可要求公司债券 Redeemable Bonds
记名公司债券 Registered Bonds
无记名公司债券 Coupon Bonds
普通公司债券 Ordinary Bonds
收益公司债券 Income Bonds
名义利率,票面利率 Nominal rate
实际利率 Actual rate
有效利率 Effective rate
溢价 Premium
折价 Discount
面值 Par value
直线法 Straight-line method
实际利率法 Effective interest method
到期直接偿付 Repayment at maturity
提前偿付 Repayment at advance
偿债基金 Sinking fund
长期应付票据 Long-term notes payable
抵押借款 Mortgage loan
--------------------------------------------------
(10)业主权益
权益 Equity
业主权益 Owners equity
股东权益 Stockholders equity
投入资本 Contributed capital
缴入资本 Paid-in capital
股本 Capital stock
资本公积 Capital surplus
留存收益 Retained earnings
核定股本 Authorized capital stock
实收资本 Issued capital stock
发行在外股本 Outstanding capital stock
库藏股 Treasury stock
普通股 Common stock
优先股 Preferred stock
累积优先股 Cumulative preferred stock
非累积优先股 Noncumulative preferred stock
完全参加优先股 Fully participating preferred stock
部分参加优先股 Partially participating preferred stock
非部分参加优先股 Nonpartially participating preferred stock
现金发行 Issuance for cash
非现金发行 Issuance for noncash consideration
股票的合并发行 Lump-sum sales of stock
发行成本 Issuance cost
成本法 Cost method
面值法 Par value method
捐赠资本 Donated capital
盈余分配 Distribution of earnings
股利 Dividend
股利政策 Dividend policy
宣布日 Date of declaration
股权登记日 Date of record
除息日 Ex-dividend date
股利支付日 Date of payment
现金股利 Cash dividend
股票股利 Stock dividend
拨款 appropriation
------------------------------------------------------------
(11)财务报表
财务报表 Financial Statement
资产负债表 Balance Sheet
收益表 Income Statement
帐户式 Account Form
报告式 Report Form
编制(报表) Prepare
工作底稿 Worksheet
多步式 Multi-step
单步式 Single-step
-----------------------------------------------------------
(12)财务状况变动表
财务状况变动表中的现金基础 SCFP.Cash Basis
(现金流量表)
财务状况变动表中的营运资金基础 SCFP.Working Capital Basis
(资金来源与运用表)
营运资金 Working Capital
全部资源概念 All-resources concept
直接:)业务 Direct exchanges
正常营业活动 Normal operating activities
财务活动 Financing activities
投资活动 Investing activities
-----------------------------------------------------------
(13)财务报表分析
财务报表分析 Analysis of financial statements
比较财务报表 Comparative financial statements
趋势百分比 Trend percentage
比率 Ratios
普通股每股收益 Earnings per share of common stock
股利收益率 Dividend yield ratio
价益比 Price-earnings ratio
普通股每股帐面价值 Book value per share of common stock
资本报酬率 Return on investment
总资产报酬率 Return on total asset
债券收益率 Yield rate on bonds
已获利息倍数 Number of times interest earned
债券比率 Debt ratio
优先股收益率 Yield rate on preferred stock
营运资本 Working Capital
周转 Turnover
存货周转率 Inventory turnover
应收帐款周转率 Accounts receivable turnover
流动比率 Current ratio
速动比率 Quick ratio
酸性试验比率 Acid test ratio
(14)合并财务报表
合并财务报表 Consolidated financial statements
吸收合并 Merger
创立合并 Consolidation
控股公司 Parent company
附属公司 Subsidiary company
少数股权 Minority interest
权益联营合并 Pooling of interest
购买合并 Combination by purchase
权益法 Equity method
成本法 Cost method
------------------------------------------------------------
(15)物价变动中的会计计量
物价变动之会计 Price-level changes accounting
一般物价水平会计 General price-level accounting
货币购买力会计 Purchasing-power accounting
统一币值会计 Constant dollar accounting
历史成本 Historical cost
现行价值会计 Current value accounting
现行成本 Current cost
重置成本 Replacement cost
物价指数 Price-level index
国民生产总值物价指数 Gross national product implicit price deflator (or GNP deflator)
消费物价指数 Consumer price index (or CPI)
批发物价指数 Wholesale price index
货币性资产 Monetary assets
货币性负债 Monetary liabilities
货币购买力损益 Purchasing-power gains or losses
资产持有损益 Holding gains or losses
未实现的资产持有损益 Unrealized holding gains or losses
现行价值与统一币值会计 Constant dollar and current cost accounting
经济金融术语汉英对照表
A
安全网 safety net
按可比口径 on comparable basis
按轻重缓急 to prioritize
暗补 implicit subsidy
暗亏 hidden loss
B
颁发营业执照 to license;to grant a licence to
办理存款业务 to take deposits
保护农民的生产积极性 to protect farmersincentive to produce
备付金(超额准备金) excess reserves
本外币并账 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts
本外币对冲操作 sterilization operation
本位利益 localized interest;departmentalism
奔小康 to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do
避税(请见“逃税”) tax avoidance
币种搭配不当 currency mismatch
币种构成 currency composition
变相社会集资 disguised irregular(or illegal) fund raising
表外科目(业务) off-balance-sheet items(operation)
薄弱环节 weaknesses;loopholes
不变成本 fixed cost
不变价 at constant price;in real terms
不动产 real estate
不良贷款(资产) problem loans;non-performing loans(assets)
C
财务公司 finance companies
财政赤字 fiscal deficit
财政挤银行 fiscal pressure on the central bank(over monetary policy)
财政政策与货币政策的配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies
采取循序渐进的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner
操作弹性 operational flexibility
操纵汇率 to manipulate exchange rate
产品构成 product composition;product mix
产品积压 stock pile;excessive inventory
产销率 current period inventory;(即期库存,不含前期库存)sales/output ratio
产销衔接 marketability
产业政策 industrial policy
长期国债 treasury bonds
敞口头寸 open position
炒股 to speculate in the stock market
承购包销 underwrite(securities)
成套机电产品 complete sets of equipment;complete plant(s)
城市信用社 urban credit cooperatives(UCCs)
城市合作银行 urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks
城市商业银行 municipal commercial banks
城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅 real growth in household income
持续升温 persistent overheating
重复布点 duplicate projects
重置成本 replacement cost
重组计划 restructuring plan
筹资渠道 funding sources;financing channels
初见成效 initial success
出口统一管理、归口经营 canalization of exports
出口退税 export tax rebate
储蓄存款 household deposits(不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits,前者包括活期存款,后者不包括。)
储蓄分流 diversion of household deposits
储源萎缩 decline in the availability of household savings
传导机制 transmission mechanism
从价税 ad valorem tax
从紧控制 tight control
存贷款比例 loan/deposit ratio
存款保险体系 deposit insurance system
存款货币银行 deposit money banks
存款准备金 required reserves
D
打白条 issue IOU
大额存单 certificate of deposit(CD)
大额提现 withdraw deposits in large amounts
大面积滑坡 wide-spread decline
大一统的银行体制 (all-in-one)mono-bank system
呆账(请见“坏账”) bad loans
呆账准备金 loan loss reserves(provisions)
呆滞贷款 idle loans
贷款沉淀 non-performing loans
贷款分类 loan classification
贷款限额管理 credit control;to impose credit ceiling
贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary(constraint)mechanism
代理国库 to act as fiscal agent
代理金融机构贷款 make loans on behalf of other institutions
戴帽贷款 ear-marked loans
倒逼机制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition
道德风险 moral hazard
地区差别 regional disparity
第一产业 the primary industry
第二产业 the secondary industry
第三产业 the service industry;the tertiary industry
递延资产 deferrable assets
订货不足 insufficient orders
定期存款 time deposits
定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources
东道国(请见“母国”) host country
独立核算 independent accounting
短期国债 treasury bills
对冲操作 sterilization operation;hedging
对非金融部门债权 claims on non-financial sector
多种所有制形式 diversified ownership www.6park.com
E
恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation
二级市场 secondary market
F
发行货币 to issue currency
发行总股本 total stock issue
法定准备金 required reserves;reserve requirement
法人股 institutional shares
法人股东 institutional shareholders
法治 rule of law
房地产投资 real estate investment
放松银根 to ease monetary policy
非现场稽核 off-site surveillance(or monitoring)
非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions
非赢利性机构 non-profit organizations
分税制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system
分业经营 segregation of financial business(services);division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions
风险暴露(风险敞口) risk exposure
风险管理 risk management
风险意识 risk awareness
风险资本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios
风险资本标准 risk-based capital standard
服务事业收入 public service charges;users charges
扶贫 poverty alleviation
负增长 negative growth
复式预算制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary account
G
G
改革试点 reform experimentation
杠杆率 leverage ratio
杠杆收购 leveraged buyout
高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest
个人股 non-institutional shares
根本扭转 fundamental turnaround(or reversal)
公开市场操作 open market operations
公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts
公用事业 public utilities
公有经济 the state-owned sector;the public sector
公有制 public ownership
工业成本利润率 profit-to-cost ratio
工业增加值 industrial value added
供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply
鼓励措施 incentives
股份合作企业 joint-equity cooperative enterprises
股份制企业 joint-equity enterprises
股份制银行 joint-equity banks
固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans
关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption
关税减让 tariff concessions
关税优惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment
规范行为 to regularize(or standardize)…behavior
规模效益 economies of scale
国计民生 national interest and peoples livelihood
国家对个人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals
国家风险 country risk
国际分工 international division of labor
国际收支 balance of payments
国有独资商业银行 wholly state-owned commercial banks
国有经济(部门) the state-owned(or public)sector
国有企业 state-owned enterprises(SOEs)
国有制 state-ownership
国有资产流失 erosion of state assets
国债回购 government securities repurchase
国债一级自营商 primary underwriters of government securities
过度竞争 excessive competition
过度膨胀 excessive expansion
过热迹象 signs of overheating
H
合理预期 rational expectation
核心资本 core capital
合资企业 joint-venture enterprises
红利 dividend
宏观经济运营良好 sound macroeconomic performance
宏观经济基本状况 macroeconomic fundamentals
宏观调控 macroeconomic management(or adjustment)
宏观调控目标 macroeconomic objectives(or targets)
坏账 bad debt
还本付息 debt service
换汇成本 unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings
汇兑在途 funds in float
汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiarys bank
汇率并轨 unification of exchange rates
活期存款 demand deposits
汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment
混合所有制 diversified(mixed)ownership
货币政策态势 monetary policy stance
货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers
J
基本建设投资 investment in infrastructure
基本经济要素 economic fundamentals
基本适度 broadly appropriate
基准利率 benchmark interest rate
机关团体存款 deposits of non-profit institutions
机会成本 opportunity cost
激励机制 incentive mechanism
积压严重 heavy stockpile;excessive inventory
挤提存款 run on banks
挤占挪用 unwarranted diversion of(financial)resources(from designated uses)
技改投资 investment in technological upgrading
技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product
计划单列市 municipalities with independent planning status
计划经济 planned economy
集体经济 the collective sector
加大结构调整力度 to intensify structural adjustment
加工贸易 processing trade
加快态势 accelerating trend
加强税收征管稽查 to enhance tax administration
加权价 weighted average price
价格放开 price liberalization
价格形成机制 pricing mechanism
减亏 to reduce losses
简化手续 to cut red tape;to simplify(streamline)procedures
交投活跃 brisk trading
缴存准备金 to deposit required reserves
结构扭曲 structural distortion
结构失调 structural imbalance
结构性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance
结构优化 structural improvement(optimization)
结汇、售汇 sale and purchase of foreign exchange
金融脆弱 financial fragility
金融动荡 financial turbulence
金融风波 financial disturbance
金融恐慌 financial panic
金融危机 financial crisis
金融压抑 financial repression
金融衍生物 financial derivatives
金融诈骗 financial fraud
紧缩银根 to tighten monetary policy
紧缩政策 austerity policies;tight financial policies
经常账户可兑换 current account convertibility
经济特区 special economic zones(SEZs)
经济体制改革 economic reform
经济增长方式的转变 change in the main source of economic growth(from investment expansion to efficiency gains)
经济增长减速 economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth
经济制裁 economic sanction
经营自主权 autonomy in management
景气回升 recovery in business activity
境外投资 overseas investment
竞争加剧 intensifying competition
局部性金融风波 localized(isolated)financial disturbance
K
开办人民币业务 to engage in RMB business
可维持(可持续)经济增长 sustainable economic growth
可变成本 variable cost
可自由兑换货币 freely convertible currency
控制现金投放 control currency issuance
扣除物价因素 in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis
库存产品 inventory
跨国银行业务 cross-border banking
跨年度采购 cross-year procurement
会计准则 accounting standard
L
来料加工 processing of imported materials for export
离岸银行业务 off-shore banking(business)
理顺外贸体制 to rationalize foreign trade regime
利率杠杆的调节作用 the role of interest rates in resource allocation
利润驱动 profit-driven
利息回收率 interest collection ratio
联行清算 inter-bank settlement
连锁企业 franchise(businesses);chain businesses
良性循环 virtuous cycle
两极分化 growing income disparity;polarization in income distribution
零售物价指数 retail price index(RPI)
流动性比例 liquidity ratio
流动资产周转率/流通速度 velocity of liquid assets
流动资金贷款 working capital loans
流通体制 distribution system
流通网络 distribution network
留购(租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物) hire purchase
垄断行业 monopolized industry(sector)
乱集资 irregular(illegal)fund raising
乱收费 irregular(illegal)charges
乱摊派 unjustified(arbitrary)levies
M
买方市场 buyers market
卖方市场 sellers market
卖出回购证券 matched sale of repo
贸易差额 trade balance
民间信用 non-institutionalized credit
免二减三 exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years
明补 explicit subsidy
明亏 explicit loss
名牌产品 brand products
母国(请见“东道国”) home country
N
内部控制 internal control
内部审计 internal audit
内地与香港 the mainland and Hong Kong
内债 domestic debt
扭亏为盈 to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one
扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources
农副产品采购支出 outlays for agricultural procurement
农村信用社 rural credit cooperatives(RCCs)
P
泡沫效应 bubble effect
泡沫经济 bubble economy
培育新的经济增长点 to tap new sources of economic growth
片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth
平衡发展 balanced development
瓶颈制约 bottleneck(constraints)
平稳回升 steady recovery
铺底流动资金 initial(start-up)working capital
普遍回升 broad-based recovery
配套改革 concomitant(supporting)reforms
配套人民币资金 local currency funding of…
Q
企业办社会 enterprises burdened with social responsibilities
企业集团战略 corporate group strategy
企业兼并重组 company merger and restructuring
企业领导班子 enterprise management
企业所得税 enterprise(corporate)income tax
企业效益 corporate profitability
企业资金违规流入股市 irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market
欠税 tax arrears
欠息 overdue interest
强化税收征管 to strengthen tax administration
强制措施 enforcement action
翘尾因素 carryover effect
切一刀 partial application
清理收回贷款 clean up and recover loans
(破产)清算 liquidation
倾斜政策 preferential policy
区别对待 differential treatment
趋势加强 intensifying trend
全球化 globalization
权益回报率 returns on equity(ROE)
缺乏后劲 unsustainable momentum www.6park.com
R
绕规模贷款 to circumvent credit ceiling
人均国内生产总值 per capita GDP
人均收入 per capita income
人民币升值压力 upward pressure on the Renminbi(exchange rate)
认缴资本 subscribed capital
软贷款 soft loans
软预算约束 soft budget constraint
软着陆 soft landing
S
三角债 chain debts;inter-enterprise arrears
善政廉政 good governance
商业贷款 commercial loans
上市公司 (publicly)listed corporations
设备利用 capacity utilization
社会保障 social safety net;social security(insurance)
深层次矛盾 deep-rooted structural imbalance
审批金融机构 to license financial institutions
审慎监管 prudential supervision
生产能力闲置 unutilized capacity
生息资产 interest-bearing assets
实际利用外资 disbursement of foreign capital;actual inflow of foreign investment
实际有效汇率 real effective exchange rate
实时 real time
实收资本 paid-in capital
实现利润 realized profit
市场分割 market segmentation
市场经济 market economy
市场占有率(市场份额) market share
市场准入 market access(指商品和劳务的进入);market entry(指机构的审批)
市价总值 market capitalization
适度从紧 appropriately tight
适时调节 timely adjustment
收回对金融机构贷款 to recall central bank loans (to financial institutions)
税后还贷 amortization(repayment of loans)after tax
税收流失 tax erosion
税源不足 weak tax base
私营经济(私人经济) the private sector
私有制 private ownership
所有者权益 owners equity
T
逃税(请见“避税”) tax evasion
套汇 (1)指合法:currency swap;arbitrage(2)指非法:illegal purchase of foreign exchange
剔除季节性因素 seasonally adjusted
调节流动性 to influence liquidity level
贴现窗口 discount window
同比 on year-on-year basis;over the same period of the previous year
同业拆借(放) inter-bank borrowing(lending)
同业拆借市场利率(中国) CHIBOR(China inter-bank offered rate)
同业融通票据 inter-bank financing bills
同业往来 inter-bank transactions
透支 overdraft
退税 tax refund(rebate)
头寸 position
吞吐基础货币 adjustment of monetary base
脱媒现象 disintermediation
W
外部审计 external audit
外国直接投资 foreign direct investment (FDI)
外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves
外汇调剂 foreign exchange swap
外汇占款 the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings
外向型经济 export-oriented economy
外债 external debt
外资企业 foreign-funded enterprises
完善现代企业制度 to improve the modern enterprise system
完税凭证 tax payment documentation
违法经营 illegal business
委托存款 entrusted deposits
稳步增长 steady growth
稳健的银行系统 a sound banking system
稳中求进 to make progress while ensuring stability
无纸交易 book-entry(or paperless/***less)transaction
物价监测 price monitoring
X
吸纳流动性 to absorb liquidity
稀缺经济 scarcity economy
洗钱 money laundering
系统内调度 fund allocation within a bank
系统性金融危机 systemic financial crisis
下岗工人 laid-off employees
下游企业 down-stream enterprises
现场稽核 on-site examination
现金滞留(居民手中) cash held outside the banking system
乡镇企业 township and village enterprises(TVEs)
消费物价指数 consumer price index(CPI)
消费税 excise(consumption)tax
消灭财政赤字 to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit
销货款回笼 reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system
销售平淡 lackluster sales
协议外资金额 committed amount of foreign investment
新经济增长点 new sources of economic growth
新开工项目 new projects;newly started projects
新增贷款 incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion
新增就业位置 new jobs;new job opportunities
信贷规模考核 review the compliance with credit ceilings
信号失真 distorted signals
信托投资公司 trust and investment companies
信息不对称 information asymmetry
信息反馈 feedback(information)
信息共享系统 information sharing system
信息披露 information disclosure
信用扩张 credir expansion
信用评级 credit rating
姓“资”还是姓“社” pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist orcaptialist
行政措施 administrative measures
需求膨胀 demand expansion; excessive demand
虚伪存款 window-dressing deposits
削减冗员 to shed excess labor force
寻租 rent seeking
迅速反弹 quick rebound
Y
养老基金 pension fund
一刀切 universal application;non-discretionary implementation
一级市场 primary market
应收未收利息 overdue interest
银行网点 banking outlets
赢利能力 profitability
营业税 business tax
硬贷款(商业贷款) commercial loans
用地审批 to grant land use right
有管理的浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate
证券投资 portfolio investment
游资(热钱) hot money
有市场的产品 marketable products
有效供给 effective supply
诱发新一轮经济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion
逾期贷款 overdue loans;past-due loans
与国际惯例接轨 to become compatible with internationally accepted
与国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market
预算外支出(收入) off-budget (extra-budgetary) expenditure(revenue)
预调 pre-emptive adjustment
月环比 on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basis www.6park.com
Z
再贷款 central bank lending
在国际金融机构储备头寸 reserve position in international financial institutions
在人行存款 deposits at (with) the central bank
在途资金 fund in float
增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture
增势减缓 deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum
增收节支措施 revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures
增长平稳 steady growth
增值税 value-added tax(VAT)
涨幅偏高 higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth
账外账 concealed accounts
折旧 depreciation
整顿 retrenchment;consolidation
政策工具 policy instrument
政策性业务 policy-related operations
政策性银行 policy banks
政策组合 policy mix
政府干预 government intervention
证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions
证券业务占款 funding of securities purchase
支付困难 payment difficulty
支付能力 payment capacity
直接调控方式向 to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments
间接调控方式转变职能转换 transformation of functions
职业道德 professional ethics
指令性措施 mandatory measures
指令性计划 mandatory plan;administered plan
制定和实施货币政策 to conduct monetary policy;to formulate and implement monetary policy
滞后影响 lagged effect
中介机构 intermediaries
中央与地方财政 delineation of fiscal responsibilities
分灶吃饭重点建设 key construction projects;key investment project
周期谷底 bottom(trough)of business cycle
周转速度 velocity
主办银行 main bank
主权风险 sovereign risk
注册资本 registered capital
逐步到位 to phase in;phased implementation
逐步取消 to phase out
抓大放小 to seize the big and free the small(to maintain close oversight on the large state-ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition)
专款专用 use of funds as ear-marked
转贷 on-lending
转轨经济 transition economy
转机 turnaround
转折关头 turning point
准财政赤字 quasi-fiscal deficit
准货币 quasi-money
资本不足 under-capitalized
资本充足率 capital adequacy ratio
资本利润率 return on capital
资本账户可兑换 capital account convertibility
资不抵债 insolvent;insolvency
资产负债表 balance sheet
资产负债率 liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets
资产集中 asset concentration
资产贡献率 asset contribution factor
资产利润率 return on assets (ROA)
资产质量 asset quality
资产组合 asset portfolio
资金成本 cost of funding;cost of capital;financing cost
资金到位 fully funded (project)
资金宽裕 to have sufficient funds
资金利用率 fund utilization rate
资金缺口 financing gap
资金体外循环 financial disintermediation
资金占压 funds tied up
自筹投资项目 self-financed projects
自有资金 equity fund
综合国力 overall national strength(often measured by GDP)
综合效益指标 overall efficiency indicator
综合治理 comprehensive adjustment(retrenchment);over-haul
总成交额 total contract value
总交易量 total amount of transactions
总成本 total cost
最后贷款人 lender of last resort