法律英语每日一句No.45：successor in title，vest in
英文选自英国公司章程，提供翻译并解析，不吝赐教^^
successor in title，vest in在法律上是什么意思？重大资产比例是多少？母公司=控股公司吗？
请翻译
“Investor Group” in relation to each Investor:
(a) the Investor or any subsidiary or holding company of the Investor or subsidiary of a holding company of the Investor (each a “Relevant Person”); or
...
(f) any person or firm, authority or organisation (whether or not incorporated) which is the successor in title to, or in whom is vested, or by whom responsibility is assumed for the whole or a substantial part of the functions, assets and liabilities of a Relevant Person; or
参考译文
“投资者集团”就每一位投资者而言：
（a）是该投资者或该投资者的任何子公司或控股公司或该投资者的控股公司的子公司（每一方均称为“相关方”）；或
...
（f）是作为相关方的全部或重大职能、资产和债务的权利继受人或归属人或义务人的任何人或公司、机构或组织（不管是否为法人）；或
解析
1、（A）any person or firm, authority or organisation (whether or not incorporated) which is （1）the successor in title to, （2）or in whom is vested, or （3）by whom responsibility is assumed for / （B）the whole or a substantial part of the functions, assets and liabilities of a Relevant Person; or
这句话就是A与B之间的三种关系：
（1）the successor in title to B A是B的权利继受人；
（2）in whom is vested B=B is vested in A
即A是B的归属人
（Lexisnexis 英汉法律词典）Where an interest is certain to come to person A, the interest is said to have vested in A, even if A is not entitled to possession until a future time.
（3）by whom responsibility is assumed for B
=responsibility for B assumed by A
=A assumes responsiblity for B
即A是B的义务人（利益主体中承担义务的一方）
2、incorporate 成立法人/公司
body corporate=corporate body=corporation 公司，法人，法团
company、corporation在美国公司法和英国公司法中是有很大区别的，这里就不展开了。
3、Substantial assets究竟是多少？（资料来自Companies Act 2006）
191(2) An asset is a substantial asset in relation to a company if its value—
(a) exceeds 10% of the company’s asset value and is more than £5,000, or
(b) exceeds £100,000.
而中国上市公司的重大资产比例是高于50%，以下资料来自《上市公司重大资产重组管理办法》
第十二条 上市公司及其控股或者控制的公司购买、出售资产，达到下列标准之一的，构成重大资产重组：
（一）购买、出售的资产总额占上市公司最近一个会计年度经审计的合并财务会计报告期末资产总额的比例达到50%以上；
（二）购买、出售的资产在最近一个会计年度所产生的营业收入占上市公司同期经审计的合并财务会计报告营业收入的比例达到50%以上；
（三）购买、出售的资产净额占上市公司最近一个会计年度经审计的合并财务会计报告期末净资产额的比例达到50%以上，且超过5000万元人民币。
4、母公司=控股公司吗？（资料来自Investopedia）
A parent company is a larger corporation that has significant ownership over a subsidiary or group of subsidiaries. These partially or wholly-owned smaller companies are controlled by the parent, to varying degrees; however, all parent companies, for the most part, own more than 50% of a subsidiary's voting stock.
Parent companies can either be conglomerates or holding companies. A conglomerate, such as General Electric, is a huge company with its own business venture that also owns other companies with their own business ventures. A holding company, on the other hand, is put in place specifically to own a group of subsidiaries and does not conduct its own business operations. Holding companies normally form to realize tax advantages among a connected group of smaller companies.
Companies can become parent companies by many different means. The two most common ways are through the acquisitions of smaller companies and the spinoff（分立） or creation of subsidiaries. For the purposes of accounting, parent companies report results of subsidiaries on audited statements when subsidiaries fall under the same corporate identity.
5、子公司/控股公司的定义（资料来自Companies Act 2006）
A company is a “subsidiary” of another company, its “holding company”, if that other company—
(a) holds a majority of the voting rights in it, or
(b) is a member（股东） of it and has the right to appoint or remove a majority of its board of directors, or
(c) is a member of it and controls alone, pursuant to an agreement with other members, a majority of the voting rights in it, or if it is a subsidiary of a company that is itself a subsidiary of that other company.
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successor in title，vest in在法律上是什么意思？重大资产比例是多少？母公司=控股公司吗？
 |
请翻译
“Investor Group” in relation to each Investor:
(a) the Investor or any subsidiary or holding company of the Investor or subsidiary of a holding company of the Investor (each a “Relevant Person”); or
...
(f) any person or firm, authority or organisation (whether or not incorporated) which is the successor in title to, or in whom is vested, or by whom responsibility is assumed for the whole or a substantial part of the functions, assets and liabilities of a Relevant Person; or
参考译文
“投资者集团”就每一位投资者而言：
（a）是该投资者或该投资者的任何子公司或控股公司或该投资者的控股公司的子公司（每一方均称为“相关方”）；或
...
（f）是作为相关方的全部或重大职能、资产和债务的权利继受人或归属人或义务人的任何人或公司、机构或组织（不管是否为法人）；或
解析
1、（A）any person or firm, authority or organisation (whether or not incorporated) which is （1）the successor in title to, （2）or in whom is vested, or （3）by whom responsibility is assumed for / （B）the whole or a substantial part of the functions, assets and liabilities of a Relevant Person; or
这句话就是A与B之间的三种关系：
（1）the successor in title to B A是B的权利继受人；
（2）in whom is vested B=B is vested in A
即A是B的归属人
（Lexisnexis 英汉法律词典）Where an interest is certain to come to person A, the interest is said to have vested in A, even if A is not entitled to possession until a future time.
（3）by whom responsibility is assumed for B
=responsibility for B assumed by A
=A assumes responsiblity for B
即A是B的义务人（利益主体中承担义务的一方）
2、incorporate 成立法人/公司
body corporate=corporate body=corporation 公司，法人，法团
company、corporation在美国公司法和英国公司法中是有很大区别的，这里就不展开了。
3、Substantial assets究竟是多少？（资料来自Companies Act 2006）
191(2) An asset is a substantial asset in relation to a company if its value—
(a) exceeds 10% of the company’s asset value and is more than £5,000, or
(b) exceeds £100,000.
而中国上市公司的重大资产比例是高于50%，以下资料来自《上市公司重大资产重组管理办法》
第十二条 上市公司及其控股或者控制的公司购买、出售资产，达到下列标准之一的，构成重大资产重组：
（一）购买、出售的资产总额占上市公司最近一个会计年度经审计的合并财务会计报告期末资产总额的比例达到50%以上；
（二）购买、出售的资产在最近一个会计年度所产生的营业收入占上市公司同期经审计的合并财务会计报告营业收入的比例达到50%以上；
（三）购买、出售的资产净额占上市公司最近一个会计年度经审计的合并财务会计报告期末净资产额的比例达到50%以上，且超过5000万元人民币。
4、母公司=控股公司吗？（资料来自Investopedia）
A parent company is a larger corporation that has significant ownership over a subsidiary or group of subsidiaries. These partially or wholly-owned smaller companies are controlled by the parent, to varying degrees; however, all parent companies, for the most part, own more than 50% of a subsidiary's voting stock.
Parent companies can either be conglomerates or holding companies. A conglomerate, such as General Electric, is a huge company with its own business venture that also owns other companies with their own business ventures. A holding company, on the other hand, is put in place specifically to own a group of subsidiaries and does not conduct its own business operations. Holding companies normally form to realize tax advantages among a connected group of smaller companies.
Companies can become parent companies by many different means. The two most common ways are through the acquisitions of smaller companies and the spinoff（分立） or creation of subsidiaries. For the purposes of accounting, parent companies report results of subsidiaries on audited statements when subsidiaries fall under the same corporate identity.
5、子公司/控股公司的定义（资料来自Companies Act 2006）
A company is a “subsidiary” of another company, its “holding company”, if that other company—
(a) holds a majority of the voting rights in it, or
(b) is a member（股东） of it and has the right to appoint or remove a majority of its board of directors, or
(c) is a member of it and controls alone, pursuant to an agreement with other members, a majority of the voting rights in it, or if it is a subsidiary of a company that is itself a subsidiary of that other company.
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紫风法律金融翻译
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