永别了,读者——英国《卫报》主编艾伦·拉斯布里杰离职时都说了什么?
永别了,读者
——英国《卫报》主编艾伦·拉斯布里杰离职时都说了什么?
原标题:‘Farewell, readers’: Alan Rusbridger on leaving the Guardian after two decades at the helm
译者:冬晓Daisy(如需转载,请与译者本人联系 lidongxiao@cri.com.cn)
【晓前言】新闻史上不乏有一战成名的例子,比如说《纽约时报》和CBS对越战的报道,《华盛顿邮报》对“水门事件”的揭露,半岛电视台对“阿拉伯之春”的关注,但是像《卫报》这样一而再、再而三地吸引全球目光的媒体并不多见。
2009年,《卫报》的一篇报道让全世界知道了《世界新闻报》的“窃听门”事件,并让传媒大亨默多克接受质询,度过其“一生中最卑微的一天”;2010年《卫报》公布了维基解密网站关于阿富汗战争的92000份美军军事机密文件,成为全球头条;2014年,又是《卫报》首次披露了“棱镜门”事件,爱德华·斯诺登的故事和他掌握的核心机密不仅震惊了世界,也为这家以严肃、可信、自由著称的英国媒体带来了一项普利策奖的殊荣。
《卫报》的成功不仅止于新闻领域,在媒体转型和商业模式方面的成功也让业界同行为之侧目:2015年,一直高举变革大旗的《卫报》击败了多年的竞争对手——《纽约时报》,成为全球第二大最受欢迎的英语报刊网站。而且在纸媒大面积衰退甚至破产的时候,《卫报》账面上依然留有十几亿英镑!
这些成绩的取得,正是其前任掌门人艾伦·拉斯布里杰在《卫报》20年来令人津津乐道的地方。2015年5月29日,艾伦·拉斯布里杰在《卫报》网站上发表了一篇《永别了,读者》的文章。在这篇文章里,他对于自己的职业生涯做了简单地梳理,逻辑严密,字句斟酌,实例与叙述部分相得益彰,处处闪耀着一位兼具专业经验、人文情怀和互联网思维的媒体人的思想光芒。出于对《卫报》长期的喜爱和对这位主编的尊敬,我翻译了艾伦·拉斯布里杰的这篇告别信。以下是原文译文,略有删减(括号内为译者自己加注的内容)。
【正文部分】
如果你正在读一份纸质的报纸——当然你没有(因为这篇文章是发表在《卫报》的网站上的),这将是我作为主编的最后一版。在过去的20年里我们把差不多7500份的报纸送到你们的床边(在过去,大家还是习惯在睡前阅读报纸),现在几乎没有人再这么说了。在24小时、无缝滚动的数字新闻流里,你们将迎来一位新主编。我将离开,而我的继任者Katharine Viner将成为《卫报》的掌舵人。
This, if you’re reading the physical paper – which, of course, you are not – is my last edition as editor. In just over 20 years we have put nearly 7,500 papers “to bed”, as almost no one says nowadays. At some point in the 24-hour, seamlessly rolling digital news cycle, you’ll have a new editor. I will have slipped away and my successor, Katharine Viner, will have materialised at the helm.
从1821年开始,《卫报》一共有10位主编——或者说11位,如果你们把Russell Scott Taylor,这位在19世纪40年代曾短暂接手《卫报》的18岁的继承者计算在内。其中最伟大的一位,CP Scott,曾经在这个炙手可热的位子上57年的时间(CP Scott在1921年曾写道,“评论是自由的,但事实是神圣的。”这句话一直被《卫报》奉为圭皋)。20年时间,或多或少,正好是个平均数。
Since 1821 there have been just 10 editors of the Guardian – or 11 if you count Russell Scott Taylor, the 18-year-old who helped edit for a brief period in the 1840s. The greatest of them, CP Scott, managed 57 years in the hot seat. Twenty years is, give or take, about the average.
1979年,当我加入这份报纸的时候,某种程度上《卫报》更像是一个家族企业。在某种意义上,它现在还是。我在《卫报》的开始也是7月的一个周一,我的前任是Nick Davies,他最后成为他所处的那个时代最好的记者之一。他的职业生涯将他引入调查性报道。从我来的那天起,《卫报》像是一次热水澡——一个自由思想和写作的神圣所在。
The paper I joined in 1979 felt in some ways like a family firm, and in a sense, it still is. I started on the same July Monday as Nick Davies, who went on to become one of the finest reporters of his generation. His career led him into investigations. From the day I arrived, the Guardian felt like a warm bath – a place of sanctuary for free thought and writing.
最初我坚定地认为自己是一个写作的人。让我去《卫报》哪怕只编辑只言片语都是绝对不会发生在我身上的事情。我甚至还曾经离开《卫报》去其他地方从事写作的工作。通过1992年的G2峰会开幕,我被切换到了一条不一样的新闻路径上,最后这条路引领我在1995年1月13日坐上了总编的位置。我太了解《卫报》的历史了,因此才会因为责任感而感到无比担心:千万,千万不要让我打碎手里的花瓶。(意思是新闻是易碎品)
And I was very firmly a writer: it never occurred to me that I would ever edit any bit of the Guardian, let alone be let loose on the whole thing. I even left at one point, to take my writing elsewhere. I had been diverted down a different journalistic path – one that would lead me, via the launch of G2 in 1992, to take over the editor’s chair on 13 January 1995. I knew enough of the Guardian’s history to feel utterly overawed by the responsibility. Please, please let me not drop the vase.
但是,《卫报》当然比任何一任总编更重要。在我刚起步之后,一位同行带我去吃了一顿充满善意的午餐,安抚我说:“如果我休息一天,仍然有6位主编助理在工作,他们对”我们的报纸应该是什么样的”这个问题看法各异。如果你休息一天,卫报大楼自己都可以出品《卫报》。”
But, of course, the Guardian is much bigger than any one editor. A rival kindly took me out to lunch soon after I started and reassured me: “If I take a day off, there are six assistant editors who have a completely different view of what my paper should be. If you take the day off, the building itself would produce the Guardian.”
他是正确的。通过文化浸染、所有权和警惕的读者三者的结合,在关于“《卫报》是什么”这个问题上确实存在有一个强大到让人觉得不可思议的共同看法。即便是这份工作本身也对每一代人重新解读着自己:要保持始终如一的精神。
He was right. There is – through a combination of cultural osmosis, ownership and watchful readers – an incredibly strong shared idea of what the Guardian is, even if the job is to reinterpret it for each generation, “in the same spirit as heretofore”.
20年前新闻最适合的媒介是文字和图片(图片是近期的事情,而且仍然是黑白照片)。新闻故事就是用文字和图片来讲述的。那个时代的节奏是由一个重要的时间节点:大概在晚上9点30分来决定的。我们知道纸张、墨、印刷和发行的成本,可以相对地制定广告和报纸本身的价格。读者绝大部分都是在英国。如果他们想保持联系,他们会通过电话或信件。这是一个已知的世界。
Stories were told in words and (more recently) pictures – still black and white, the “proper” medium for news 20 years ago. The rhythm of the day built up to one main deadline, around 9.30pm. We knew the cost of paper, ink, printing and distribution, and could flex the price of advertising, and of the newspaper itself. The readership was overwhelmingly in the UK, and if they ever wanted to get in touch, they did so by phone or letter. It was a world of known knowns.
20年后,我们游弋于一个未知的世界。我们仍然通过文本和图片来讲故事,但是文字可能会以直播博客的形式成为故事本身。我们已经学会了在使用静态图片的同时使用动态图片。我们用音频、交互、数据、图表或者使用以上所说的所有形式工作。我们在多渠道、多平台、多终端上分发新闻,包括实时讨论和辩论。我们在iwatch上,我们在睡觉前浏览的Facebook上,我们甚至仍然在街角的商店里。
Twenty years later, we swim in unknown unknowns. We still tell stories in text and pictures, but the words are as likely to be in the form of live blogs as stories. We have learned to use moving pictures as well as stills. We work in audio, interactives, data, graphics and any combination of the above. We distribute our journalism across multiple channels, platforms and devices, including live discussion and debate. We’re on the iWatch; we’re in bed with Facebook; we’re still in the corner shop.
现在我们有2/3的读者在海外,我们还在无间断地出版。事实上,我们所有的读者现在可以自己成为出版人,可以像我们一样互相联系或者联系任何人。他们以一种15年前不可想象的方式对《卫报》做出贡献。(Alan Rusbridger曾说,全媒的第一步是记者要认识到,自己不是这个世界上唯一专家,因此,卫报提倡的就是“开放”即open news:用户互动所创造的信息是有价值的。这个观点直到现在依然适用。)
Two thirds of our readership is now outside of the UK: we publish continuously. Virtually all our readers can themselves now be publishers and can connect with one another, and anyone else, as well as us. They contribute to the Guardian in ways that were unimaginable even 15 years ago.
最重要的是,我们仍然出品一份报纸。或者更确切地说,两份,包括《观察家》,一份比《卫报》还要年长30岁的报纸,现在仍然在John Mulholland的执掌下健康地活着。
On top of all that, we still produce a newspaper. Or, more precisely, two. The Observer, 30 years older than the Guardian, is in really good health under John Mulholland.
我们现在在做的商业模式依然在婴儿时期。20年前,没有人会问一家报纸的主编:你们的商业模式是什么?现在,这个问题成为最先要考虑的问题之一。当然,即便和以往任何时期相比,《卫报》目前的财务状况非常安全,它也不能超脱于它的同行正在进行的努力:寻找一个可持续发展的基础。(艾伦·拉斯布里杰在一次采访时说:我想新主编走马上任的时候,发现银行里有十几亿,应该感觉很不错吧。在他的努力下,《卫报》网络版上个财年的收入已经超过八千万英镑)
The economic model of what we now do is still in its infancy. Twenty years ago, no one asked a newspaper editor about their business model. Now it’s one of the first questions. And, of course, the Guardian – though extremely financially secure today compared with many periods in its past – is no more immune than any of its rivals to the need to find a sustainable basis for what it does.
一些出版商已经做出了为他们的数字化内容来建立“付费墙”。《卫报》和伦敦的《泰晤士报》分别代表了极端分化的两极。后者今天宣称他们每天的网络受众数量大概在281000人。今年4月份,《卫报》一天的独立访问量已经超过700万人次。在同样的计算基础之上,我们失去(或者投资)了相同数量的钱。你必须回溯到10年或20年前才能知道谁对未来的判断更准确。但是作为英国第八大报纸,《卫报》正在和《纽约时报》竞争成为世界上最大的、英文的严肃类报纸网站。
Some publishers have decided to erect walls around their digital content and insist on payment. The polar opposites are represented by the Guardian and the Times of London, the latter of which today claims a daily digital audience of around 281,000. In April the Guardian was read by more than 7 million unique browsers a day. On an equal accounting basis, we’re losing (or investing) about the same amount of money. You’ll have to come back in 10 or even 20 years time to find out who judged the future best. But the Guardian – still the eighth-biggest newspaper in the UK – is now vying with the New York Times for the mantle of largest serious English-language newspaper website in the world.
(未完待续)
在此部分的最后,放一个2012年《卫报》的获奖广告——《三只小猪》的故事。在这个广告里,阐释了Alan Rusbridger关于开放式新闻即open news的理念,也展示了《卫报》全媒体、多平台、多终端的新闻分发实力。
《卫报》获奖广告:《三只小猪的故事》
——英国《卫报》主编艾伦·拉斯布里杰离职时都说了什么?
原标题:‘Farewell, readers’: Alan Rusbridger on leaving the Guardian after two decades at the helm
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译者:冬晓Daisy(如需转载,请与译者本人联系 lidongxiao@cri.com.cn)
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【晓前言】新闻史上不乏有一战成名的例子,比如说《纽约时报》和CBS对越战的报道,《华盛顿邮报》对“水门事件”的揭露,半岛电视台对“阿拉伯之春”的关注,但是像《卫报》这样一而再、再而三地吸引全球目光的媒体并不多见。
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传媒大亨默多克因窃听丑闻在全英登报致歉 |
2009年,《卫报》的一篇报道让全世界知道了《世界新闻报》的“窃听门”事件,并让传媒大亨默多克接受质询,度过其“一生中最卑微的一天”;2010年《卫报》公布了维基解密网站关于阿富汗战争的92000份美军军事机密文件,成为全球头条;2014年,又是《卫报》首次披露了“棱镜门”事件,爱德华·斯诺登的故事和他掌握的核心机密不仅震惊了世界,也为这家以严肃、可信、自由著称的英国媒体带来了一项普利策奖的殊荣。
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维基解密创始人阿桑奇和《卫报》一直保持合作关系 |
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斯诺登看中的正是《卫报》长期秉持的对国际问题的“独立态度” |
《卫报》的成功不仅止于新闻领域,在媒体转型和商业模式方面的成功也让业界同行为之侧目:2015年,一直高举变革大旗的《卫报》击败了多年的竞争对手——《纽约时报》,成为全球第二大最受欢迎的英语报刊网站。而且在纸媒大面积衰退甚至破产的时候,《卫报》账面上依然留有十几亿英镑!
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刚刚成为《卫报》主编的艾伦·拉斯布里杰 |
这些成绩的取得,正是其前任掌门人艾伦·拉斯布里杰在《卫报》20年来令人津津乐道的地方。2015年5月29日,艾伦·拉斯布里杰在《卫报》网站上发表了一篇《永别了,读者》的文章。在这篇文章里,他对于自己的职业生涯做了简单地梳理,逻辑严密,字句斟酌,实例与叙述部分相得益彰,处处闪耀着一位兼具专业经验、人文情怀和互联网思维的媒体人的思想光芒。出于对《卫报》长期的喜爱和对这位主编的尊敬,我翻译了艾伦·拉斯布里杰的这篇告别信。以下是原文译文,略有删减(括号内为译者自己加注的内容)。
【正文部分】
如果你正在读一份纸质的报纸——当然你没有(因为这篇文章是发表在《卫报》的网站上的),这将是我作为主编的最后一版。在过去的20年里我们把差不多7500份的报纸送到你们的床边(在过去,大家还是习惯在睡前阅读报纸),现在几乎没有人再这么说了。在24小时、无缝滚动的数字新闻流里,你们将迎来一位新主编。我将离开,而我的继任者Katharine Viner将成为《卫报》的掌舵人。
This, if you’re reading the physical paper – which, of course, you are not – is my last edition as editor. In just over 20 years we have put nearly 7,500 papers “to bed”, as almost no one says nowadays. At some point in the 24-hour, seamlessly rolling digital news cycle, you’ll have a new editor. I will have slipped away and my successor, Katharine Viner, will have materialised at the helm.
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创办时候的《卫报》,当时叫做《曼彻斯特卫报》 |
从1821年开始,《卫报》一共有10位主编——或者说11位,如果你们把Russell Scott Taylor,这位在19世纪40年代曾短暂接手《卫报》的18岁的继承者计算在内。其中最伟大的一位,CP Scott,曾经在这个炙手可热的位子上57年的时间(CP Scott在1921年曾写道,“评论是自由的,但事实是神圣的。”这句话一直被《卫报》奉为圭皋)。20年时间,或多或少,正好是个平均数。
Since 1821 there have been just 10 editors of the Guardian – or 11 if you count Russell Scott Taylor, the 18-year-old who helped edit for a brief period in the 1840s. The greatest of them, CP Scott, managed 57 years in the hot seat. Twenty years is, give or take, about the average.
1979年,当我加入这份报纸的时候,某种程度上《卫报》更像是一个家族企业。在某种意义上,它现在还是。我在《卫报》的开始也是7月的一个周一,我的前任是Nick Davies,他最后成为他所处的那个时代最好的记者之一。他的职业生涯将他引入调查性报道。从我来的那天起,《卫报》像是一次热水澡——一个自由思想和写作的神圣所在。
The paper I joined in 1979 felt in some ways like a family firm, and in a sense, it still is. I started on the same July Monday as Nick Davies, who went on to become one of the finest reporters of his generation. His career led him into investigations. From the day I arrived, the Guardian felt like a warm bath – a place of sanctuary for free thought and writing.
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《卫报》主要读者为政界人士、白领、和知识分子 |
最初我坚定地认为自己是一个写作的人。让我去《卫报》哪怕只编辑只言片语都是绝对不会发生在我身上的事情。我甚至还曾经离开《卫报》去其他地方从事写作的工作。通过1992年的G2峰会开幕,我被切换到了一条不一样的新闻路径上,最后这条路引领我在1995年1月13日坐上了总编的位置。我太了解《卫报》的历史了,因此才会因为责任感而感到无比担心:千万,千万不要让我打碎手里的花瓶。(意思是新闻是易碎品)
And I was very firmly a writer: it never occurred to me that I would ever edit any bit of the Guardian, let alone be let loose on the whole thing. I even left at one point, to take my writing elsewhere. I had been diverted down a different journalistic path – one that would lead me, via the launch of G2 in 1992, to take over the editor’s chair on 13 January 1995. I knew enough of the Guardian’s history to feel utterly overawed by the responsibility. Please, please let me not drop the vase.
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但是,《卫报》当然比任何一任总编更重要。在我刚起步之后,一位同行带我去吃了一顿充满善意的午餐,安抚我说:“如果我休息一天,仍然有6位主编助理在工作,他们对”我们的报纸应该是什么样的”这个问题看法各异。如果你休息一天,卫报大楼自己都可以出品《卫报》。”
But, of course, the Guardian is much bigger than any one editor. A rival kindly took me out to lunch soon after I started and reassured me: “If I take a day off, there are six assistant editors who have a completely different view of what my paper should be. If you take the day off, the building itself would produce the Guardian.”
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一位行人走过位于伦敦市中心的《卫报》总部大楼 |
他是正确的。通过文化浸染、所有权和警惕的读者三者的结合,在关于“《卫报》是什么”这个问题上确实存在有一个强大到让人觉得不可思议的共同看法。即便是这份工作本身也对每一代人重新解读着自己:要保持始终如一的精神。
He was right. There is – through a combination of cultural osmosis, ownership and watchful readers – an incredibly strong shared idea of what the Guardian is, even if the job is to reinterpret it for each generation, “in the same spirit as heretofore”.
20年前新闻最适合的媒介是文字和图片(图片是近期的事情,而且仍然是黑白照片)。新闻故事就是用文字和图片来讲述的。那个时代的节奏是由一个重要的时间节点:大概在晚上9点30分来决定的。我们知道纸张、墨、印刷和发行的成本,可以相对地制定广告和报纸本身的价格。读者绝大部分都是在英国。如果他们想保持联系,他们会通过电话或信件。这是一个已知的世界。
Stories were told in words and (more recently) pictures – still black and white, the “proper” medium for news 20 years ago. The rhythm of the day built up to one main deadline, around 9.30pm. We knew the cost of paper, ink, printing and distribution, and could flex the price of advertising, and of the newspaper itself. The readership was overwhelmingly in the UK, and if they ever wanted to get in touch, they did so by phone or letter. It was a world of known knowns.
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已知世界时的《观察家》报,《卫报》的姊妹报 |
20年后,我们游弋于一个未知的世界。我们仍然通过文本和图片来讲故事,但是文字可能会以直播博客的形式成为故事本身。我们已经学会了在使用静态图片的同时使用动态图片。我们用音频、交互、数据、图表或者使用以上所说的所有形式工作。我们在多渠道、多平台、多终端上分发新闻,包括实时讨论和辩论。我们在iwatch上,我们在睡觉前浏览的Facebook上,我们甚至仍然在街角的商店里。
Twenty years later, we swim in unknown unknowns. We still tell stories in text and pictures, but the words are as likely to be in the form of live blogs as stories. We have learned to use moving pictures as well as stills. We work in audio, interactives, data, graphics and any combination of the above. We distribute our journalism across multiple channels, platforms and devices, including live discussion and debate. We’re on the iWatch; we’re in bed with Facebook; we’re still in the corner shop.
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时至今日,在伦敦街头仍然可以看到有《卫报》统一标识的报摊 |
现在我们有2/3的读者在海外,我们还在无间断地出版。事实上,我们所有的读者现在可以自己成为出版人,可以像我们一样互相联系或者联系任何人。他们以一种15年前不可想象的方式对《卫报》做出贡献。(Alan Rusbridger曾说,全媒的第一步是记者要认识到,自己不是这个世界上唯一专家,因此,卫报提倡的就是“开放”即open news:用户互动所创造的信息是有价值的。这个观点直到现在依然适用。)
Two thirds of our readership is now outside of the UK: we publish continuously. Virtually all our readers can themselves now be publishers and can connect with one another, and anyone else, as well as us. They contribute to the Guardian in ways that were unimaginable even 15 years ago.
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在《卫报》的广告中,曾对open news的理念进行完美阐释 |
最重要的是,我们仍然出品一份报纸。或者更确切地说,两份,包括《观察家》,一份比《卫报》还要年长30岁的报纸,现在仍然在John Mulholland的执掌下健康地活着。
On top of all that, we still produce a newspaper. Or, more precisely, two. The Observer, 30 years older than the Guardian, is in really good health under John Mulholland.
我们现在在做的商业模式依然在婴儿时期。20年前,没有人会问一家报纸的主编:你们的商业模式是什么?现在,这个问题成为最先要考虑的问题之一。当然,即便和以往任何时期相比,《卫报》目前的财务状况非常安全,它也不能超脱于它的同行正在进行的努力:寻找一个可持续发展的基础。(艾伦·拉斯布里杰在一次采访时说:我想新主编走马上任的时候,发现银行里有十几亿,应该感觉很不错吧。在他的努力下,《卫报》网络版上个财年的收入已经超过八千万英镑)
The economic model of what we now do is still in its infancy. Twenty years ago, no one asked a newspaper editor about their business model. Now it’s one of the first questions. And, of course, the Guardian – though extremely financially secure today compared with many periods in its past – is no more immune than any of its rivals to the need to find a sustainable basis for what it does.
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《卫报》网站的风格化非常明显 |
一些出版商已经做出了为他们的数字化内容来建立“付费墙”。《卫报》和伦敦的《泰晤士报》分别代表了极端分化的两极。后者今天宣称他们每天的网络受众数量大概在281000人。今年4月份,《卫报》一天的独立访问量已经超过700万人次。在同样的计算基础之上,我们失去(或者投资)了相同数量的钱。你必须回溯到10年或20年前才能知道谁对未来的判断更准确。但是作为英国第八大报纸,《卫报》正在和《纽约时报》竞争成为世界上最大的、英文的严肃类报纸网站。
Some publishers have decided to erect walls around their digital content and insist on payment. The polar opposites are represented by the Guardian and the Times of London, the latter of which today claims a daily digital audience of around 281,000. In April the Guardian was read by more than 7 million unique browsers a day. On an equal accounting basis, we’re losing (or investing) about the same amount of money. You’ll have to come back in 10 or even 20 years time to find out who judged the future best. But the Guardian – still the eighth-biggest newspaper in the UK – is now vying with the New York Times for the mantle of largest serious English-language newspaper website in the world.
(未完待续)
在此部分的最后,放一个2012年《卫报》的获奖广告——《三只小猪》的故事。在这个广告里,阐释了Alan Rusbridger关于开放式新闻即open news的理念,也展示了《卫报》全媒体、多平台、多终端的新闻分发实力。
《卫报》获奖广告:《三只小猪的故事》