。。。
4、心脏[Heart]
·用手掌（指尖）触诊心尖搏动[palpate apical area with palm numbness (fingertips)]
·心前区隆起（凹陷）[precordial bulge (retraction)]
·搏动弥漫（局限）[diffuse (local) pulsation]
·负性搏动[inward inpulse]
·心尖搏动[apex beat (apical impulse)]
·剑突下搏动[xiphoideusal pulsaton]
·抬举性心尖搏动[heaving apex impulse]
·心尖搏动最强点[point of maximal impulse (PMI)]
·锁骨中线[mid-calvicular line (MCL)]
·肋间[intercostal space (ICS)]
·收缩（舒张）期震颤[systolic (diastolic) thrill]
·心浊音界[the border of cardiac dullnes]
·心绝对（相对）浊音界扩大（缩小）[enlarged (diminished) absolute (relative) cardiac dullness]
·叩诊心脏大小正常[heart size is normal on (to) percussion]
·心脏向左（右）扩大[cardiac dilation (enlargement) to the left (right)]
·第1（2、3、4）心音[S1(S2,S3,S4)]
·第1心音增强（减弱，听不清）[first heart sound is exaggerate (decreased, muffled)]
·生（病）理性杂音（分裂）[physiologic (pathological) murmur (splitting)]
·生理性（固定、反常、逆）分裂[physiologic (fixed, paradoxical, reversed) splitting]
·肺动脉瓣第2心音>(=，<)主动脉瓣第2心音[P2>(=，<)A2]
·大炮音[connon sound]
·心音消失[heart sound is absent (disapeared)]
·心音增强（减弱）[accentuated (diminished) cardiac sound]
·心音响亮（遥远）[cardiac sound is loud (distant)]
·收缩期（舒张期，连续性）杂音[systolic (diastolic, continuous) murmur]
·收缩（舒张）前（中、晚）期杂音[pre-(mid-, post) systolic (diastolic) murmur]
·全收缩期的[holosystolic(pansystolic)]
·全舒张期的[holodiastolic (pandiastolic)]
·低（高）音调[low (high) pitched]
·递减（递增，递减-递增）性杂音[decrescendo (crescendo, decrescendo-crescendo)murmur]
·呈喷射型[be ejection in type]
·Ⅳ级喷射型收缩期杂音[grade Ⅳ(I-Ⅳ/6) systolic ejection murmur]
·吹风样杂音[murmur of puffing character]
·低音调隆隆样[low-pitched rumbling quality]
·柔和（粗糙）的[soft (harsh or rough)]
·吹风样（喷射性、隆隆样、沙沙声样、搔抓声样、机器声样、汽笛声样、倒水声样）杂音[blowing (ejection, rumbling, rustting, scratching, machinary, whistling, pouring )murmur]
·功能性（器质性）杂音[functional (organic) murmur]
·血管（静脉）杂音[vascular (venous) murmur]
·枪击音[pistol shot sound]
·静脉营营音[venous hum]
·奔马律[gallop rhythm]
·胎心律[embryocardia]
·心律齐（不齐）[regular (irregular) rhythm]
·心律不齐[arrhythmia]
·二（三）联律[bigeminy (trigeminy)]
·早搏[premature (extrasystol)]
·喀嗽音[click]
·钟摆律[pendular rhythm]
·二尖瓣开瓣音[mitral opening snap]
·心包摩擦音[pericardial friction sound]
·听诊[on auscultation]
·二尖瓣（主瓣，肺瓣，三尖瓣）听诊区[mitral (aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid) valve area]
·心包叩击音[pericardial knock]
·肿瘤扑落音[tumor plop]
5、腹部[abdomen]
·腹（妊娠）纹[abdominal striae (striae gravidarum)]
·腹膨隆[abdominal distention (prominence)]
·腹平坦（凹陷）[abdominal flatness (retraction)]
·蛙状（球状、舟状）腹[frog(bulbous, scaphoid) belly (abdomen)]
·腹围增大[increased abdominal girth]
·肠型[intestinal pattern]
·梯形腹[ladder-shaped abdomen]
·胃（小肠）蠕动波[gastric (intestinal) peristaltic wave]
·静脉曲张[varicosity (dilated tortuous vein)]
·疤痕[scar]
·腹壁紧张（松驰）[guarding (abdominal muscular relaxation)]
·腹壁切口（创伤）[incision (wound) of abdominal wall]
·腹部分区[abdominal region]
·左（右）上（下）腹[left (right) upper (lower) quadrant]
·脐膨出[projection of the umbilicus]
·腹式呼吸[abdominal (diaphragmatic) breathing]
·腹壁松弛[lax abdominal wall]
·肝肿大[hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver)]
·脾肿大[splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen)]
·右肋下5厘米[5 cm below the right costal margin]
·肿块（肝）质硬[firm mass (liver)]
·莫菲氏征[murphy`s sigh]
·肌卫现象[muscle guarding (tension)]
·反跳痛[rebound tenderness]
·压痛点[tenderness point]
·剑突下压痛[tenderness beneath the xiphoid process]
·麦氏点压痛[McBurney`s point tenderness]
·腹肌强直（板状腹，板样强直）[rigor of abdominal muscle (wooden belly, board-like rigidity)]
·柔韧感[dough kneeding sensation]
·波动感[fluctuation]
·腹股沟疝[inguinofemoral hernia]
·腹壁反射[abdominal reflex]
·腹水征[sign of ascites]
·膀胱肿大[bladder expansion]
·膀胱区（脊肋角）压痛[tenderness of bladder region (costovertebral angle)]
·肾（肝）区叩击病[percussion tenderness on kidney (liver) region]
·移动性浊音[shifting dullness]
·鼓音[tympany(tampanitic resonance)]
·肝（脾）浊音区[hepatic (splenic)dullness area]
·肠鸣音正常（亢进、减弱、消失）[normal (hyperactive, diminished, absent) bowel sound]
·气过水声[gurgling]
·振水声[succusion (splashing) sound]
第九章 体检（神经、骨骼和肌肉）[Physical examination(nerve,skeleton and muscle)]
·痛（空间、触、视、震动、实体、立体、姿势、光、运动、味、温、色、平衡）[pain (space, tactil, visual, vibratory, strereognostic, proprioceptive, posture, light, kinesthetic, taste, thermic, color, equilibrium) sense]
·关节觉[arthresthesia]
·震动觉[seismesthesia]
·复合感觉[synaesthesia]
·听（位置，嗅）觉[sense of hearing (position, smell)]
·感觉异常（缺失，过敏，减退）[abnormal sensation (anesthesia, hyperesthesia, hypoesthesia)]
·半身感觉缺失[hemisensory defect]
·感觉迟钝（错乱）[dysesthesia (paresthesia)]
·感觉障碍（异常）[sensory disturbance (paraesthesia)]
·感觉正常[intact sensation (euesthesia)]
·痛觉过敏（减退）[hyperalgia (hypoalgia)]
·痛觉缺失[alganesthesia (analgesia)]
·嗅觉迟钝（减退，过敏）[amblyaphia (hypopselaphesia, hyperpselaphesia)]
·束带状感觉[girdle sensation]
·蚁走感[formication (creeping sensation)]
·瘫痪（偏瘫、单瘫、截瘫、四肢瘫）[paralysis (hemiplegia, monoplegia, 碍paraplegia, quadriplegia)]
·软（硬）瘫[soft (stiff) paralysis]
·周围（中枢）性瘫[peripheral (central) paralysis]
·轻瘫[paresis]
·交叉性（同向性）瘫[alternate (cojugate) paralysis]
·交叉瘫[crossed paralysis]
·痉挛性（弛缓性、癔病性、小儿）瘫（麻痹）[spastic (flaccid, hysterial, infantile) paralysis]
·重症肌无力[bulbospinal paralysis]
·扑翼样震颤[asterixis]
·手足搐搦[tetany]
·共济失调[ataxia]
·手足徐动症[athetosis]
·舞蹈样运动[choreiform movement (chorea)]
·肌颤[muscular fibrillation]
·肌阵挛[myoclonus]
·震颤麻痹[paralysis agitans (shaking palsy,Parkison`s disease)]
·颤动[tremor (twitch)]
·随意运动[voluntary movement]
·肌力正常（减退）[muscular power (myodynamia, myosthemic) is normal (decreased)]
·肌力消失[loss of power]
·左上肢肌力III度[3 degree in the left upper extrimity]
·肌无力[weakness of the muscle (amyosthenia, myasthenia)]
·肌张力减低[hypomyotonia (decreased muscular tone)]
· 痉挛性（强直性）肌张力增高[spastic (tonic) hypermyotonia (hypertonia of the muscle, increased muscular tone)]
·肌弛缓（肌张力缺失）[amyotonia]
·折刀现象[clasp knife]
·齿轮样强直[cogwheel rigidity]
·肌阵挛（痉挛）[muscular clonus (spasm)]
·摇摆（蹒跚、剪刀形、鸭走形、酒醉小脑病、摇曳、慌张）步态[swaying (reeling, scissors, waddling, drunken, cerebella, cow, festinating)gait]
·共济失调（共济运动，共济失调步态）[incoordination (coordinated movement, afaxic gait)]
·跛行步态（间歇性跛行）[claudication gait (intermittent claudication)]
·闭目难立试验（阳性，阴性）[Romberg`s sign (positive, negative)]
·摸空征[carphology]
·指鼻（指-指）试验[finger-nose(finger) test]
·轮替动作[alternate motion]
·跟膝胫试验[heel-knee-tibia test]
·生理（病理）反射[physiologic (pathologic) reflex]
·角膜（张口，结膜，咽，腭，眼睑，咳嗽，吞咽，对光，瞳孔）反射[corneal (gag, conjunctival, pharyngeal, palatal, lid, cough, deglutition, light, pupillary) reflex]
·腹壁反射[abdominal wall reflex]
·提睾（肛门）反射[cremasteric (anal) reflex]
·肱二（三）头肌反射[biceps (triceps) reflex]
·股二（四）头肌反射[biceps (quadricels) femories reflex]
·三角肌（伸肌）反射[deltoid (extensor) feflex]
·抓握（牵拉，吸吮，防御，条件）反射[grasp (stretch, sucking,protective, conditioned) reflex]
·跖（骨膜）反射[plantar (periosteal) reflex]
·跟腱反射[heel-tap (achilles tendon) reflex]
·拥抱反射[clasping (embrace, Moro`s) reflex]
·深（浅）反射[deep (superficial) reflex]
·压眶反射[reaction to pressure on the supraocular notch]
·桡骨膜反射[radioperiosteal reflex]
·膝（跟腱）反射[knee (achilles) jerk]
·反射活动协调[coordination of reflex action (activity)]
·反射亢进（减弱，消失）[hyperreflexia (hyporeflexia, areflexia)]
·亢进的[hypractive (increased, exaggerated)]
·减弱的[hypoactive (decreased, diminished)]
·消失的[absent (disappeared)]
·可疑的[questionable (equivocal)]
·跟（髌，趾，腕）阵挛[ankle (patella, toe, wrist) clonus]
·巴彬斯基（克尼格，奥本海姻，霍夫曼）征[Babinski (Kernig, Oppenheim, Hoffman) sign]
·拉塞格（布鲁金，戈登，查多克，岗达）征[Lasegue (Brudzinski, Gordon, Chaddock, Bonoda) sign]
·眼-心（竖毛）反射[oculo-cardiac (pilomotor) reflex]
·皮肤划痕征[dermographism]
·脑膜刺激征[sign of meningeal irritation]
·颈强直[stiff-neck]
·阳性（阴性）[postive (negative)]
·未引出[be not found (discovered, elicited)]
·失语（声）[aphasia (aphony)]
·言语缓慢（不清）[bradylalia (barylalia)]
·口吃（声嘶）[stuttering (hoarseness)]
·外展（内收）[abduction (adduction)]
·脊柱后（前，侧，前侧，后侧）凸[kyphosis (lordosis, scoliosis, lordoscoliosis, scoliokyphosis)]
·屈曲（前曲，背曲，腹侧屈曲）[flexion (anteflexion, dorsiflexion, ventriflexion)]
·旋转（旋前，旋后）[rotation (pronation, supination)]
·伸直（前弯，后弯，侧弯）[extension (forward bending, backward bending, lateral bending)]
·膝内（外）翻[genua varum (valgum)]
·髋内（外）翻[coxa vara (valga)]
·足内（外）翻[pes varus (valgus)]
·X（O）形腿[deformed X(O)-shaped leg]
·驼背[humpback (kyphosis, rachiocyphosis)]
·多（并）指[polydactylia (syndactyly)]
·关节僵硬[ankylosis (stiff-joint)]
·骨性强直[bony ankylosis]
·爪（扇）形手[claw (sector) hand]
·肢端肥大[acromegaly]
·杵状指[clubbing (clubbed finger)]
·跛行[limping]
·平足[flat foot (pes planus)]
·静脉曲张[varicose vein]
·静脉（蜂窝织）炎[phlebitis (cellulitis)]
·活动受限[limitation of motion]
·干（湿）性坏疽[dry (moist) gangrene]
·垂腕[wrist drop]
·梭形关节[fusiform articulus]
·浮髌现象[floating patella phenomenon]
·橡皮肿[elephantedema]
·肌萎缩[muscle atrophy]
·瘘管形成[sinus tract formation]
·蹼指（趾）[palmature and webbed toe]
·关节挛缩[contracture of joint]
·凹陷（非凹陷）性水肿[pitting (non-pitting) edema]
·关节变形（融合）[joint deformity (fusion)]
·关节全（半）脱位[complete dislocation (subluxation of joint)]
·关节肿大（肿胀）[arthrocele (arthroncus)]
·关节活动障碍[articular dyskinesia]
第十章 体检（泌尿生殖道与其他）[Physical examination(urology ,obstetrics and the others)]
·包皮过长（包茎）[prepuce redundant (phimosis)]
·包皮水肿[preputial edema]
·包皮嵌顿[paraphimosis]
·阴茎糜烂（疤疹，损伤，折断，溃疡，血肿）[erosion (herpes, injury, fracture, ulcer, hematoma) of penis]
·阴茎粗大（特小，缺如）[coarseness (hypersmall, absence) of penis]
·阴茎发育不全[agenesis of penis]
·阴茎软下疳（菜花样肿块）[chancroid (cauliflower like mass) of penis]
·阴茎异常勃起[styma]
·阴囊湿疹（水肿，血肿，肿大，橡皮肿，溃疡）[eczema (edema, hematoma, swelling, elephantiasis, ulcer) of scrotum]
·阴囊疝[scrotal hernia]
·腹股沟斜疝[indirect inguinal hernia]
·阴囊空虚（静脉曲张，肿块）[scrotal empty(varices, mass)]
·睾丸不发育（发育不全）[agenesis (dysgenesis) of testis]
·睾丸挫伤（损伤）[contusion (injury) of testis]
·睾丸畸形[teratism of testis]
·睾丸萎缩（缺如，肿大）[atrophy (absence, swelling) of testis]
·睾丸过小[microtestis]
·睾丸未降[undescended testicle]
·隐睾[cryptorchid]
·睾丸异位[parorchidium]
·睾丸扭转[torsion of testis]
·睾丸血肿[hematoma of testis]
·睾丸鞘膜积液[hydrocele]
·腹股沟的[inguinal]
·尿道口[orifice of urethra]
·尿道下裂 [hypospadius]
·尿道出血[urethremorrhage]
·尿道脓性分泌物[purulent secretion of urethra]
·索状结构[cord structure]
·精索静脉曲张[varicocele]
·透光试验[transillumination test]
·双（三）合诊[bimanual (trimanual) examination]
·阴道指诊[vaginal touch]
·外阴白斑干燥(橡皮肿，囊肿)[vulval leukoplakia(xerosis, elephantiasis, cyst)]
·外阴溃疡（下疳，创伤，过度角化，瘙痒，湿疹，血肿）[ulcer(chancre, trauma, hyperkeratosis, pruritus, eczema, hematoma ) of vulva]
·外阴会阴破裂[vulvoperineal rupture]
·幼稚型[infantile typer]
·已婚外阴[marital outlet]
·处女膜完整[intact hymen]
·恶露[lochia]
·白带[leucorrhea]
·水样（血性，脓性）阴道分泌物[watery (bloody, purulent) vaginal discharge]
·宫颈涂片（活检）[cervical smear (biopsy)]
·宫颈触痛[cervical tenderness]
·子宫后位（侧位，下垂）[retroposition (latero-location, ptosis) of uterus]
·子宫发育不良[hypoplasia of uterus]
·未产（多产）式子宫（子宫颈）[nulliparous (multipara) uterus (cervix)]
·宫颈糜烂[erosion of cervix]
·宫颈刮片[cervical scraping smear]
·宫颈肥大（白斑，裂伤，难产）[cervical hypertrophy (leukoplakia, laceration, dystocia)]
·宫颈扩张[dilatation of cervix]
·宫颈息肉[cervical polyp]
·宫颈视诊[cervical inspection]
·前（后）倾位[in anteversion (retroversion) position]
·前（后）屈[anteflexion (retroflexion)]
·萎缩（肥厚）[atrophy (hypertrophy)]
·处女膜闭锁[atresia of hymen(imperforate hymen)]
·处女膜裂伤[hymenal laceration]
·处女膜破裂[repture of hymen]
· 阴道狭窄（血肿、闭锁，囊肿，缺失）[stenosis (hematoma, atresia, cyst, absence) of vagina]
·阴道疤痕（裂伤、损伤、肿瘤）[vaginal scar (laceration, injury, tumor)]
·阴道出血[colporrhagia (vaginal bleeding)]
·阴道干燥（积血，破裂）[colpoxerosis(hematocolpos, colporrhexis)]
·阴道尖锐湿疣[condyloma acuminata of vagina]
·阴道镜检查[colposcopy]
·阴道疝（水肿，脱垂）[colpocele (colpedema, vaginocele)]
·阴道壁膨出[vaginal wall protruding]
·阴道积液[vaginal dropsy]
·第一（二）性征[primary (secondary) sex characteristies]
·阴蒂出血（肥大）[clitorrhagia (clitoridauxe)]
·巴氏（前庭大）腺增大[Bartholins gland enlargement]
·产前检查[antenatal care]
·骨盆测量[pelvimetry]
·出口横径[transverse outlet diameter]
·骨盆入（出）口狭窄[contracted pelvic inlet (outlet)]
·骨盆畸形（骨折，损伤）[deformity (fracture, injury) of pelvis]
·髂棘间径[IS (interspinous diameter)]
·髂嵴间径[IC (intercristal diameter)]
·粗隆间径[IT (intertrochanteric diameter)]
·骶耻外径[EC (external conjugate)]
·骶耻内径[DC (diagonal conjugate)]
·坐骨结节间径[ischial intertuberal diameter]
·头盆不相称[CPD(cephalopelvic disproportion)]
·胎心音（率，律）[fetal heart sound (rate, rhythm)]
·胎位[fetal position]
·左（右）枕前位[left (right) occipito-anterior (LOA/ROA)]
·左（右）枕横位[left (rihgt) occiput transverse (LOT/ROT)]
·左（右）枕后位[left (rihgt) occiput posterior (LOP/ROP)]
·左骶（颏，肩）前位[left sacrum (mental, acromion) anterior (LSA/LMA/LAA)]
·宫底[fundus]
·在脐与耻骨联合之间[between the symphysis pubis and the umbilicus]
·脐上[above the umbilicus]
·剑突下[below the xiphoid process]
·如妊娠6个月大小[be enlarged as a 6-mouth gestation]
·胎先露[fetal presentation]
·横产位[acromio-iliac presentation]
·头（面，足，膝，肩，臀，臂）先露[head (face, foot ,knee, shoulder, breech, arm, funis) presentation]
·脐带异常[abnormality of umbilical cord]
·脐带过长（短）[long (short) cord]
·脐带缠绕（绕颈）[cord entanglement (cord aound neck)]
·脐带水肿（打结，扭转，胱垂，缠绕）[edema (knot, torsion, prolapse, winding) of umbilical cord]
·前置胎盘[placenta previa]
·胎盘早期剥离[premature separation of placenta (placental abruption)]
·胎盘部分残留[placenta remnants]
·胎盘滞留[retention of placenta]
·胎盘粘连[placenta adherence]
·胎盘嵌顿[incarcerated placenta]
·胎头入盆[engagement of head]
·胎动[fetal movement]
·胎粪（毛、膜）[meconium (down, fetal membrane)]
·胎膜早破[premature rupture of fetal membrane]
·宫缩（乏力，无力）[uterine contraction (uterine inertia, uterine atony)]
·宫缩不良[inefficient uterine action]
·过期妊娠[prolonged pregnancy (graviditas)]
·分娩[delivery (labor, childbirth, parturition)]
·见红[bloody show]
·羊水过多（过少）[hydramnios (oligoamnios)]
·死产（宫内死亡）[stillbirth (fetal death)]
·双胞胎[twins]
·宫外孕[ectopic pregnancy]
·产道异常（损伤，裂伤）[abnormality (injury, laceration) of birth canal]
·产后出血[postpartum hemorrhage]
·窥阴器[speculum]
·穹窿[vault (fornix)]
·肛瘘[anal fistula]
·肛裂[anal fissure]
·肛门脓肿（湿疹，出血）[abscess (eczema, hemorrhage) of anus]
·肛周脓肿（感染，瘙痒）[perianal abscess (infection, pruritus)]
·肛门反射[anal reflex]
·肛门缺如[anal agenesis (anus absence)]
·肛门闭锁[imperforate anus]
·脱肛[proctoptosis]
·直肠内触痛[rectum tenderness]
·肛门和直肠内波动感[wave sense in anus and rectum]
·直肠指检[digital examination of the rectum]
·直肠闭锁[rectal atresia]
·直肠（乙状结肠）镜[proctoscopy (sigmoidoscopy)]
·直肠（多发性）息肉[(multiple) polypus recti (proctopolypus)]
·直肠后间隙脓肿[retrorectal abscess]
·直肠瘘（破裂）[rectal fistula (rupture)]
·直肠膨出[rectocele]
·直肠狭窄[rectostenosis]
·直肠阴道隔（瘘）[rectovaginal septum (fistula)]
·内（外，混合）痔[internal (external, mixed) hemorrhoids]
·括约肌张力正常[normal sphincter tone]
·肛管[anal canal]
第十一章 标准化病人体检项目[COMPLETE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION CHECKLIST
(standard patient, SP)]
1、一般检查/生命体征[GENERAL EXAMINATION/VITAL SIGNS]
·向病人介绍自己的姓名，职责。通过简短交谈，了解病人的精神状态
·检查前洗手
·让病人取坐位
·检查桡动脉脉搏至少30秒，并记录
·检查脉搏对称性
·计数呼吸频率至少30秒，并记录
·测量右上臂血压
·将袖带缚于上臂正确位置
·触诊肱动脉
·测量血压两次，记录较低值
·Introduce yourself to patient, usually last name and title and have a little
conversation to relax the patient and to judge mental state.
·Wash hands before starting examinagion
·Patient is seated in a chair
·Palpate radial (wrist) pulses for at least 30 seconds and record
·Palpate both radial (wrist) pulses simultaneously for symmetry
·Measure respiratory rate for at least 30 seconds and record
·Measure blood pressure on right arm
·Place cuff in correct location 2-3 cm above the antecubital crease
·Palpate brachial artery
·Measure blood pressure over brachial artery twice and record the lower reading
2、头部和颈部[HEAD AND NECK]
（1）头颅[Skull]
·检查头颅（分开头发观察）
·Palpate and observe scalp (parting hair, and observing hair density, color,lustre and distribution)
（2）眼[Eyes]
·检查视力
·检查角膜、下份巩膜、结膜和泪囊：置拇指于下睑中份，轻轻向下按下睑，请病人向上看
·检查上份巩膜及球结膜：置拇指于上睑中份，轻轻向上牵拉上睑，请病人向下看
·面神经（第Ⅶ对颅神经）上支运动功能的检查，皱眉、皱额或紧闭双目
·检查双眼眼外肌六个方向运动功能
·瞳孔直接对光反射
·检查调节反射
·Visual screening
·Observe cornea, sclera, conjunctive and lacrimal puncta by gently moving lower eyelids down.
·Observe sclera and bulbar conjunctiva by gently elevating upper eyelid while patient looks down
·Check cranial nerve(cr n) Ⅶ upper division:raised eyebrows, wrinkle forehead or forced eyelid closing.
·Evaluate extraocular muscle function in both eyes in 6 directions (left, upper left, and lower left, right, upper right, lower right)
·Observe pupillary direct response to light
·Observe pupillary consensual response to light
·Check for convergence and accommodation
（3）检眼镜检查[OPhthalmoscopic Examination]
·调整病人者坐位高度，以检查者感觉舒适为宜
·关暗室内光线，以利观察眼内情况
·正确握持检眼镜
·右手持检眼镜站在右前方，用右眼检查受检者的右眼
·左手持镜眼镜站在左前方，用左眼检查受检者的左眼
·调整方位开始检查
·用检眼镜检查角膜、晶状体和玻璃体
·观察眼底视乳头及其周围视网膜
·检查四个象限的视网膜血管
·检查黄斑（嘱受检查注视光源）
·Position patient at height comfortable for examiner
·Dim lights of room
·Hold ophthalmoscope properly and use index finger to switch lenses
·To examine patient`s right eye, examiner holds ophthalmoscope with right hand and uses right eye
·To examine patient`s left eye, examiner holds ophthalmoscope with left hand and uses left eye
·Position to start ophthalmoscopic examination
·Inspect cornea, lens, and vitreous body for opacity with ophthalmoscope
·Inspect optic disc (color, margin, etc.)
·Trace retinal vessels in four quadrants
·Observe macula (patient asked to look directly at light of ophthalmoscope)
（4）耳及颞下颌关节[Ears]
·观察和触诊双侧耳廓及周围
·触诊双侧颞下颌关节，注意有无肿胀及触痛
·双手指置于耳屏前或稍插入外耳道，检查颞颌关节的运动
·用手稍向后上方牵拉耳廓，使外耳道变直，以便插入耳镜
·插入耳镜观察鼓膜
·使受检查者不感疼痛
·检查听力
·用适当方法分别检查双耳听力
·Observe and palpate the auricles and observe postauricular regions bilaterally
·Palpate temporomandibular joint for tenderness and swelling
·Feel the movement of the TMJ with index fingers inside examinee`s ears or over joint
·Gently pull auricle upward and backward to ease insertion of otoscope
·Insert otoscope into external auditory meatus to observe tympanic membrane
·Insert otoscope without causing pain to the patient
·Evaluate auditory acuity
·Use proper technique to check auditory acuity separately in each ear
（5）鼻[Nose]
·观察及触诊外鼻有否畸形，压痛等
·观察鼻前庭（不用鼻镜，可用电筒）
·插入鼻镜观察前庭、中隔、鼻甲及鼻粘膜。检查过程中，病人头部逐渐后仰
·分别压闭一侧鼻孔，令病人吸气，检查其通气情况
·按压双侧上颌窦区，有无肿痛
·按压双侧额窦区，有无肿痛
·Inspect and palpate external nose for malformation and inflammation
·Observe nasal vestibule without otoscope
·Turn the tip of the nose upwards and insert the tip of the speculum to inspect nasal vestibule and anterior part of nasal cavity for ulcer, crust, swelling, discharge, atrophy or perforation
·Test patency by inhaling through each nostril separately while the opposite nostril is held occluded
·Palpate and/or percuss maxillary sinus for swelling and tenderness
·Palpate and/or percuss frontal sinus for swelling and tenderness
（6）口腔、唇、咽[Mouth, Lips, Pharynx]
·检查唇、颊粘膜、牙、牙龈、舌
·检查口底
·检查口咽部有无充血、肿胀及溢脓
·嘱受检者向前伸舌，观察有无偏歪以检查第Ⅶ对颅神经功能
·嘱受检者露齿、鼓腮或吹口哨，以检查第Ⅻ对颅神经功能
·检查咬肌肌力，嘱受检者对抗阻力张口
·检查三叉神经感觉支（至少2/3部位）
·暴露和观察颈部
·Observe lips, buccal mucosa, teeth, gums and tongue
·Observe the floor of mouth
·Inspect the posterior structures of the mouth for congestion, swelling or pus, position of uvula, and elevation of the palate
·Observe midline protrusion of the tongue(cr n Ⅻ)
·Show teeth, puff out cheeks or purse lips (lower division of cr n Ⅶ)
·Test contraction of masseter (jaw) muscle or forced opening of mouth against resistance (motor division cr n V)
·Test for facial sense of pain and touch (must check at least 2 out of 3 sensory divisions for cr n V)
·Expose neck correctly to observe appearance and skin of neck
（7）淋巴结[Lymph nodes]
·触诊耳前淋巴结：双侧耳前区
·触诊耳后淋巴结：双侧耳后区
·触诊枕后淋巴结：枕外隆凸下方
·触诊下颌下淋巴结：屈曲手指于下颌骨内侧触诊
·触诊颏下淋巴结：屈曲手指于颏下中线处触诊
·触诊颈前淋巴结浅组：位于乳突下，胸锁乳肌前缘浅表处
·触诊颈后淋巴结：位于胸锁乳突肌后缘浅表处
·触诊锁骨上淋巴结：屈曲手指在锁骨与胸锁乳突肌之间的交角处触诊
·Palpate preauricular nodes (front of ears)
·Palpate post-auricular nodes (back of ears)
·Palpate occipital nodes (base of skull)
·Palpate submaxillary nodes (by bending finger under patient`s jaw)
·Palpate submental nodes (by bending finger under patient`s chin)
· Palpate anterior cervical nodes (superficial group under mastoid and the front of sternomastoid muscle)
·Palpate posterior cervical nodes (behind sternomastoid muscle)
·Palpate supraclavicular nodes (by bending finger above patient`s collarbone)
（8）甲状腺[Thyroid gland]
·用双指触摸甲状软骨，检查其移动度及有无疼痛
·用双手从患者前面或后面在正确部位触诊甲状腺
·触摸甲状腺狭部、配合吞咽动作
·触摸甲状腺侧叶、配合吞咽动作
·Palpate and/or move thyroid cartilage with two fingers checking for malformation and movability
·Palpate thyroid in correct anatomical location in front of or behind the patient with both hands
·Palpate isthmus of thyroid with and without swallowing
·Palpate thyroid gland(lobes) with and without swallowing
（9）颈动脉、气管[Carotid Artery and Trachea]
·触诊颈动脉
·检查气管位置
·Gently palpate carotid artery(bilaterally)
·Palpate the position of trachea
（10）颈椎运动[Movement of Cervical Spine]
·屈曲
·后伸
·侧弯（耳—肩运动）
·旋转（颏—肩运动）
·嘱受检者对抗阻力作头部旋转或耸肩以检查第Ⅺ对颅神经功能
·Flexion (actively, if possible; if abnormal, do passively)
·Extension (actively, if possible; if abnormal, do passively)
·Lateral bending [ear-to-shoulder]; (actively, if possible; if abnormal, do passively)
·Rotation (chin-to-shoulder), (actively, if possible; if abnormal, do passively)
·Test rotation of patient`s head against resistance or check resistance of shrugged shoulders (cr n XI)
3、上肢[UPPER LIMBS]
·正确暴露上肢
·Expose upper limbs
（1）手[Hands]
·观察手掌、手背，触诊双手各关节
·检查双手及指甲，有无紫绀和杵状指
·伸展手指
·弯曲近指间和远指间关节呈爪状
·握拳
·拇指对掌运动
·检查远端肌力
·Inspect dorsa and palms and palpate all joints of hand
·Check fingernails for clubbing or cyanosis
·Ask patient to extend fingers
·Ask patient to make a claw
·Ask patient to make a fist
·Check patient`s ability to perform thumb opposition
·Check for distal muscle strength
（2）腕[Wrist]
·触诊双手腕有无肿块、水肿、畸形和压痛
·背伸
·掌曲
·Observe and palpate wrist (for lumps, swelling, deformities, and tenderness)
·Extension of wrist (bend backward)
·Flexion of wrist (bend forward)
（3）肘[Elbow]
·触诊鹰嘴和肱骨髁状突
·触诊滑车上淋巴结
·屈肘
·检查上臂肌力
·伸肘
·旋前和旋后
·Palpate olecranon process and epicondyles
·Palpate epitrochlear lymph nodes
·Flexion
·Check for upper arm muscle strength
·Extension
·Pronation and supination (with elbows locked at patient`s side)
（4）肩[Shoulder]
·触诊双肩
·功能检查（三个过筛试验：一手越过头顶触摸对側耳朵；双臂上举，双手置于后枕；一手从背后触及对侧肩胛下角）
·检查上肢近端肌力
·检查触觉或痛觉（至少2/3部位）
·贝勒氏（Barre`s）上肢轻瘫试验（闭眼）
·Palpate both shoulders
·Functional examination (3 screening maneuvers: hand over head to opposite ear, hands behind head, touch lower border of opposite scapula)
·Check for proximal muscle strength
·Test sense of pain or touch:at least 2 of 3 positions (upper arm, forearm, & hand) on each upper extremity bilaterally and symmetrically
·Barre`s upper limb test (test for drift of outstretched arms with eyes closed)
（5）腱反射[Deep Tendon Reflexes(The reflexes should be checked bilaterally and both sides com-pared.)]
·肱二头肌反射
·肱三头肌反射
·桡骨骨膜反射
·Biceps reflex
·Triceps reflex
·Brachioradialis reflex
（6）共济运动[Coordination]
·快速轮替动作
·指鼻试验（睁眼）
·指鼻试验（闭眼）
·Rapid alternating movement
·Finger to nose test (with open eyes)
·Finger to nose test (with closed eyes)
4、背部[BACK]
·正确暴露背部
·逐个触诊脊柱棘突，检查有无畸形、压痛
·逐个叩击脊椎棘突（或用间接叩击法）检查有无叩痛
·检查肾区压痛和叩击痛
·检查胸廓活动度和对称性
·嘱受检者稍前倾，双上肢交叉，双手分别置于对侧肩部
·叩诊后胸部
·双侧对称地叩诊后胸部
·叩诊肺下界移动范围
·嘱受检者轻微张口作深呼吸
·听诊后胸部
·双侧对称地听诊后胸部
·听觉语音（耳语音）
·Expose the back correctly
·Palpate spinous processes one by one (check for scoliosis and tenderness)
·Test for percussion pain of spinal column one by one (or by indirect method)
·Test CVA for kidney tenderness by pressure and indirect fist percussion
·Palpate thoracic expansion and symmetry
·Have patient cross arms in front and touch opposite shoulder
·Percuss posterior lung fields
·Percuss posterior lung fields comparatively and symmetrically
·Measure diaphragmatic excursion
·Instruct the patient to breathe a little deeply with mouth open slightly
·Auscultate posterior lung fields
·Auscultate comparatively and symmetrically
·Vocal audible resonance
5、乳房（女性）[BREASTS (FEMALE)]
·充分暴露双侧乳房
·坐位（或站立位）观察乳房
·前倾位观察乳房
·双臂高举过头观察乳房
·用手指掌面以适当压力触诊右乳房
·按内上、外上、尾部、内下、外下顺序触诊右乳房，至少4/5部位
·触诊右乳晕及乳头，注意乳头溢液
·用手指掌面以适当压力触诊左乳房
·按内上、外上、尾部、内下、外下顺序触诊左乳房，至少4/5部位
·触诊左乳晕及乳头，注意乳头溢液
·教检者作乳房自我检查
·检查受检者右腋窝
·触诊右腋窝5群淋巴结
·检查受检者左腋窝
·触诊左腋窝5群淋巴结
·Expose both breasts completely
·Inspect both breasts symmetrically in sitting position
·Inspect both breasts symmetrically with patient leaning forward
·Inspect both breasts symmetrically with arms raised above head
·Inspect both breasts symmetrically with hands on hips and squeeze
·Palpate patient`s right breast with pads of fingers of right hand, applying gentle pressure
·Palpate right breast in the 5 following areas;superinternal, superlateral, tail, inferinternal, inferlateral (at least 4 of 5 parts of the breast should be palpated)
·Palpate nipples, areola, attempt to express discharge from nipple
·Palpate patient`s left breast with pad of fingers and palm, applying gentle pressure.
·Palpate left breast in the folloing areas:superinternal, superlateral, tail, inferinternal, inferlateral.
·Palpate nipples, areola, attempt to express discharge from nipple.
·Teach patient breast self-examination.
Axillary Examinaton
·Inspect the patient`s right axilla.
·Palpate chains of lymph nodes on right:top , medial, anterior, posterior, lateral
·Inspects patients left axilla
·Palpate chains of lymph nodes on left: tcp, medial, anterior, posterior, lateral.
6、前胸和肺[ANTERIOR CHEST AND LUNGS]
·视、触胸部
·双侧对称地叩诊肺尖
·叩诊前胸和侧胸
·双侧对称地听诊肺尖
·听诊前、侧胸部
·Inspect and palpate configuration and symmetry of chest
·Percuss supraclavicular fossae bilaterally and symmetrically
·Percuss anterior and lateral lung fields
·Auscultate supraclavicular fossae bilatcrally and symmetrically
·Auscultate anterior and lateral lung fields.
7、心脏[HEART]
·嘱受检者仰卧，粗略估计颈静脉压
·观察心前区（取切线方向）
·用手掌、手指触诊心尖搏动
·用手掌触诊心前区
·叩诊心脏相对浊音界
·Screening test for elevated venous pressure.
·Observe precordium (view tangentially)
·Palpate apical area with palm and fingertips
·Palpate precordial area with palm
·Percuss relative dullness of the heart
（1）用膜型胸件听诊[Auscultate with diaphragm]
·肺动脉瓣区（胸骨左缘第2肋间隙）
·主动脉瓣区（胸骨右缘第2肋间隙）
·主动脉瓣第二听诊区（胸骨左缘第3、4肋间隙）
·二尖瓣区（心尖部）
·三尖瓣区（胸骨左缘第4、5肋间隙或胸骨体下端稍偏右）
·Pulmonary area (second left ICS)
·Aortic area (second right ICS)
·Second aortic area (third and fourth left ICS)
·Mitral area (Apical area)
·Tricuspid area (fourth, fifth left ICS, LSB and RSB)
（2）用钟型胸件听诊[Auscultate with bell]
·肺动脉瓣区
·主动脉瓣区
·主动脉瓣第二听诊区
·二尖瓣区
·三尖瓣区
·Pulmonary area
·Aortic area
·Second aortic area
·Mitral area (Apical area)
·Tricuspid area
8、腹部[ABDOMEN]
·正确暴露腹部
·头下置一小枕，嘱受检者屈膝、尽量放松腹肌、双上肢置于躯干两侧，平静呼吸
·视诊腹部
·听诊肠鸣音
·叩诊腹部
·叩诊肝浊音界
·触诊腹部时应注意受检者面部表情及退缩反应
·浅部触诊
·深部触诊
·单手法触诊肝脏
·双手法触诊肝脏
·在前正中线触诊肝脏
·双手法触诊脾脏
·右侧卧位触诊脾脏
·双手触诊法检查双侧肾脏
·检查腹部的触觉和痛觉
·Expose abdomen completely from just below breasts to just above pubis
·Place pillow under head, bend knees, arms at side, have patient breathe normally.
·Observe abdomen.
·Auscultate for bowel sounds, place stethoscope in area of umbilicus
·Percuss abdomen
·Percuss liver span
·Watch patient`s face and response as you palpate abdomen
·Palpate superficially
·Palpate deeply
·Palpate liver at midclavicular with monomanual method.
·Palpate liver at midclavicular line with bimanual method
·Palpate liver at midsternal line
·Palpate spleen with bimanual method
·Palpate spleen with patient rolled toward his right side.
·Palpate kidneys with bimanual method
·Test for pain of light touch on abdominal wall
9、下肢[LOWER LIMBS]
·充分暴露和视诊双下肢
·触诊双侧腹股沟浅表淋巴结（横组）
·触摸双侧腹股沟浅表淋巴结（纵组）
·触诊双侧股动脉
·触诊双侧足背动脉
·检查双下肢水肿
·检查下肢触觉或痛觉（至少2/3部位）
·Expose and inspect lower limbs
·Palpate transverse group of superficial groin lymph nodes
·Palpate longitudinal group of superficial groin lymph nodes
·Femoral artery (groin)
·Dorsalis pedis artery (top of foot)
·Check for pitting edema
·Test for sense of pain or light touch in at least 2 or 3 positions
（1）髋[Hips]
·屈髋
·内旋和外旋运动
·检查下肢近端肌力
·Check flexion of the hip
·Check internal/external rotation of the hip
·Check proximal muscle strength
（2）膝[Knee]
·检查髌骨运动
·屈膝
·检查膝周肌力
·触诊膝关节
·检查膝反射
·Examine movement of patella
·Flexion of knee
·Check for muscle strength around knee
·Palpate the knee joint
·Test knee jerk
（3）踝[Ankle]
·触诊踝关节（包括跟腱）
·检查双下肢远端肌力
·背屈和跖屈
·内翻和外翻
·Palpate ankle joint including Achilles tendon
·Check for distal muscle strength
·Check movement at tibial-talar joint (dorsiflexion-plantar flexion)
·Check movement at subtalar joint (eversion-inversion)
（4）足[Foot]
·屈趾和伸趾
·检查双足位置觉
·检查跟腱反射
·检查跖反射
·罗姆伯格征（Romberg征即闭目难立征）检查
·步态观察
·Flexion of toes (curl toes) and extension of toes (straighten toes)
·Test position sense in both feet
·Ankle jerk
·Plantar reflex
·Perform Romberg test
·Check gait (arms swinging at side)
（5）腰椎运动[Movement of lumbar spine]
·俯屈
·仰伸
·侧弯
·旋转
·Flexion
·Extension
·Lateral bending
·Rotation
第十二章 实验室检查[Lab]
1、血液细胞学检查（examination of blood cell）
·全血细胞[complete blood cell (CBC)]
·血常规检查[blood routine examination]
·红（白）细胞计数[red (white) blood cell (RBC/WBC) count]
·网织红细胞（血小板，嗜酸粒细胞）计数[reticulocyte (platelet, eosinocyte) count]
·血红蛋白[hemoglobin (HB)]
·红细胞比积[hematocrit (HCT)]
·白细胞分类[WBC differential count]
·平均红细胞容积[mean corpuscular count]
·平均红细胞血红蛋白含量[mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)]
·平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度[mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)]
·皱缩（裂片，棘形，泪滴状，球形，椭圆形）红细胞[crenocyte (schistocyte, acanthocyte, cacryocyte, spherocyte, elliptocyte)]
·靶形（镰刀形）红细胞[target (sickle) cell]
·中毒颗粒[toxic granulation]
·中性粒细胞核左（右）移[neutrophil shift to the left (right)]
·血沉[erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)]
·空泡（核）变性[vacuolation (degeneration of nucleus)]
·卡搏环[Cabot`s ring]
·染色质小体[Howell-Jolly body]
·嗜碱性粒细胞[basophilic granulocyte]
·单核（淋巴）细胞[monocyte (lymphocyte)]
·中性分叶（杆状）核粒细胞[neutrophilic segmented (stab) granulocyte]
2、骨髓细胞学检查[examination of marrow cell]
·myeloblast[原粒细胞]
·promyelocyte[早幼粒细胞]
·myelocyte[中幼粒细胞]
·metamyelocyte[晚幼粒细胞]
·band granulocyte[杆状核粒细胞]
·polymorphonuclears[多形核粒细胞]
·neutrophil granulocyte[中性粒细胞]
·basophil granulocyte[嗜碱性粒细胞]
·eosinophil granulocyte[嗜酸性粒细胞]
·pronormoblast[原红细胞]
·basophilic pronormoblast[早幼红细胞]
·polychromatophilic normoblast[中幼红细胞]
·orthochromatic normoblast[晚幼红细胞]
·lymphoblast[原淋巴细胞]
·prolymphocyte[幼淋巴细胞]
·lymphocyte[淋巴细胞]
·monoblast[原单核细胞]
·promonocyte[幼单核细胞]
·monocyte[单核细胞]
·plasmablast[原浆细胞]
·proplasmacyte[幼浆细胞]
·plasmacyte[浆细胞]
·megakaryoblast[原巨核细胞]
·promegakaryocyte[幼巨核细胞]
·granular megakaryocyte[颗粒巨核细胞]
·platelet-producing megakaryocyte[产血小板巨核细胞]
·iron staining of bone marrow smear[骨髓铁染色]
·peroxidase staining megakaryocyte[产血小板巨核细胞]
·iron staining of bone marrow smear[骨髓铁染色]
·peroxidase staining(POX)[过氧化酶染色]
·Sudan black staining(SB)[苏丹黑染色]
·alkaline phosphatase staining(ALP)[碱性磷酸酶染色]
·acid phosphatase staining(ACP)[酸性磷酸酶染色]
·nonspecific esterase(NSE)[非特异性酯酶]
·heated normal saline test[热盐水溶解试验]
·ink phagocytosis test[墨汁吞噬试验]
·lysozyme staining[溶菌酶染色]
3、贫血的检查[examination of anemia]
·serum iron assay[血清铁测定]
·total iron binding capacity assay[总铁结合力测定]
·serum ferritin assay[血清铁蛋白测定]
·serum transferrin assay[血清转铁蛋白测定]
·vitamin B12 assay[维生素B12测定]
·folic acid assay[叶酸测定]
·osmotic fragility test of erythrocytes[红细胞渗透脆性试验]
·biochemical assay of pyruvate kinase[丙酮酸激酶的生化测定]
·methemoglobin reduction test[高铁血红蛋白还原试验]
·brilliant cresyl blue reduction test[煌焦油蓝还原试验]
·reduced glutathione assay(GSH)[还原型谷胱甘肽测定]
·glutathione stability test[谷胱甘肽稳定试验]
·Heinz bodies staining[变性珠蛋白小体染色]
·heat instability test[热不稳定试验]
·isopropanol stability test[异丙醇试验]
·RBC sickling test[红细胞镰变试验]
·hemoglobin C test[血红蛋白C试验]
·Hb absorption spectrum determination[血红蛋白吸收光谱测定]
·hemoglobin electrophoresis[血红蛋白电泳]
·anti human globulin test (Coombs test)[抗人球蛋白试验]
·cold agglutinin assay[冷凝集素测定]
·cold hemolytic test (Donath-Landsteiner test)[冷溶血试验]
·heat hemolysis test[热溶血试验]
·measurement of free Hb levels in plasma[血浆游离血红蛋白测定]
·urinary hemosiderin determination (Rous test)[尿含铁血黄素检查]
4、出血和凝血的检查[examination of hemostasis and coagulation]
·platelet count[血小板计数]
·bleeding time (BT)[出血时间]
·capillary fragility test[毛细血管脆性试验]
·examination of capillary in nail fold with microscopy[甲床毛细血管镜检查]
·assay of malondaldehyde for determination of platelet life-span[丙二醛法测定血小板寿命]
·platelet adhesiveness test(PAdT)[血小板粘附性试验]
·platelet aggregation test (PagT)[血小板聚集性试验]
·platelet factor assay[血小板因子测定]
·β-thromboglobulin (β-TG)assay[β-血小板球蛋白测定]
·thromboxane A2(TXA2)assay[血小板血栓烷A2测定]
·clot retraction quantitative assay[血块收缩定量测定]
·coagulation time (CT)[凝血时间]
·factor Ⅷ coagulant activity [因子Ⅷ凝血活性测定]
·prothrombin time(PT)[ 凝血酶原时间]
·recalcification time (RT)[复钙时间]
·activated coagulation time(ACT)[活化的凝血时间]
·kaolin partial thromboplastin time (KPTT)[白陶土部分凝血活酶时间]
·stypven time(ST)[蛇毒时间测定]
·fibrin peptide A (FPA)[纤维蛋白肽]
·fibrin plate test[纤维蛋白平板溶解试验]
·plasma plasminogen assay[血浆纤溶酶原测定]
·thrombin time (TT)[凝血酶时间]
·paracoagulation test[副凝试验]
·staphylococcal clumping test (SCT)[萄葡球菌聚集试验]
·immunological assay of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products[纤维蛋白（原）降解产物的免疫学测定]
·D-dimer fragments assay[D-二聚体测定]
·α2-macroglobulin (α2-MG)assay[α2-巨球蛋白测定]
·antithrombin Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)assay[抗凝血酶Ⅲ测定]
5、肾功能检查[nephric function examintion]
·non-protein nitrogen (NPN)assay[非蛋白氮测定]
·urea nitrogen assay[尿素氮测定]
·creatinine assay(Cr)[肌酐测定]
·endogenous creatinine clearance test[内生肌酐清除试验]
·phenolsulfonphthalein excretion test (PSP)[酚红排泄试验]
·Masenthal`s test[莫氏试验]
·radionucleorenogram[放射性核素肾图]
6、肝功能检查[liver function examination]
·serum transaminase[血清转氨酶]
·glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)[谷丙转氨酶]
·glutamic oxalo-acetic transaminase (GOT)[谷草转氨酶]
·serum alkaline phosphatase (S-AKP)[血清碱性磷酸酶]
·serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme[血清碱性磷酸酶同功酶]
·serum gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (S-r-GT)[血清r-谷氨酰转肽酶]
·serum monoamine oxidase (S-MAO)[血清单胺氧化酶]
·serum cholinesterase (S-ChE)[血清胆碱酯酶]
·serum ceruloplasmin[血清铜蓝蛋白]
·serum α1 -antitrypsin (S-α1AT)[血清α1抗胰蛋白酶]
·serum protein[血清蛋白]
·albumin[白蛋白]
·globulin[球蛋白]
·serum cholesterol esters[血清胆固醇酯]
·blood ammonia[血氨]
·serum bilirubin[血清胆红素]
·serum bile acid[血清胆汁酸]
7、其他[the others]
·lunch test[试餐试验]
·serum amylase[血清淀粉酶]
·uric amylase[尿淀粉酶]
·serum lipase[血清脂肪酶]
·serum methemalbumin[血清高铁血白蛋白]
·serum total cholesterol(CHOL)[血清总胆固醇]
·serum triglyceride(TG)[血清甘油三酯]
·serum high density lipoprotein(HDL)[血清高密度脂蛋白]
·serum low density lipoprotein (LDL)[血清低密度脂蛋白]
·serum free fatty acids(FFA)[血清游离脂肪酸]
·serum creatin phosphokinase (S-CPK)[血清肌酸磷酸激酶]
·serum CPK isoenzymes[血清肌酸磷酸激酶同功酶]
·serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(S-GOT)[血清谷草转氨酶]
·serum lactate dehydrogenase(S-LDH)[血清乳酸脱氢酶]
·serum LDH isoenzymes[血清乳酸脱氢酶同功酶]
·serum potassium [血清钾]
·血清钠[serum sodium]
·serum chloride[血清氯]
·serum calcium[血清钙]
·inorganic phosphorum[无机磷]
·serum magnesium[血清镁]
·examination of malarial parasite from blood (bone marrow)smear[血（骨髓）涂片找原虫]
·filaria examination from blood[血中找丝虫]
·vitamin A assay[维生素A测定]
·vitamin B1 assay[维生素B1测定]
·vitamin B2assay[维生素B2测定]
·Nicotinic acid assay[烟酸测定]
·vitamin B6 assay[维生素B6]
·vitamin B12 assay[维生素B12]
·vitamin C assay[维生素C测定]
·vitamin E assay[维生素E测定]
·blood grouping [血型鉴定]
·cross matching[交叉配合]
·transfusion[输血]
·A blood group[A血型]
·B blood group[B血型]
·AB blood group[AB血型]
·O blood group[O血型]
·Rh blood group[Rh 血型]
8、内分泌试验[endocrine test]
·luteinizing hormone(LH)[黄体生成素]
·thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)[促甲状腺激素]
·growth hormone(GH)[生长激素]
·prolactin[催乳素]
·adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)[促肾上腺皮质激素]
·follicular stimulating hormone(FSH)[卵泡剌激素]
·serum protein-bound iodine assay(PBI)[血清蛋白结合碘测定]
·total 3,5,3`,5`-tetraiodothyronine(TT4)[总甲状腺素]
·total 3,5,3`-triiodothyronine(TT3)[总三碘甲状腺原氨酸]
·determina-tion of free T4and free T3[游离甲状腺素和游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸测定]
·thyroxine-binding globulin as-say[甲状腺素结合球蛋白测定]
·thyroidal uptake rate of 131I[甲状腺摄131碘率]
·T3 suppression test[三碘甲状腺原氨酸抑制试验]
·thyroid scintiscan[甲状腺闪烁扫描]
·basal metabolic rate(BMR)[基础代谢率]
·parathyroid hormone assay[甲状旁腺激素测定]
·determination of calcitonin[降钙素测定]
·urine 17-ketosteroids assay(17-KS)[尿17-酮类固醇测定]
·urine 17-hydroxycorticosteroids assay(17-OHCS)[尿17-羟皮质类固醇测定]
·urine free cortisol assay[尿游离皮质醇测定]
·plasma cortisol assay[血浆皮质醇测定]
·aldosterone assay[醛固酮测定]
·corticosterone assay[皮质酮测定]
·urine pregnanetriol assay[尿孕三醇测定]
·ACTH stimulating test[促肾上腺皮质激素兴奋试验]
·dexamethasone suppression test[地塞米松抑制试验]
·urine catecholamine assay[尿儿茶酚胺测定]
·urine vanillyl mandelic acid(VMA)[尿香草基杏仁酸]
·testosterone assay[睾酮测定]
·estradiol assay[雌二醇测定]
·blood glucose assay[血糖测定]
·glucose tolerance test(GTT)[葡萄糖耐量试验]
·insulin releasing test[胰岛素释放试验]
·serum C-peptide assay[血清C肽测定]
·glucagon assay[胰升血糖素测定]
·glycosylated hemoglobin assay[糖化血红蛋白测定]
·plasma renin activity assay[血浆肾素活性测定]
·5-hydroxytryptamine assay[5-羟色胺测定]
·cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)[环磷酸腺苷测定]
·cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)[环磷酸鸟苷测定]
·prostaglandin assay(PG)[前列腺素测定]
9、免疫学检查[immunological examination]
·HbsAg[乙型肝炎表面抗原]
·HbeAg[乙型肝炎e抗原]
·anti-HBs[乙型肝炎表面抗体]
·anti-HBc[乙型肝炎核心抗体]
·anti-Hbe[乙型肝炎e抗体]
·heterophil agglutination test[嗜异性凝集试验]
·EB virus capsid antigen-lgA(VCA-lgA)[EB病毒壳抗原igA抗体]
·immunofluorescent anti-body test for epidemic hemorrhagic fever[流行性出血热免疫荧火抗体试验]
·Weil-Felix reaction[外裴氏反应]
·complement fixation test for Q fever[Q热补体结合试验]
·cold agglutination test[冷凝集试验]
·widal`s reaction[肥达氏反应]
·Brucella agglutination test[布氏杆菌凝集试验]
·antistreptolysin-O(ASO)[抗链球菌溶血素“O”]
·serological test for syphilis[梅毒血清学试验]
·Wassermann reaction[华氏反应]
·[康氏试验Kahn test]
·agglutination hemolysis test for leptospirosis[钩端螺旋体病血清凝集溶解试验]
·intradermal test for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病皮内试验]
·circumoval precipitin test for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病环卵沉淀试验]
·cercarien hullen reaction for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病尾蚴膜反应]
·indirect hemagglutination test for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病间接血凝试验]
·enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病酶联免疫吸附试验]
·intradermal test for paragonimiasis[肺吸虫病皮内试验]
·casoni`s intradermal test[包虫病皮内试验]
·serum C-reactive protein(CRP)[血清C反应蛋白]
·α-fetoprotein(AFP)[甲种胎儿蛋白]
·carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)[癌胚抗原]
·E-rosette formation test[E花环形成试验]
·lymphocyte transformation test(LTT)[淋巴细胞转化试验]
·macrophage migration inhibition test(MMIT)[巨噬细胞移动抑制试验]
·EAC-rosette formation test[EAC花环形成试验]
·netroblue tetrazalium (NBT) reduction test[硝基蓝四氮唑还原试验]
·determination of macrophage phagocytic function[巨噬细胞吞噬功能测定]
·mixed lymphocytes culture test (LCT)[混合淋巴细胞培养试验]
·serum immunoglobulin assay(Ig)[血清免球蛋白测定]
·lg G[免疫球蛋白G]
·lg A[免疫球蛋白A]
·Ig M[免疫球蛋白M]
·Ig D[免疫球蛋白D]
·Ig E[免疫球蛋白E]
·cryoglobulin test[冷球蛋白试验]
·complement assay[补体测定]
·circulating immune complex assay (CIC)[循环免疫复合物测定]
·antinuclear antibodies assay(ANA)[抗核抗体测定]
·anti-double-stranded DNA anti-body[抗双链DNA抗体测定]
·examination of lupus erythematosis cell(LE cell)[红斑狼疮细胞检查]
·rheumatoid factors assay(RF)[类风湿因子测定]
·antismooth muscle antibodies assay(SMA)[抗平滑肌抗体]
·antimitochondrial antibodies(AMA)[抗线粒体抗体]
·anti-parietal cell antibody(PCA)[抗胃壁细胞抗体]
·anti-myocardial antibody[抗心肌抗体]
·antithyroid antibodies[抗甲状腺抗体]
10、血气分析[blood gas assay]
·blood PH[血PH]
·partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)[二氧化碳分压]
·carbon dioxide combining power(CO2CP)[二氧化碳结合力]
·standard bicarbonate(SB)[标准碳酸氢盐]
·actual bicarbonate(AB)[实际碳酸氢盐]
·buffer base(BB)[缓冲碱]
·base excess(BE)[剩余碱]
·total carbon dioxide(T CO2)[二氧化碳总量]
·oxygen content(O2-C)[氧含量]
·partial pressure of oxygen(PO2)[氧分压]
·oxygen saturation(O2sat or SaO2)[血氧饱和度]
11、大便检查[stool examination]
(1)exterior[外观]
·formed[成形的]
·dry[干的]
·soft[软的]
·loose[稀的]
·watery[水样的]
·liquid[液状]
·sheep-dung[羊粪状]
·yellow[黄的]
·black[黑的]
·acholic[无胆色的]
·tarry[柏油样]
·bloody[血性]
·fatty[脂肪性]
·rice water[米汤样]
·mucous[粘液性]
·mucopurulent[粘液脓性]
·undigested[不消化的]
（2）镜检[microscopy]
·RBC[红细胞]
·WBC[白细胞]
·pus cell[脓细胞]
·phagocyte[吞噬细胞]
·ova count[虫卵计数]
·hatching test[卵化试验]
·concentration of ovae[集卵试验]
·ova of roundworm[蛔虫卵]
·ova of hookworm[钩虫卵]
·ova of pinworm[蛲虫卵]
·ova of whipworm[鞭虫卵]
·ova of schistosoma[血吸虫卵]
·ova of clonorchis sinensis[华支睾吸虫卵]
·ova of fasciolopsis[姜片虫卵]
·ova of tapeworm[绦虫卵]
·trichominad[滴虫]
·trophozoites and cysts of entamoeba hestolytica[溶组织内阿米巴滋养体及包囊]
·Endameba coli[结肠阿米巴]
·trophozoites and cysts of Giardia lamblia[蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫滋养体及包囊]
·Charcot-Leyden`s crystals[夏科—雷登氏结晶]
(3)化学检查[chemical examination]
·occult blood test(OBT)[隐血试验]
·coproporphyrins[粪卟啉]
·fecal urobilin qualitative test[粪胆素定性试验]
12、小便检查[urine examination]
(1)colour[颜色]
·light yellow[淡黄]
·milky[乳白]
·bloody[血性]
·red[红色]
·thick tea in color[浓茶状]
(2)transparency[透明度]
·clear[清晰]
·cloudy[混浊]
(3)smell[气味]
·ammoniacal smell[氨味]
·apple smell[苹果味]
·putrid smell[腐臭味]
(4)acid or alkaline[酸碱性]
·acid[酸性]
·alkaline[碱性]
·PH urinary [尿PH]
(5)microscopy[镜检]
·high power lens(HP)[高倍镜]
·low power lens(LP)[低倍镜]
·RBC[红细胞]
·WBC[白细胞]
·pus cell[脓细胞]
·epithelial cell[上皮细胞］
·small round epithelial cell[小圆上皮细胞]
·renal tubular epithelial cell[肾小管上皮细胞]
·transitional epithelial cell[移行上皮细胞]
·squamous epithelial cell[鳞状上皮细胞]
·atypical cell[非典型细胞]
·RBC:1-2 per high power field(=RBC 1-2/HP) [每高倍视野有1-2个红细胞]
·cellular cast[细胞管型]
·RBC cast[红细胞管型]
·WBC cast[白细胞管型]
·pus cast[脓细胞管型]
·epithelial cast[上皮管型]
·fatty cast[脂肪管型]
·granular cast[颗粒管型]
·hyaling cast[透明管型]
·tube cast[肾小管型]
·urate cast[尿酸盐管型]
·waxy cast[蜡样管型]
·calcium oxalate crystal[草酸钙结晶]
·phospheate crystal[磷酸盐结晶]
·urate crystal[尿酸盐结晶]
·sulphanilamide crystal[磺胺结晶]
·bilirubin crystal[胆红素结晶]
·cholesterol crystal[胆固醇结晶]
·mucous threads[粘丝]
·spermatozoa[精子]
·trichomonas parasite[滴虫]
(6)化学成分[chemical composition]
·protein[蛋白质]
·albumin[白蛋白]
·Bence-Jone protein[本周氏蛋白]
·sugar[糖]
·ketobodies[酮体]
·acetone[丙酮]
·urobilinogen[尿胆原]
·occult blood test(OBT)[隐血试验]
·hemoglobin[血红蛋白]
·myoglobin[肌红蛋白]
·qualitative analysis of chyle[乳糜定性]
·amylase[淀粉酶]
(7)尿电解质测定[lytes]
·potassium assay[钾测定]
·sodium assay[钠侧定]
·chloride assay[氯测定]
·calcium assay[钙测定]
·magnesium assay[镁测定]
·inorganic phosphorus assay[无机磷测定]
(8)尿其他检查[the others]
·pregnance test[妊娠试验]
·recovery of parasite from urine[尿中找寄生虫]
·recovery of bacteria from urinary sediment[尿沉渣涂片找细菌]
·recovery of mycobacterium from urinary smear[尿涂片找抗酸杆菌]
·urinary three cups test[尿三杯试验]
·antibody coated bacteria[抗体包裹细菌]
·urinary lead assay[尿铅测定]
·Congo red test[刚果红试验]
·urinary protein electrophoresis[尿蛋白电泳]
·urinary protein disc electrophoresis[尿蛋白圆盘电泳]
·urinary fibrin (fibrinogen) degradation product(FDP)[尿纤维蛋白（原）降解产物]
·urinary complement 3(C3)[尿补体3]
·osmotic pressure assay[渗透压测定]
·bacterial count of urine[尿菌落计数]
13、脑脊液检查[CSF examination]
·pressure[压力]
·stookey test[压腹试验]
·clear[清晰]
·cloudy[混浊]
·pellicle formation[薄膜形成]
·bloody[血性]
·yellow[黄色]
·pink[粉红色]
·purulent[脓性]
·cell count[细胞计数]
·Pandy`s test[潘氏试验]
·protein electrophoresis[蛋白电泳]
·immunoglobulin assay[免疫球蛋白测定]
·glucose[葡萄糖]
·chloride[氯化物]
·LDH[乳酸脱氢酶]
·bacteria[细菌]
14、浆膜腔液检查[fluid examination]
·exfoliative cyte[脱落细胞]
·appearance[外观]
·specific gravity[比重]
·cell count[细胞计数]
·Rivalta test[李瓦他试验]
·protein[蛋白质]
·glucose[葡萄糖]
·LDH[乳酸脱氢酶]
·bacteria[细菌]
15、消化液检查[GI fluid examination]
·basal gastric quantity[基础胃液量]
·basal acid output(BAO)[基础排酸量]
·maximal acid output(MAO)[最大排酸量]
·total acidity[总酸度]
·free acid[游离酸]
·cell[细胞]
·bacteria[细菌]
·occult blood test[隐血试验]
·quantity[量]
·colour[颜色]
·transparancy[透明度]
·cell[细胞]
·crystal[结晶]
·ova[虫卵]
16、痰检查[sputum examination]
·sputum quantity[痰量]
·colour[颜色]
·viscosity[粘稠度]
·smell[气味]
·WBC[白细胞]
·RBC[红细胞]
·cancer cell[肿瘤细胞]
·lipophages[噬脂细胞]
·Charcot-Leyden`s crystal[夏科-雷登氏结晶]
·sputum smear[痰涂片]
17、精液和前列腺液检查[examination of seminal and prostate fluid]
·seminal fluid quantity[精液量]
·sperm count[精子计数]
·sperm morphology[精子形态]
·sperm motility[精子活动度]
·pH[酸碱度]
·lecithin body[卵磷脂小体]
·granular cell of prostate[前列腺颗粒细胞]
·cancer cell[癌细胞]
·bacteria[细菌]
18、细菌培养[culture]
·bacterial culture of blood[血培养]
·bacterial culture of stool[粪培养]
·urine culture[尿培养]
·bacterial culture of CSF[脑脊液培养]
·bacterial culture of sputum[痰液培养]
·swabs culture of pharynx and tonsil[咽喉及扁桃体拭子培养]
·swabs culture of nose[鼻拭子培养]
·swabs culture of ear[耳拭子培养]
·swabs culture of eye[眼部拭子培养]
·bacterial culture of gastric juice[胃液细菌培养]
·bacterial culture of bile[胆汁细菌培养]
·bacterial culture of pyogenic fluids[脓液培养]
·anaerobic bacteria culture[厌氧菌培养]
·spirochetes examination[螺旋体检查]
·fungi examination[真菌检查]
第十三章 辅助检查[Diagnostic examination]
1、X线检查[X-ray examination]
(1)肺[lung]
·clear[清晰]
·enlargement of hilar shadows[肺门阴影增大]
·increase of lung markings[肺纹理增粗]
·calcified[钙化灶]
·cavitation[空洞]
·circular lesion (coin lesion)[球形病灶]
·a minimal area of density[小块阴影区]
·scattered spot(plaque-like) shadows[散在的点（片）状阴影]
·a poorly defined patchy density[边界不清的片状阴影]
·a round density[圆形致密影]
·pleural thickening[胸膜增厚]
·hazziness(blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle[肋隔角模糊（变钝、消失）]
·elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement[横膈抬高、活动受限]
·encapsulated pleural effusion[包裹性胸腔积液]
·hydropneumothorax[液气胸]
·mediastinal displacement[纵膈移位]
·hilar haze[肺门模糊]
·increase of pulmonary hilar density[肺门密度增高]
·pulmonary venous stasis(infarction)[肺淤血（梗塞）]
·shadow[阴影性状]
·hazziness[淡的]
·clouding[云雾状]
·diffuse[弥漫的]
·veiling[面纱样]
·streaky[线状]
·patcky[絮状]
·nodular[结节状]
·massive[块状]
·miliary[粟粒状]
·confluent[融合状]
·homogeneous[均匀的]
(2)心脏[heart]
·left(right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement[左（右）房（室）增大]
·a tortuous and prolonged aorta[主动脉屈曲延长]
·“aortic type”(“mitral valve”)heart [主动脉型（二尖瓣型）心脏]
·bulging pulmonary artery segment[肺动脉段突出]
·a dilatation of the pulmonary artery[肺动脉扩张]
·general enlargement of the heart shadow[心影普遍增大]
·left(right) ventricular enlargement[左（右）心室增大]
·left(right) atrial dilatation[左（右）心房增大]
·boot-shaped heart[靴型心脏]
·calcification of aorta[主动脉钙化]
·waist of heart[心腰部]
·vertical (slender; asthenic;horizontal;oblique)heart[垂位（狭长型；无力型；横位；斜位）心]
(3)腹部平片[KUB film]
·calculus[结石]
·calcified shadow[钙化影]
·fluid levels with stepladder pattern[阶梯型液平]
·gas-fluid level[液气平面]
·subphrenic free air[膈下游离气体]
(4)胃肠道钡剂检查[barium enema examination]
·gastroenterography[胃肠造影]
·double contrast radiography[双重对比造影]
·es·ophageal peristalsis sign[食管蠕动征]
·duodenal flexure(impression)[十二指肠曲（压迹）]
·mucosal fold shadow of small intestine[小肠粘膜皱襞影]
·peristalsis and empting signs of colon[结肠蠕动与排空征]
·delayed gastric emptying time[胃排空时间延长]
·fasting retention of stomach[胃空腹潴留液]
·filling defect[充盈缺损]
·disappearance of the mucosal folds[粘膜皱襞消失]
·hypotonicity (hypertonicity)[张力减低（增高）]
·irritable cap[球部激惹现象]
·vigorous peristaltic activity( hyperperistalsis)[蠕动增强]
·bradydiastalsis[蠕动减弱]
·hypernakinesia[蠕动消失]
·accelerated(reduced) evacuation[排空加快（减缓）]
·skipping phenomenon[跳跃现象]
·broadened and tortuous mucosal fold[粘膜增宽和迂曲]
·flat mucosal fold[粘膜皱襞平坦]
(5)胆道[bile tract]
·oral cholecystography[口服胆囊造影]
·intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography[静脉胆管胆囊造影]
·trans-T-tube cholecystography[经T形管胆囊造影]
·percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography(PTC)[经皮肝穿刺胆管造影]
·dilated common duct[胆总管扩张]
·gallblader concentrated satisfactorily[胆囊浓缩功能良好]
·gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately[胆囊显影不好，浓缩功能差]
·contractibility[收缩功能]
(6)骨骼[skeleton]
·cortical thickening of bone[骨皮质增厚]
·“onion skin”appearance[洋葱皮样改变]
·periosteal reaction[骨膜反应]
·osteoporosis( rarefaction)[骨质疏松]
·ossification [骨化]
·deformity[畸形]
·shortening[缩短]
·displacement[移位]
·luxation[脱位]
·subluxation[半脱位]
·malunion[连接不正]
·greenstick fracture[青枝骨折]
·multiple fracture[多发性骨折]
·pathological fracture[病理性骨折]
·joint space[关节间隙]
·intervertebral space[椎间隙]
·calcification shadow of costal cartilage[肋软骨钙化影]
·osteomalacia(osteomalacosis)[骨质软化]
·hyperostosis osteosclerosis[骨质增生硬化]
·sequestrum[死骨]
·bone necrosis[骨质坏死]
·swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint[关节肿胀（破坏；退行性变）]
·ankytosis[关节强直]
·epiphyseal seperation[骨骺分离]
·good alignment[对线良好]
·good apposition[对位良好]
(7)泌尿系统[urological system]
·intravenous pyelography(IVP)[静脉肾盂造影]
·retograde pyelography[逆行肾盂造影]
·atrophy[萎缩]
·deformity[移位]
·distortion[扭曲]
·filling defect[充盈缺损]
·stricture[狭窄]
·opaque(translucent) stone[不透光的（透光的）结石]
(8)X线检查位置[X-ray]
·anteroposterior projection[前后位]
·postero-anterior(PA) projection[后前位]
·lateral projection[侧位]
·upright positin[立位]
·oblique projection[斜位]
·right (left)anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection[右(左)前斜位]
·anteroposterior oblique projection[前后斜位]
·lordotic position projection[前凸位]
·axial position[轴位]
·cranial projection[头位]
·caudal projection[尾位]
2、心电图[ECG/EKG]
·4：3 Atrioventricular block [4：3房室传导阻滞]
·Aberrant conduction[差异性传导]
·Abnormal T wave [T波异常]
·Absolute refractory period[绝对不应期]
·AC interference[交流电干扰]
·Accelerated idioventricular rhythm[加速性室性自主心律]
·Accelerated rhythm[加速性心律]
·Advanced A-V block[重度房室传导阻滞]
·Afterdepolarization[后除极]
·Amplitude[幅度]
·Anomalous atrioventricular conduction[异常房室传导]
·Anterior myocardial infarction[前壁心肌梗死]
·Antero-septal myocardial infarction[前间壁心肌梗死]
·Antigrade conduction[顺向传导]
·Anterolateral myocardial infarction[前侧壁心肌梗死]
·Arrest[停搏]
·Arrhythmia[心律失常]
·artifact[伪差]
·Asystole[停搏]
·Atria echo[房性回波]
·Atrial arrhyttmia[房性心律失常]
·Atrial enlargement[心房扩大]
·Atrial synchronous ventricular pacemaker[房室同步起搏器]
·Atrioventricular block[房室传导阻滞]
·Atrioventricular conduction ratio[房室传导比]
·Atrioventricular dissociation [房室分离]
·Atrioventricular junction[房室交界区]
·Atrioventricular node [房室结]
·Atropine test [阿托品试验]
·Augmented lead[加压导联]
·AV sequential pacemaker[房室顺序起搏器]
·AVNRT／A-V node re-entry tachycardia[房室结折返性心动过速]
·AVRT／A-V re-entry tachycardia[房室折返性心动过速]
·Baseline[基线]
·Bi-directional ventricular tachycardia[双向性室速]
·Bifascicular block [双分支阻滞]
·Bigeminy[二联律]
·Bipolar Lead[双极导联]
·Blocked PAC[房早未下传]
·Bradycardia[心动过缓]
·Brugada syndrome[布鲁加综合征]
·Bundle branch block[束支传导阻滞]
·Caliper[分规]
·Capture[夺获]
·Cardiac vector[心向量]
·Coarse atrial fibrillation[粗房颤]
·Compensatory pause [代偿间歇]
·Concealed conduction[隐匿性传导]
·Conduction system[传导系统]
·Corrected QT interval[校正QT间期]
·Coupling interval[配对间期]
·DDD pacemaker [DDD起搏器]
·Decremental conduction[递减性传导]
·Deflection[偏离]
·Delta wave [预激波]
·Double Masters exercise test [二级梯运动试验]
·Dual-chamber pacemaker[双腔起搏器]
·Ectopic beat [异位搏动]
·Electrical axis[电轴]
·Electrical vector[电向量]
·Electromechanical dissociation [电机械分离]
·End-diastolic PVC[舒张末期室早]
·Enhanced antomaticity[自律性增高]
·Escape rhythm[逸搏心律]
·Exit block[传出阻滞]
·Extensive anterior MI[广泛前壁心梗]
·f wave [f波]
·F wave [F波]
·Fascicular block[束支传导阻滞]
·Fibrillation[颤动]
·Fine atrial fibrillation[细房颤]
·First degree[一度]
·Flutter[扑动]
·Full compensatory pause[代偿间期完全]
·Fusion beat[融合波]
·High-degree atrioventricular block [高度房室传导阻滞]
·Holter[动态心电图]
·Idionodal rhythm[结性自主心律]
·Idioventricular[室性自主性]
·Imcomplete compensatory pause [代偿间歇不完全]
·Inferior MI[下壁心肌梗死]
·Interference and dissociation[干扰和脱节]
·Interpolated PVC[间位性室早]
·Inverted T wave [T波倒置]
·Irregular[不规则／不齐]
·J point [J点]
·Junctional escape rhythm[交界性逸搏心律]
·Lateral MI[侧壁心便]
·LBBB[左束支传导阻滞]
·Lead [导联]
·Left anterior fasicular block[左前分支阻滞]
·Left axis deviation [电轴左偏]
·Long Q-T syndrome[长Q-T综合征]
·Loose electrode [电极松动]
·Low voltage[低电压]
·Lown-Ganong-Levime syndrome [L-G-L综合征[
·LVH／Left Ventricular Hypertrophy[左室肥厚]
·Marked bradycardia[显著心动过缓]
·MI／Myocardial infarction [心肌梗死]
·Monophasic curve[单向曲线]
·Multifocal PVC[多源性室早]
·Multiform PVC [多形性室早]
·Multistage stress test[多级运动试验]
·Myocardial ischemia[心肌缺血]
·Nonconducted PAC[房早末下传]
·Non-Q wave MI[非Q波性心梗]
·Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia [非持续性室速]
·Nontransmural MI[非透壁性心梗]
·Normal sinus rhythm[正常窦性心律]
·P mitrale[二尖瓣型P波]
·P Pulmonale[肺型P波]
·PAC／Premature atrial contractions[房性早搏]
·Pacemaker rhythm[起搏心律]
·Paired PVC [成对室早]
·Para-systole[并行心律]
·Paroxysmal junctional(supraventricular)tachycardia [阵发性交界(室上)性心动过速]
·Peri-infarction block[梗死周围阻滞]
·Posterior MI[后壁心梗]
·P-P interval [P-P间期]
·P-R interval [PR间期]
·P-R segment [PR段]
·Precordial Leads [胸前导联]
·Preexcitation syndrome[预激综合征]
·Ptf value[心房终未电势]
·Pulseless electrical activity[无脉性电活动]
·PVC／Premature Ventricular Contractions[室性早搏]
·Q(q) wave [Q(q)波]
·QRS Complex [ORS波]
·QT interval [QT间期]
·Quadrigeminy[四联律]
·RBBB [右束支传导阻滞]
·Reciprocal rhythm[反复心律]
·Right axis deviation [电轴右偏]
·R-On-T phenomenon [R-on-T现象]
·R-R interval [R-R间期]
·RVH／Right Ventricular hypertrophy[右室肥厚]
·Second degree[二度]
·Secondary changes[继发性改变]
·Septal MI[间隔心梗]
·Sick sinus syndrome(SSS)[病态窦房结综合征]
·Sinoatrial block [窦房阻滞]
·Sinus arrest [窦性静止]
·Sinus arrhythmia[窦性心律不齐]
·Sinus bradycardia[窦性心动过缓]
·Sinus p wave [窦性P波]
·Sinus tachycardia[窦性心动过速]
·Speed of ECG paper[心电图纸走速]
·ST segment depression [ST段压低]
·Standard Limb Leads[标准肢体导联]
·Standstill[静止]
·Strain[劳损]
·Subepicardial ischemia [心外膜下缺血]
·Supraventricular[室上性]
·T wave [T波]
·Ta wave[心房复极波]
·Tachycardia[心动过速]
·TDP／Torsade de pointes [尖端扭转型室速]
·Third degree[三度]
·TP segment [TP段]
·Treadmill test[运动平板试验]
·Trifascicular block [三分支阻滞]
·Trigeminy[三联律]
·U wave [U波]
·Unifocal PVC [单源室早]
·VAT／Ventricular activation time [心室激动时间]
·Ventricular enlargement[心室扩大]
·Ventricular fibrillation [室性颤动]
·Ventricular flutter [室性扑动]
·VT／Ventricular tachycardia [室性心动过速]
·Vulnerable period[易损期]
·Wandering atrial pacemaker[心房起搏点游走]
·Wedensky effect[魏登斯基效应]
·Wedensky facilitation[魏登斯基易化]
·Wenckedach block[文氏阻滞]
·Wenckebach phenomenon[文氏现象]
·Wide QRS complex[宽QRS波]
·Wolff-Parkinson-White(W-P-W)syndrome[W-P-W综合征]
3、超声波[ultrasonograph]
·rare tiny reflection[稀疏微波]
·many tiny reflection[较密微波]
·dense tiny reflection[密集微波]
·high reflection[高波]
·tall reflection in bunches[高束波]
·distracting reflection in bunches[分散束波]
·fluffy reflection of high amplitude[绒毛样高波]
·bundles of irregular high reflection[杂乱高波]
·liquid flat segment[液平段]
·linear scan[线阵扫查]
·sector scan[扇形扫查]
·rcflection[反射]
·refraction[折射]
·multiple reflection[多重反射]
·artifact[伪象]
·internal echo[内部回声]
·central echo[中央回声]
·strong echo;hyperecho[强回声]
·high level echo[高回声]
·equal echo(isoecho)[等回声]
·low level echo( hypoecho,mildly echo)[低回声]
·echo free area( anechoic area,echoless area)[无回声区]
·echolucent area( sonolucent region)[透声区]
·dark area(silent gone)[暗区]
·solid area[实质区]
·liquify area[液化区]
·spotty echo[斑点回声]
·echogonic dotts[点状回声]
·acoustic window(AW)[声窗]
·homogenous[均匀性]
·inhomogenous[不均匀性]
·vegetation(Veg)[赘生物]
·hump sign[驼峰征]
·strong echo(SE)[强光团]
·double light hand[双光带]
·macaroni sign[通心面征（即双光带）]
·acoustic shadow(AS)[声影]
·double edge shadow[双边影]
·fluid-fluid level with floating material sign[液-液分层征]
·falls sign[瀑布征]
·dough sign[面团征]
·用手掌（指尖）触诊心尖搏动[palpate apical area with palm numbness (fingertips)]
·心前区隆起（凹陷）[precordial bulge (retraction)]
·搏动弥漫（局限）[diffuse (local) pulsation]
·负性搏动[inward inpulse]
·心尖搏动[apex beat (apical impulse)]
·剑突下搏动[xiphoideusal pulsaton]
·抬举性心尖搏动[heaving apex impulse]
·心尖搏动最强点[point of maximal impulse (PMI)]
·锁骨中线[mid-calvicular line (MCL)]
·肋间[intercostal space (ICS)]
·收缩（舒张）期震颤[systolic (diastolic) thrill]
·心浊音界[the border of cardiac dullnes]
·心绝对（相对）浊音界扩大（缩小）[enlarged (diminished) absolute (relative) cardiac dullness]
·叩诊心脏大小正常[heart size is normal on (to) percussion]
·心脏向左（右）扩大[cardiac dilation (enlargement) to the left (right)]
·第1（2、3、4）心音[S1(S2,S3,S4)]
·第1心音增强（减弱，听不清）[first heart sound is exaggerate (decreased, muffled)]
·生（病）理性杂音（分裂）[physiologic (pathological) murmur (splitting)]
·生理性（固定、反常、逆）分裂[physiologic (fixed, paradoxical, reversed) splitting]
·肺动脉瓣第2心音>(=，<)主动脉瓣第2心音[P2>(=，<)A2]
·大炮音[connon sound]
·心音消失[heart sound is absent (disapeared)]
·心音增强（减弱）[accentuated (diminished) cardiac sound]
·心音响亮（遥远）[cardiac sound is loud (distant)]
·收缩期（舒张期，连续性）杂音[systolic (diastolic, continuous) murmur]
·收缩（舒张）前（中、晚）期杂音[pre-(mid-, post) systolic (diastolic) murmur]
·全收缩期的[holosystolic(pansystolic)]
·全舒张期的[holodiastolic (pandiastolic)]
·低（高）音调[low (high) pitched]
·递减（递增，递减-递增）性杂音[decrescendo (crescendo, decrescendo-crescendo)murmur]
·呈喷射型[be ejection in type]
·Ⅳ级喷射型收缩期杂音[grade Ⅳ(I-Ⅳ/6) systolic ejection murmur]
·吹风样杂音[murmur of puffing character]
·低音调隆隆样[low-pitched rumbling quality]
·柔和（粗糙）的[soft (harsh or rough)]
·吹风样（喷射性、隆隆样、沙沙声样、搔抓声样、机器声样、汽笛声样、倒水声样）杂音[blowing (ejection, rumbling, rustting, scratching, machinary, whistling, pouring )murmur]
·功能性（器质性）杂音[functional (organic) murmur]
·血管（静脉）杂音[vascular (venous) murmur]
·枪击音[pistol shot sound]
·静脉营营音[venous hum]
·奔马律[gallop rhythm]
·胎心律[embryocardia]
·心律齐（不齐）[regular (irregular) rhythm]
·心律不齐[arrhythmia]
·二（三）联律[bigeminy (trigeminy)]
·早搏[premature (extrasystol)]
·喀嗽音[click]
·钟摆律[pendular rhythm]
·二尖瓣开瓣音[mitral opening snap]
·心包摩擦音[pericardial friction sound]
·听诊[on auscultation]
·二尖瓣（主瓣，肺瓣，三尖瓣）听诊区[mitral (aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid) valve area]
·心包叩击音[pericardial knock]
·肿瘤扑落音[tumor plop]
5、腹部[abdomen]
·腹（妊娠）纹[abdominal striae (striae gravidarum)]
·腹膨隆[abdominal distention (prominence)]
·腹平坦（凹陷）[abdominal flatness (retraction)]
·蛙状（球状、舟状）腹[frog(bulbous, scaphoid) belly (abdomen)]
·腹围增大[increased abdominal girth]
·肠型[intestinal pattern]
·梯形腹[ladder-shaped abdomen]
·胃（小肠）蠕动波[gastric (intestinal) peristaltic wave]
·静脉曲张[varicosity (dilated tortuous vein)]
·疤痕[scar]
·腹壁紧张（松驰）[guarding (abdominal muscular relaxation)]
·腹壁切口（创伤）[incision (wound) of abdominal wall]
·腹部分区[abdominal region]
·左（右）上（下）腹[left (right) upper (lower) quadrant]
·脐膨出[projection of the umbilicus]
·腹式呼吸[abdominal (diaphragmatic) breathing]
·腹壁松弛[lax abdominal wall]
·肝肿大[hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver)]
·脾肿大[splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen)]
·右肋下5厘米[5 cm below the right costal margin]
·肿块（肝）质硬[firm mass (liver)]
·莫菲氏征[murphy`s sigh]
·肌卫现象[muscle guarding (tension)]
·反跳痛[rebound tenderness]
·压痛点[tenderness point]
·剑突下压痛[tenderness beneath the xiphoid process]
·麦氏点压痛[McBurney`s point tenderness]
·腹肌强直（板状腹，板样强直）[rigor of abdominal muscle (wooden belly, board-like rigidity)]
·柔韧感[dough kneeding sensation]
·波动感[fluctuation]
·腹股沟疝[inguinofemoral hernia]
·腹壁反射[abdominal reflex]
·腹水征[sign of ascites]
·膀胱肿大[bladder expansion]
·膀胱区（脊肋角）压痛[tenderness of bladder region (costovertebral angle)]
·肾（肝）区叩击病[percussion tenderness on kidney (liver) region]
·移动性浊音[shifting dullness]
·鼓音[tympany(tampanitic resonance)]
·肝（脾）浊音区[hepatic (splenic)dullness area]
·肠鸣音正常（亢进、减弱、消失）[normal (hyperactive, diminished, absent) bowel sound]
·气过水声[gurgling]
·振水声[succusion (splashing) sound]
第九章 体检（神经、骨骼和肌肉）[Physical examination(nerve,skeleton and muscle)]
·痛（空间、触、视、震动、实体、立体、姿势、光、运动、味、温、色、平衡）[pain (space, tactil, visual, vibratory, strereognostic, proprioceptive, posture, light, kinesthetic, taste, thermic, color, equilibrium) sense]
·关节觉[arthresthesia]
·震动觉[seismesthesia]
·复合感觉[synaesthesia]
·听（位置，嗅）觉[sense of hearing (position, smell)]
·感觉异常（缺失，过敏，减退）[abnormal sensation (anesthesia, hyperesthesia, hypoesthesia)]
·半身感觉缺失[hemisensory defect]
·感觉迟钝（错乱）[dysesthesia (paresthesia)]
·感觉障碍（异常）[sensory disturbance (paraesthesia)]
·感觉正常[intact sensation (euesthesia)]
·痛觉过敏（减退）[hyperalgia (hypoalgia)]
·痛觉缺失[alganesthesia (analgesia)]
·嗅觉迟钝（减退，过敏）[amblyaphia (hypopselaphesia, hyperpselaphesia)]
·束带状感觉[girdle sensation]
·蚁走感[formication (creeping sensation)]
·瘫痪（偏瘫、单瘫、截瘫、四肢瘫）[paralysis (hemiplegia, monoplegia, 碍paraplegia, quadriplegia)]
·软（硬）瘫[soft (stiff) paralysis]
·周围（中枢）性瘫[peripheral (central) paralysis]
·轻瘫[paresis]
·交叉性（同向性）瘫[alternate (cojugate) paralysis]
·交叉瘫[crossed paralysis]
·痉挛性（弛缓性、癔病性、小儿）瘫（麻痹）[spastic (flaccid, hysterial, infantile) paralysis]
·重症肌无力[bulbospinal paralysis]
·扑翼样震颤[asterixis]
·手足搐搦[tetany]
·共济失调[ataxia]
·手足徐动症[athetosis]
·舞蹈样运动[choreiform movement (chorea)]
·肌颤[muscular fibrillation]
·肌阵挛[myoclonus]
·震颤麻痹[paralysis agitans (shaking palsy,Parkison`s disease)]
·颤动[tremor (twitch)]
·随意运动[voluntary movement]
·肌力正常（减退）[muscular power (myodynamia, myosthemic) is normal (decreased)]
·肌力消失[loss of power]
·左上肢肌力III度[3 degree in the left upper extrimity]
·肌无力[weakness of the muscle (amyosthenia, myasthenia)]
·肌张力减低[hypomyotonia (decreased muscular tone)]
· 痉挛性（强直性）肌张力增高[spastic (tonic) hypermyotonia (hypertonia of the muscle, increased muscular tone)]
·肌弛缓（肌张力缺失）[amyotonia]
·折刀现象[clasp knife]
·齿轮样强直[cogwheel rigidity]
·肌阵挛（痉挛）[muscular clonus (spasm)]
·摇摆（蹒跚、剪刀形、鸭走形、酒醉小脑病、摇曳、慌张）步态[swaying (reeling, scissors, waddling, drunken, cerebella, cow, festinating)gait]
·共济失调（共济运动，共济失调步态）[incoordination (coordinated movement, afaxic gait)]
·跛行步态（间歇性跛行）[claudication gait (intermittent claudication)]
·闭目难立试验（阳性，阴性）[Romberg`s sign (positive, negative)]
·摸空征[carphology]
·指鼻（指-指）试验[finger-nose(finger) test]
·轮替动作[alternate motion]
·跟膝胫试验[heel-knee-tibia test]
·生理（病理）反射[physiologic (pathologic) reflex]
·角膜（张口，结膜，咽，腭，眼睑，咳嗽，吞咽，对光，瞳孔）反射[corneal (gag, conjunctival, pharyngeal, palatal, lid, cough, deglutition, light, pupillary) reflex]
·腹壁反射[abdominal wall reflex]
·提睾（肛门）反射[cremasteric (anal) reflex]
·肱二（三）头肌反射[biceps (triceps) reflex]
·股二（四）头肌反射[biceps (quadricels) femories reflex]
·三角肌（伸肌）反射[deltoid (extensor) feflex]
·抓握（牵拉，吸吮，防御，条件）反射[grasp (stretch, sucking,protective, conditioned) reflex]
·跖（骨膜）反射[plantar (periosteal) reflex]
·跟腱反射[heel-tap (achilles tendon) reflex]
·拥抱反射[clasping (embrace, Moro`s) reflex]
·深（浅）反射[deep (superficial) reflex]
·压眶反射[reaction to pressure on the supraocular notch]
·桡骨膜反射[radioperiosteal reflex]
·膝（跟腱）反射[knee (achilles) jerk]
·反射活动协调[coordination of reflex action (activity)]
·反射亢进（减弱，消失）[hyperreflexia (hyporeflexia, areflexia)]
·亢进的[hypractive (increased, exaggerated)]
·减弱的[hypoactive (decreased, diminished)]
·消失的[absent (disappeared)]
·可疑的[questionable (equivocal)]
·跟（髌，趾，腕）阵挛[ankle (patella, toe, wrist) clonus]
·巴彬斯基（克尼格，奥本海姻，霍夫曼）征[Babinski (Kernig, Oppenheim, Hoffman) sign]
·拉塞格（布鲁金，戈登，查多克，岗达）征[Lasegue (Brudzinski, Gordon, Chaddock, Bonoda) sign]
·眼-心（竖毛）反射[oculo-cardiac (pilomotor) reflex]
·皮肤划痕征[dermographism]
·脑膜刺激征[sign of meningeal irritation]
·颈强直[stiff-neck]
·阳性（阴性）[postive (negative)]
·未引出[be not found (discovered, elicited)]
·失语（声）[aphasia (aphony)]
·言语缓慢（不清）[bradylalia (barylalia)]
·口吃（声嘶）[stuttering (hoarseness)]
·外展（内收）[abduction (adduction)]
·脊柱后（前，侧，前侧，后侧）凸[kyphosis (lordosis, scoliosis, lordoscoliosis, scoliokyphosis)]
·屈曲（前曲，背曲，腹侧屈曲）[flexion (anteflexion, dorsiflexion, ventriflexion)]
·旋转（旋前，旋后）[rotation (pronation, supination)]
·伸直（前弯，后弯，侧弯）[extension (forward bending, backward bending, lateral bending)]
·膝内（外）翻[genua varum (valgum)]
·髋内（外）翻[coxa vara (valga)]
·足内（外）翻[pes varus (valgus)]
·X（O）形腿[deformed X(O)-shaped leg]
·驼背[humpback (kyphosis, rachiocyphosis)]
·多（并）指[polydactylia (syndactyly)]
·关节僵硬[ankylosis (stiff-joint)]
·骨性强直[bony ankylosis]
·爪（扇）形手[claw (sector) hand]
·肢端肥大[acromegaly]
·杵状指[clubbing (clubbed finger)]
·跛行[limping]
·平足[flat foot (pes planus)]
·静脉曲张[varicose vein]
·静脉（蜂窝织）炎[phlebitis (cellulitis)]
·活动受限[limitation of motion]
·干（湿）性坏疽[dry (moist) gangrene]
·垂腕[wrist drop]
·梭形关节[fusiform articulus]
·浮髌现象[floating patella phenomenon]
·橡皮肿[elephantedema]
·肌萎缩[muscle atrophy]
·瘘管形成[sinus tract formation]
·蹼指（趾）[palmature and webbed toe]
·关节挛缩[contracture of joint]
·凹陷（非凹陷）性水肿[pitting (non-pitting) edema]
·关节变形（融合）[joint deformity (fusion)]
·关节全（半）脱位[complete dislocation (subluxation of joint)]
·关节肿大（肿胀）[arthrocele (arthroncus)]
·关节活动障碍[articular dyskinesia]
第十章 体检（泌尿生殖道与其他）[Physical examination(urology ,obstetrics and the others)]
·包皮过长（包茎）[prepuce redundant (phimosis)]
·包皮水肿[preputial edema]
·包皮嵌顿[paraphimosis]
·阴茎糜烂（疤疹，损伤，折断，溃疡，血肿）[erosion (herpes, injury, fracture, ulcer, hematoma) of penis]
·阴茎粗大（特小，缺如）[coarseness (hypersmall, absence) of penis]
·阴茎发育不全[agenesis of penis]
·阴茎软下疳（菜花样肿块）[chancroid (cauliflower like mass) of penis]
·阴茎异常勃起[styma]
·阴囊湿疹（水肿，血肿，肿大，橡皮肿，溃疡）[eczema (edema, hematoma, swelling, elephantiasis, ulcer) of scrotum]
·阴囊疝[scrotal hernia]
·腹股沟斜疝[indirect inguinal hernia]
·阴囊空虚（静脉曲张，肿块）[scrotal empty(varices, mass)]
·睾丸不发育（发育不全）[agenesis (dysgenesis) of testis]
·睾丸挫伤（损伤）[contusion (injury) of testis]
·睾丸畸形[teratism of testis]
·睾丸萎缩（缺如，肿大）[atrophy (absence, swelling) of testis]
·睾丸过小[microtestis]
·睾丸未降[undescended testicle]
·隐睾[cryptorchid]
·睾丸异位[parorchidium]
·睾丸扭转[torsion of testis]
·睾丸血肿[hematoma of testis]
·睾丸鞘膜积液[hydrocele]
·腹股沟的[inguinal]
·尿道口[orifice of urethra]
·尿道下裂 [hypospadius]
·尿道出血[urethremorrhage]
·尿道脓性分泌物[purulent secretion of urethra]
·索状结构[cord structure]
·精索静脉曲张[varicocele]
·透光试验[transillumination test]
·双（三）合诊[bimanual (trimanual) examination]
·阴道指诊[vaginal touch]
·外阴白斑干燥(橡皮肿，囊肿)[vulval leukoplakia(xerosis, elephantiasis, cyst)]
·外阴溃疡（下疳，创伤，过度角化，瘙痒，湿疹，血肿）[ulcer(chancre, trauma, hyperkeratosis, pruritus, eczema, hematoma ) of vulva]
·外阴会阴破裂[vulvoperineal rupture]
·幼稚型[infantile typer]
·已婚外阴[marital outlet]
·处女膜完整[intact hymen]
·恶露[lochia]
·白带[leucorrhea]
·水样（血性，脓性）阴道分泌物[watery (bloody, purulent) vaginal discharge]
·宫颈涂片（活检）[cervical smear (biopsy)]
·宫颈触痛[cervical tenderness]
·子宫后位（侧位，下垂）[retroposition (latero-location, ptosis) of uterus]
·子宫发育不良[hypoplasia of uterus]
·未产（多产）式子宫（子宫颈）[nulliparous (multipara) uterus (cervix)]
·宫颈糜烂[erosion of cervix]
·宫颈刮片[cervical scraping smear]
·宫颈肥大（白斑，裂伤，难产）[cervical hypertrophy (leukoplakia, laceration, dystocia)]
·宫颈扩张[dilatation of cervix]
·宫颈息肉[cervical polyp]
·宫颈视诊[cervical inspection]
·前（后）倾位[in anteversion (retroversion) position]
·前（后）屈[anteflexion (retroflexion)]
·萎缩（肥厚）[atrophy (hypertrophy)]
·处女膜闭锁[atresia of hymen(imperforate hymen)]
·处女膜裂伤[hymenal laceration]
·处女膜破裂[repture of hymen]
· 阴道狭窄（血肿、闭锁，囊肿，缺失）[stenosis (hematoma, atresia, cyst, absence) of vagina]
·阴道疤痕（裂伤、损伤、肿瘤）[vaginal scar (laceration, injury, tumor)]
·阴道出血[colporrhagia (vaginal bleeding)]
·阴道干燥（积血，破裂）[colpoxerosis(hematocolpos, colporrhexis)]
·阴道尖锐湿疣[condyloma acuminata of vagina]
·阴道镜检查[colposcopy]
·阴道疝（水肿，脱垂）[colpocele (colpedema, vaginocele)]
·阴道壁膨出[vaginal wall protruding]
·阴道积液[vaginal dropsy]
·第一（二）性征[primary (secondary) sex characteristies]
·阴蒂出血（肥大）[clitorrhagia (clitoridauxe)]
·巴氏（前庭大）腺增大[Bartholins gland enlargement]
·产前检查[antenatal care]
·骨盆测量[pelvimetry]
·出口横径[transverse outlet diameter]
·骨盆入（出）口狭窄[contracted pelvic inlet (outlet)]
·骨盆畸形（骨折，损伤）[deformity (fracture, injury) of pelvis]
·髂棘间径[IS (interspinous diameter)]
·髂嵴间径[IC (intercristal diameter)]
·粗隆间径[IT (intertrochanteric diameter)]
·骶耻外径[EC (external conjugate)]
·骶耻内径[DC (diagonal conjugate)]
·坐骨结节间径[ischial intertuberal diameter]
·头盆不相称[CPD(cephalopelvic disproportion)]
·胎心音（率，律）[fetal heart sound (rate, rhythm)]
·胎位[fetal position]
·左（右）枕前位[left (right) occipito-anterior (LOA/ROA)]
·左（右）枕横位[left (rihgt) occiput transverse (LOT/ROT)]
·左（右）枕后位[left (rihgt) occiput posterior (LOP/ROP)]
·左骶（颏，肩）前位[left sacrum (mental, acromion) anterior (LSA/LMA/LAA)]
·宫底[fundus]
·在脐与耻骨联合之间[between the symphysis pubis and the umbilicus]
·脐上[above the umbilicus]
·剑突下[below the xiphoid process]
·如妊娠6个月大小[be enlarged as a 6-mouth gestation]
·胎先露[fetal presentation]
·横产位[acromio-iliac presentation]
·头（面，足，膝，肩，臀，臂）先露[head (face, foot ,knee, shoulder, breech, arm, funis) presentation]
·脐带异常[abnormality of umbilical cord]
·脐带过长（短）[long (short) cord]
·脐带缠绕（绕颈）[cord entanglement (cord aound neck)]
·脐带水肿（打结，扭转，胱垂，缠绕）[edema (knot, torsion, prolapse, winding) of umbilical cord]
·前置胎盘[placenta previa]
·胎盘早期剥离[premature separation of placenta (placental abruption)]
·胎盘部分残留[placenta remnants]
·胎盘滞留[retention of placenta]
·胎盘粘连[placenta adherence]
·胎盘嵌顿[incarcerated placenta]
·胎头入盆[engagement of head]
·胎动[fetal movement]
·胎粪（毛、膜）[meconium (down, fetal membrane)]
·胎膜早破[premature rupture of fetal membrane]
·宫缩（乏力，无力）[uterine contraction (uterine inertia, uterine atony)]
·宫缩不良[inefficient uterine action]
·过期妊娠[prolonged pregnancy (graviditas)]
·分娩[delivery (labor, childbirth, parturition)]
·见红[bloody show]
·羊水过多（过少）[hydramnios (oligoamnios)]
·死产（宫内死亡）[stillbirth (fetal death)]
·双胞胎[twins]
·宫外孕[ectopic pregnancy]
·产道异常（损伤，裂伤）[abnormality (injury, laceration) of birth canal]
·产后出血[postpartum hemorrhage]
·窥阴器[speculum]
·穹窿[vault (fornix)]
·肛瘘[anal fistula]
·肛裂[anal fissure]
·肛门脓肿（湿疹，出血）[abscess (eczema, hemorrhage) of anus]
·肛周脓肿（感染，瘙痒）[perianal abscess (infection, pruritus)]
·肛门反射[anal reflex]
·肛门缺如[anal agenesis (anus absence)]
·肛门闭锁[imperforate anus]
·脱肛[proctoptosis]
·直肠内触痛[rectum tenderness]
·肛门和直肠内波动感[wave sense in anus and rectum]
·直肠指检[digital examination of the rectum]
·直肠闭锁[rectal atresia]
·直肠（乙状结肠）镜[proctoscopy (sigmoidoscopy)]
·直肠（多发性）息肉[(multiple) polypus recti (proctopolypus)]
·直肠后间隙脓肿[retrorectal abscess]
·直肠瘘（破裂）[rectal fistula (rupture)]
·直肠膨出[rectocele]
·直肠狭窄[rectostenosis]
·直肠阴道隔（瘘）[rectovaginal septum (fistula)]
·内（外，混合）痔[internal (external, mixed) hemorrhoids]
·括约肌张力正常[normal sphincter tone]
·肛管[anal canal]
第十一章 标准化病人体检项目[COMPLETE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION CHECKLIST
(standard patient, SP)]
1、一般检查/生命体征[GENERAL EXAMINATION/VITAL SIGNS]
·向病人介绍自己的姓名，职责。通过简短交谈，了解病人的精神状态
·检查前洗手
·让病人取坐位
·检查桡动脉脉搏至少30秒，并记录
·检查脉搏对称性
·计数呼吸频率至少30秒，并记录
·测量右上臂血压
·将袖带缚于上臂正确位置
·触诊肱动脉
·测量血压两次，记录较低值
·Introduce yourself to patient, usually last name and title and have a little
conversation to relax the patient and to judge mental state.
·Wash hands before starting examinagion
·Patient is seated in a chair
·Palpate radial (wrist) pulses for at least 30 seconds and record
·Palpate both radial (wrist) pulses simultaneously for symmetry
·Measure respiratory rate for at least 30 seconds and record
·Measure blood pressure on right arm
·Place cuff in correct location 2-3 cm above the antecubital crease
·Palpate brachial artery
·Measure blood pressure over brachial artery twice and record the lower reading
2、头部和颈部[HEAD AND NECK]
（1）头颅[Skull]
·检查头颅（分开头发观察）
·Palpate and observe scalp (parting hair, and observing hair density, color,lustre and distribution)
（2）眼[Eyes]
·检查视力
·检查角膜、下份巩膜、结膜和泪囊：置拇指于下睑中份，轻轻向下按下睑，请病人向上看
·检查上份巩膜及球结膜：置拇指于上睑中份，轻轻向上牵拉上睑，请病人向下看
·面神经（第Ⅶ对颅神经）上支运动功能的检查，皱眉、皱额或紧闭双目
·检查双眼眼外肌六个方向运动功能
·瞳孔直接对光反射
·检查调节反射
·Visual screening
·Observe cornea, sclera, conjunctive and lacrimal puncta by gently moving lower eyelids down.
·Observe sclera and bulbar conjunctiva by gently elevating upper eyelid while patient looks down
·Check cranial nerve(cr n) Ⅶ upper division:raised eyebrows, wrinkle forehead or forced eyelid closing.
·Evaluate extraocular muscle function in both eyes in 6 directions (left, upper left, and lower left, right, upper right, lower right)
·Observe pupillary direct response to light
·Observe pupillary consensual response to light
·Check for convergence and accommodation
（3）检眼镜检查[OPhthalmoscopic Examination]
·调整病人者坐位高度，以检查者感觉舒适为宜
·关暗室内光线，以利观察眼内情况
·正确握持检眼镜
·右手持检眼镜站在右前方，用右眼检查受检者的右眼
·左手持镜眼镜站在左前方，用左眼检查受检者的左眼
·调整方位开始检查
·用检眼镜检查角膜、晶状体和玻璃体
·观察眼底视乳头及其周围视网膜
·检查四个象限的视网膜血管
·检查黄斑（嘱受检查注视光源）
·Position patient at height comfortable for examiner
·Dim lights of room
·Hold ophthalmoscope properly and use index finger to switch lenses
·To examine patient`s right eye, examiner holds ophthalmoscope with right hand and uses right eye
·To examine patient`s left eye, examiner holds ophthalmoscope with left hand and uses left eye
·Position to start ophthalmoscopic examination
·Inspect cornea, lens, and vitreous body for opacity with ophthalmoscope
·Inspect optic disc (color, margin, etc.)
·Trace retinal vessels in four quadrants
·Observe macula (patient asked to look directly at light of ophthalmoscope)
（4）耳及颞下颌关节[Ears]
·观察和触诊双侧耳廓及周围
·触诊双侧颞下颌关节，注意有无肿胀及触痛
·双手指置于耳屏前或稍插入外耳道，检查颞颌关节的运动
·用手稍向后上方牵拉耳廓，使外耳道变直，以便插入耳镜
·插入耳镜观察鼓膜
·使受检查者不感疼痛
·检查听力
·用适当方法分别检查双耳听力
·Observe and palpate the auricles and observe postauricular regions bilaterally
·Palpate temporomandibular joint for tenderness and swelling
·Feel the movement of the TMJ with index fingers inside examinee`s ears or over joint
·Gently pull auricle upward and backward to ease insertion of otoscope
·Insert otoscope into external auditory meatus to observe tympanic membrane
·Insert otoscope without causing pain to the patient
·Evaluate auditory acuity
·Use proper technique to check auditory acuity separately in each ear
（5）鼻[Nose]
·观察及触诊外鼻有否畸形，压痛等
·观察鼻前庭（不用鼻镜，可用电筒）
·插入鼻镜观察前庭、中隔、鼻甲及鼻粘膜。检查过程中，病人头部逐渐后仰
·分别压闭一侧鼻孔，令病人吸气，检查其通气情况
·按压双侧上颌窦区，有无肿痛
·按压双侧额窦区，有无肿痛
·Inspect and palpate external nose for malformation and inflammation
·Observe nasal vestibule without otoscope
·Turn the tip of the nose upwards and insert the tip of the speculum to inspect nasal vestibule and anterior part of nasal cavity for ulcer, crust, swelling, discharge, atrophy or perforation
·Test patency by inhaling through each nostril separately while the opposite nostril is held occluded
·Palpate and/or percuss maxillary sinus for swelling and tenderness
·Palpate and/or percuss frontal sinus for swelling and tenderness
（6）口腔、唇、咽[Mouth, Lips, Pharynx]
·检查唇、颊粘膜、牙、牙龈、舌
·检查口底
·检查口咽部有无充血、肿胀及溢脓
·嘱受检者向前伸舌，观察有无偏歪以检查第Ⅶ对颅神经功能
·嘱受检者露齿、鼓腮或吹口哨，以检查第Ⅻ对颅神经功能
·检查咬肌肌力，嘱受检者对抗阻力张口
·检查三叉神经感觉支（至少2/3部位）
·暴露和观察颈部
·Observe lips, buccal mucosa, teeth, gums and tongue
·Observe the floor of mouth
·Inspect the posterior structures of the mouth for congestion, swelling or pus, position of uvula, and elevation of the palate
·Observe midline protrusion of the tongue(cr n Ⅻ)
·Show teeth, puff out cheeks or purse lips (lower division of cr n Ⅶ)
·Test contraction of masseter (jaw) muscle or forced opening of mouth against resistance (motor division cr n V)
·Test for facial sense of pain and touch (must check at least 2 out of 3 sensory divisions for cr n V)
·Expose neck correctly to observe appearance and skin of neck
（7）淋巴结[Lymph nodes]
·触诊耳前淋巴结：双侧耳前区
·触诊耳后淋巴结：双侧耳后区
·触诊枕后淋巴结：枕外隆凸下方
·触诊下颌下淋巴结：屈曲手指于下颌骨内侧触诊
·触诊颏下淋巴结：屈曲手指于颏下中线处触诊
·触诊颈前淋巴结浅组：位于乳突下，胸锁乳肌前缘浅表处
·触诊颈后淋巴结：位于胸锁乳突肌后缘浅表处
·触诊锁骨上淋巴结：屈曲手指在锁骨与胸锁乳突肌之间的交角处触诊
·Palpate preauricular nodes (front of ears)
·Palpate post-auricular nodes (back of ears)
·Palpate occipital nodes (base of skull)
·Palpate submaxillary nodes (by bending finger under patient`s jaw)
·Palpate submental nodes (by bending finger under patient`s chin)
· Palpate anterior cervical nodes (superficial group under mastoid and the front of sternomastoid muscle)
·Palpate posterior cervical nodes (behind sternomastoid muscle)
·Palpate supraclavicular nodes (by bending finger above patient`s collarbone)
（8）甲状腺[Thyroid gland]
·用双指触摸甲状软骨，检查其移动度及有无疼痛
·用双手从患者前面或后面在正确部位触诊甲状腺
·触摸甲状腺狭部、配合吞咽动作
·触摸甲状腺侧叶、配合吞咽动作
·Palpate and/or move thyroid cartilage with two fingers checking for malformation and movability
·Palpate thyroid in correct anatomical location in front of or behind the patient with both hands
·Palpate isthmus of thyroid with and without swallowing
·Palpate thyroid gland(lobes) with and without swallowing
（9）颈动脉、气管[Carotid Artery and Trachea]
·触诊颈动脉
·检查气管位置
·Gently palpate carotid artery(bilaterally)
·Palpate the position of trachea
（10）颈椎运动[Movement of Cervical Spine]
·屈曲
·后伸
·侧弯（耳—肩运动）
·旋转（颏—肩运动）
·嘱受检者对抗阻力作头部旋转或耸肩以检查第Ⅺ对颅神经功能
·Flexion (actively, if possible; if abnormal, do passively)
·Extension (actively, if possible; if abnormal, do passively)
·Lateral bending [ear-to-shoulder]; (actively, if possible; if abnormal, do passively)
·Rotation (chin-to-shoulder), (actively, if possible; if abnormal, do passively)
·Test rotation of patient`s head against resistance or check resistance of shrugged shoulders (cr n XI)
3、上肢[UPPER LIMBS]
·正确暴露上肢
·Expose upper limbs
（1）手[Hands]
·观察手掌、手背，触诊双手各关节
·检查双手及指甲，有无紫绀和杵状指
·伸展手指
·弯曲近指间和远指间关节呈爪状
·握拳
·拇指对掌运动
·检查远端肌力
·Inspect dorsa and palms and palpate all joints of hand
·Check fingernails for clubbing or cyanosis
·Ask patient to extend fingers
·Ask patient to make a claw
·Ask patient to make a fist
·Check patient`s ability to perform thumb opposition
·Check for distal muscle strength
（2）腕[Wrist]
·触诊双手腕有无肿块、水肿、畸形和压痛
·背伸
·掌曲
·Observe and palpate wrist (for lumps, swelling, deformities, and tenderness)
·Extension of wrist (bend backward)
·Flexion of wrist (bend forward)
（3）肘[Elbow]
·触诊鹰嘴和肱骨髁状突
·触诊滑车上淋巴结
·屈肘
·检查上臂肌力
·伸肘
·旋前和旋后
·Palpate olecranon process and epicondyles
·Palpate epitrochlear lymph nodes
·Flexion
·Check for upper arm muscle strength
·Extension
·Pronation and supination (with elbows locked at patient`s side)
（4）肩[Shoulder]
·触诊双肩
·功能检查（三个过筛试验：一手越过头顶触摸对側耳朵；双臂上举，双手置于后枕；一手从背后触及对侧肩胛下角）
·检查上肢近端肌力
·检查触觉或痛觉（至少2/3部位）
·贝勒氏（Barre`s）上肢轻瘫试验（闭眼）
·Palpate both shoulders
·Functional examination (3 screening maneuvers: hand over head to opposite ear, hands behind head, touch lower border of opposite scapula)
·Check for proximal muscle strength
·Test sense of pain or touch:at least 2 of 3 positions (upper arm, forearm, & hand) on each upper extremity bilaterally and symmetrically
·Barre`s upper limb test (test for drift of outstretched arms with eyes closed)
（5）腱反射[Deep Tendon Reflexes(The reflexes should be checked bilaterally and both sides com-pared.)]
·肱二头肌反射
·肱三头肌反射
·桡骨骨膜反射
·Biceps reflex
·Triceps reflex
·Brachioradialis reflex
（6）共济运动[Coordination]
·快速轮替动作
·指鼻试验（睁眼）
·指鼻试验（闭眼）
·Rapid alternating movement
·Finger to nose test (with open eyes)
·Finger to nose test (with closed eyes)
4、背部[BACK]
·正确暴露背部
·逐个触诊脊柱棘突，检查有无畸形、压痛
·逐个叩击脊椎棘突（或用间接叩击法）检查有无叩痛
·检查肾区压痛和叩击痛
·检查胸廓活动度和对称性
·嘱受检者稍前倾，双上肢交叉，双手分别置于对侧肩部
·叩诊后胸部
·双侧对称地叩诊后胸部
·叩诊肺下界移动范围
·嘱受检者轻微张口作深呼吸
·听诊后胸部
·双侧对称地听诊后胸部
·听觉语音（耳语音）
·Expose the back correctly
·Palpate spinous processes one by one (check for scoliosis and tenderness)
·Test for percussion pain of spinal column one by one (or by indirect method)
·Test CVA for kidney tenderness by pressure and indirect fist percussion
·Palpate thoracic expansion and symmetry
·Have patient cross arms in front and touch opposite shoulder
·Percuss posterior lung fields
·Percuss posterior lung fields comparatively and symmetrically
·Measure diaphragmatic excursion
·Instruct the patient to breathe a little deeply with mouth open slightly
·Auscultate posterior lung fields
·Auscultate comparatively and symmetrically
·Vocal audible resonance
5、乳房（女性）[BREASTS (FEMALE)]
·充分暴露双侧乳房
·坐位（或站立位）观察乳房
·前倾位观察乳房
·双臂高举过头观察乳房
·用手指掌面以适当压力触诊右乳房
·按内上、外上、尾部、内下、外下顺序触诊右乳房，至少4/5部位
·触诊右乳晕及乳头，注意乳头溢液
·用手指掌面以适当压力触诊左乳房
·按内上、外上、尾部、内下、外下顺序触诊左乳房，至少4/5部位
·触诊左乳晕及乳头，注意乳头溢液
·教检者作乳房自我检查
·检查受检者右腋窝
·触诊右腋窝5群淋巴结
·检查受检者左腋窝
·触诊左腋窝5群淋巴结
·Expose both breasts completely
·Inspect both breasts symmetrically in sitting position
·Inspect both breasts symmetrically with patient leaning forward
·Inspect both breasts symmetrically with arms raised above head
·Inspect both breasts symmetrically with hands on hips and squeeze
·Palpate patient`s right breast with pads of fingers of right hand, applying gentle pressure
·Palpate right breast in the 5 following areas;superinternal, superlateral, tail, inferinternal, inferlateral (at least 4 of 5 parts of the breast should be palpated)
·Palpate nipples, areola, attempt to express discharge from nipple
·Palpate patient`s left breast with pad of fingers and palm, applying gentle pressure.
·Palpate left breast in the folloing areas:superinternal, superlateral, tail, inferinternal, inferlateral.
·Palpate nipples, areola, attempt to express discharge from nipple.
·Teach patient breast self-examination.
Axillary Examinaton
·Inspect the patient`s right axilla.
·Palpate chains of lymph nodes on right:top , medial, anterior, posterior, lateral
·Inspects patients left axilla
·Palpate chains of lymph nodes on left: tcp, medial, anterior, posterior, lateral.
6、前胸和肺[ANTERIOR CHEST AND LUNGS]
·视、触胸部
·双侧对称地叩诊肺尖
·叩诊前胸和侧胸
·双侧对称地听诊肺尖
·听诊前、侧胸部
·Inspect and palpate configuration and symmetry of chest
·Percuss supraclavicular fossae bilaterally and symmetrically
·Percuss anterior and lateral lung fields
·Auscultate supraclavicular fossae bilatcrally and symmetrically
·Auscultate anterior and lateral lung fields.
7、心脏[HEART]
·嘱受检者仰卧，粗略估计颈静脉压
·观察心前区（取切线方向）
·用手掌、手指触诊心尖搏动
·用手掌触诊心前区
·叩诊心脏相对浊音界
·Screening test for elevated venous pressure.
·Observe precordium (view tangentially)
·Palpate apical area with palm and fingertips
·Palpate precordial area with palm
·Percuss relative dullness of the heart
（1）用膜型胸件听诊[Auscultate with diaphragm]
·肺动脉瓣区（胸骨左缘第2肋间隙）
·主动脉瓣区（胸骨右缘第2肋间隙）
·主动脉瓣第二听诊区（胸骨左缘第3、4肋间隙）
·二尖瓣区（心尖部）
·三尖瓣区（胸骨左缘第4、5肋间隙或胸骨体下端稍偏右）
·Pulmonary area (second left ICS)
·Aortic area (second right ICS)
·Second aortic area (third and fourth left ICS)
·Mitral area (Apical area)
·Tricuspid area (fourth, fifth left ICS, LSB and RSB)
（2）用钟型胸件听诊[Auscultate with bell]
·肺动脉瓣区
·主动脉瓣区
·主动脉瓣第二听诊区
·二尖瓣区
·三尖瓣区
·Pulmonary area
·Aortic area
·Second aortic area
·Mitral area (Apical area)
·Tricuspid area
8、腹部[ABDOMEN]
·正确暴露腹部
·头下置一小枕，嘱受检者屈膝、尽量放松腹肌、双上肢置于躯干两侧，平静呼吸
·视诊腹部
·听诊肠鸣音
·叩诊腹部
·叩诊肝浊音界
·触诊腹部时应注意受检者面部表情及退缩反应
·浅部触诊
·深部触诊
·单手法触诊肝脏
·双手法触诊肝脏
·在前正中线触诊肝脏
·双手法触诊脾脏
·右侧卧位触诊脾脏
·双手触诊法检查双侧肾脏
·检查腹部的触觉和痛觉
·Expose abdomen completely from just below breasts to just above pubis
·Place pillow under head, bend knees, arms at side, have patient breathe normally.
·Observe abdomen.
·Auscultate for bowel sounds, place stethoscope in area of umbilicus
·Percuss abdomen
·Percuss liver span
·Watch patient`s face and response as you palpate abdomen
·Palpate superficially
·Palpate deeply
·Palpate liver at midclavicular with monomanual method.
·Palpate liver at midclavicular line with bimanual method
·Palpate liver at midsternal line
·Palpate spleen with bimanual method
·Palpate spleen with patient rolled toward his right side.
·Palpate kidneys with bimanual method
·Test for pain of light touch on abdominal wall
9、下肢[LOWER LIMBS]
·充分暴露和视诊双下肢
·触诊双侧腹股沟浅表淋巴结（横组）
·触摸双侧腹股沟浅表淋巴结（纵组）
·触诊双侧股动脉
·触诊双侧足背动脉
·检查双下肢水肿
·检查下肢触觉或痛觉（至少2/3部位）
·Expose and inspect lower limbs
·Palpate transverse group of superficial groin lymph nodes
·Palpate longitudinal group of superficial groin lymph nodes
·Femoral artery (groin)
·Dorsalis pedis artery (top of foot)
·Check for pitting edema
·Test for sense of pain or light touch in at least 2 or 3 positions
（1）髋[Hips]
·屈髋
·内旋和外旋运动
·检查下肢近端肌力
·Check flexion of the hip
·Check internal/external rotation of the hip
·Check proximal muscle strength
（2）膝[Knee]
·检查髌骨运动
·屈膝
·检查膝周肌力
·触诊膝关节
·检查膝反射
·Examine movement of patella
·Flexion of knee
·Check for muscle strength around knee
·Palpate the knee joint
·Test knee jerk
（3）踝[Ankle]
·触诊踝关节（包括跟腱）
·检查双下肢远端肌力
·背屈和跖屈
·内翻和外翻
·Palpate ankle joint including Achilles tendon
·Check for distal muscle strength
·Check movement at tibial-talar joint (dorsiflexion-plantar flexion)
·Check movement at subtalar joint (eversion-inversion)
（4）足[Foot]
·屈趾和伸趾
·检查双足位置觉
·检查跟腱反射
·检查跖反射
·罗姆伯格征（Romberg征即闭目难立征）检查
·步态观察
·Flexion of toes (curl toes) and extension of toes (straighten toes)
·Test position sense in both feet
·Ankle jerk
·Plantar reflex
·Perform Romberg test
·Check gait (arms swinging at side)
（5）腰椎运动[Movement of lumbar spine]
·俯屈
·仰伸
·侧弯
·旋转
·Flexion
·Extension
·Lateral bending
·Rotation
第十二章 实验室检查[Lab]
1、血液细胞学检查（examination of blood cell）
·全血细胞[complete blood cell (CBC)]
·血常规检查[blood routine examination]
·红（白）细胞计数[red (white) blood cell (RBC/WBC) count]
·网织红细胞（血小板，嗜酸粒细胞）计数[reticulocyte (platelet, eosinocyte) count]
·血红蛋白[hemoglobin (HB)]
·红细胞比积[hematocrit (HCT)]
·白细胞分类[WBC differential count]
·平均红细胞容积[mean corpuscular count]
·平均红细胞血红蛋白含量[mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)]
·平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度[mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)]
·皱缩（裂片，棘形，泪滴状，球形，椭圆形）红细胞[crenocyte (schistocyte, acanthocyte, cacryocyte, spherocyte, elliptocyte)]
·靶形（镰刀形）红细胞[target (sickle) cell]
·中毒颗粒[toxic granulation]
·中性粒细胞核左（右）移[neutrophil shift to the left (right)]
·血沉[erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)]
·空泡（核）变性[vacuolation (degeneration of nucleus)]
·卡搏环[Cabot`s ring]
·染色质小体[Howell-Jolly body]
·嗜碱性粒细胞[basophilic granulocyte]
·单核（淋巴）细胞[monocyte (lymphocyte)]
·中性分叶（杆状）核粒细胞[neutrophilic segmented (stab) granulocyte]
2、骨髓细胞学检查[examination of marrow cell]
·myeloblast[原粒细胞]
·promyelocyte[早幼粒细胞]
·myelocyte[中幼粒细胞]
·metamyelocyte[晚幼粒细胞]
·band granulocyte[杆状核粒细胞]
·polymorphonuclears[多形核粒细胞]
·neutrophil granulocyte[中性粒细胞]
·basophil granulocyte[嗜碱性粒细胞]
·eosinophil granulocyte[嗜酸性粒细胞]
·pronormoblast[原红细胞]
·basophilic pronormoblast[早幼红细胞]
·polychromatophilic normoblast[中幼红细胞]
·orthochromatic normoblast[晚幼红细胞]
·lymphoblast[原淋巴细胞]
·prolymphocyte[幼淋巴细胞]
·lymphocyte[淋巴细胞]
·monoblast[原单核细胞]
·promonocyte[幼单核细胞]
·monocyte[单核细胞]
·plasmablast[原浆细胞]
·proplasmacyte[幼浆细胞]
·plasmacyte[浆细胞]
·megakaryoblast[原巨核细胞]
·promegakaryocyte[幼巨核细胞]
·granular megakaryocyte[颗粒巨核细胞]
·platelet-producing megakaryocyte[产血小板巨核细胞]
·iron staining of bone marrow smear[骨髓铁染色]
·peroxidase staining megakaryocyte[产血小板巨核细胞]
·iron staining of bone marrow smear[骨髓铁染色]
·peroxidase staining(POX)[过氧化酶染色]
·Sudan black staining(SB)[苏丹黑染色]
·alkaline phosphatase staining(ALP)[碱性磷酸酶染色]
·acid phosphatase staining(ACP)[酸性磷酸酶染色]
·nonspecific esterase(NSE)[非特异性酯酶]
·heated normal saline test[热盐水溶解试验]
·ink phagocytosis test[墨汁吞噬试验]
·lysozyme staining[溶菌酶染色]
3、贫血的检查[examination of anemia]
·serum iron assay[血清铁测定]
·total iron binding capacity assay[总铁结合力测定]
·serum ferritin assay[血清铁蛋白测定]
·serum transferrin assay[血清转铁蛋白测定]
·vitamin B12 assay[维生素B12测定]
·folic acid assay[叶酸测定]
·osmotic fragility test of erythrocytes[红细胞渗透脆性试验]
·biochemical assay of pyruvate kinase[丙酮酸激酶的生化测定]
·methemoglobin reduction test[高铁血红蛋白还原试验]
·brilliant cresyl blue reduction test[煌焦油蓝还原试验]
·reduced glutathione assay(GSH)[还原型谷胱甘肽测定]
·glutathione stability test[谷胱甘肽稳定试验]
·Heinz bodies staining[变性珠蛋白小体染色]
·heat instability test[热不稳定试验]
·isopropanol stability test[异丙醇试验]
·RBC sickling test[红细胞镰变试验]
·hemoglobin C test[血红蛋白C试验]
·Hb absorption spectrum determination[血红蛋白吸收光谱测定]
·hemoglobin electrophoresis[血红蛋白电泳]
·anti human globulin test (Coombs test)[抗人球蛋白试验]
·cold agglutinin assay[冷凝集素测定]
·cold hemolytic test (Donath-Landsteiner test)[冷溶血试验]
·heat hemolysis test[热溶血试验]
·measurement of free Hb levels in plasma[血浆游离血红蛋白测定]
·urinary hemosiderin determination (Rous test)[尿含铁血黄素检查]
4、出血和凝血的检查[examination of hemostasis and coagulation]
·platelet count[血小板计数]
·bleeding time (BT)[出血时间]
·capillary fragility test[毛细血管脆性试验]
·examination of capillary in nail fold with microscopy[甲床毛细血管镜检查]
·assay of malondaldehyde for determination of platelet life-span[丙二醛法测定血小板寿命]
·platelet adhesiveness test(PAdT)[血小板粘附性试验]
·platelet aggregation test (PagT)[血小板聚集性试验]
·platelet factor assay[血小板因子测定]
·β-thromboglobulin (β-TG)assay[β-血小板球蛋白测定]
·thromboxane A2(TXA2)assay[血小板血栓烷A2测定]
·clot retraction quantitative assay[血块收缩定量测定]
·coagulation time (CT)[凝血时间]
·factor Ⅷ coagulant activity [因子Ⅷ凝血活性测定]
·prothrombin time(PT)[ 凝血酶原时间]
·recalcification time (RT)[复钙时间]
·activated coagulation time(ACT)[活化的凝血时间]
·kaolin partial thromboplastin time (KPTT)[白陶土部分凝血活酶时间]
·stypven time(ST)[蛇毒时间测定]
·fibrin peptide A (FPA)[纤维蛋白肽]
·fibrin plate test[纤维蛋白平板溶解试验]
·plasma plasminogen assay[血浆纤溶酶原测定]
·thrombin time (TT)[凝血酶时间]
·paracoagulation test[副凝试验]
·staphylococcal clumping test (SCT)[萄葡球菌聚集试验]
·immunological assay of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products[纤维蛋白（原）降解产物的免疫学测定]
·D-dimer fragments assay[D-二聚体测定]
·α2-macroglobulin (α2-MG)assay[α2-巨球蛋白测定]
·antithrombin Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)assay[抗凝血酶Ⅲ测定]
5、肾功能检查[nephric function examintion]
·non-protein nitrogen (NPN)assay[非蛋白氮测定]
·urea nitrogen assay[尿素氮测定]
·creatinine assay(Cr)[肌酐测定]
·endogenous creatinine clearance test[内生肌酐清除试验]
·phenolsulfonphthalein excretion test (PSP)[酚红排泄试验]
·Masenthal`s test[莫氏试验]
·radionucleorenogram[放射性核素肾图]
6、肝功能检查[liver function examination]
·serum transaminase[血清转氨酶]
·glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)[谷丙转氨酶]
·glutamic oxalo-acetic transaminase (GOT)[谷草转氨酶]
·serum alkaline phosphatase (S-AKP)[血清碱性磷酸酶]
·serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme[血清碱性磷酸酶同功酶]
·serum gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (S-r-GT)[血清r-谷氨酰转肽酶]
·serum monoamine oxidase (S-MAO)[血清单胺氧化酶]
·serum cholinesterase (S-ChE)[血清胆碱酯酶]
·serum ceruloplasmin[血清铜蓝蛋白]
·serum α1 -antitrypsin (S-α1AT)[血清α1抗胰蛋白酶]
·serum protein[血清蛋白]
·albumin[白蛋白]
·globulin[球蛋白]
·serum cholesterol esters[血清胆固醇酯]
·blood ammonia[血氨]
·serum bilirubin[血清胆红素]
·serum bile acid[血清胆汁酸]
7、其他[the others]
·lunch test[试餐试验]
·serum amylase[血清淀粉酶]
·uric amylase[尿淀粉酶]
·serum lipase[血清脂肪酶]
·serum methemalbumin[血清高铁血白蛋白]
·serum total cholesterol(CHOL)[血清总胆固醇]
·serum triglyceride(TG)[血清甘油三酯]
·serum high density lipoprotein(HDL)[血清高密度脂蛋白]
·serum low density lipoprotein (LDL)[血清低密度脂蛋白]
·serum free fatty acids(FFA)[血清游离脂肪酸]
·serum creatin phosphokinase (S-CPK)[血清肌酸磷酸激酶]
·serum CPK isoenzymes[血清肌酸磷酸激酶同功酶]
·serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(S-GOT)[血清谷草转氨酶]
·serum lactate dehydrogenase(S-LDH)[血清乳酸脱氢酶]
·serum LDH isoenzymes[血清乳酸脱氢酶同功酶]
·serum potassium [血清钾]
·血清钠[serum sodium]
·serum chloride[血清氯]
·serum calcium[血清钙]
·inorganic phosphorum[无机磷]
·serum magnesium[血清镁]
·examination of malarial parasite from blood (bone marrow)smear[血（骨髓）涂片找原虫]
·filaria examination from blood[血中找丝虫]
·vitamin A assay[维生素A测定]
·vitamin B1 assay[维生素B1测定]
·vitamin B2assay[维生素B2测定]
·Nicotinic acid assay[烟酸测定]
·vitamin B6 assay[维生素B6]
·vitamin B12 assay[维生素B12]
·vitamin C assay[维生素C测定]
·vitamin E assay[维生素E测定]
·blood grouping [血型鉴定]
·cross matching[交叉配合]
·transfusion[输血]
·A blood group[A血型]
·B blood group[B血型]
·AB blood group[AB血型]
·O blood group[O血型]
·Rh blood group[Rh 血型]
8、内分泌试验[endocrine test]
·luteinizing hormone(LH)[黄体生成素]
·thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)[促甲状腺激素]
·growth hormone(GH)[生长激素]
·prolactin[催乳素]
·adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)[促肾上腺皮质激素]
·follicular stimulating hormone(FSH)[卵泡剌激素]
·serum protein-bound iodine assay(PBI)[血清蛋白结合碘测定]
·total 3,5,3`,5`-tetraiodothyronine(TT4)[总甲状腺素]
·total 3,5,3`-triiodothyronine(TT3)[总三碘甲状腺原氨酸]
·determina-tion of free T4and free T3[游离甲状腺素和游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸测定]
·thyroxine-binding globulin as-say[甲状腺素结合球蛋白测定]
·thyroidal uptake rate of 131I[甲状腺摄131碘率]
·T3 suppression test[三碘甲状腺原氨酸抑制试验]
·thyroid scintiscan[甲状腺闪烁扫描]
·basal metabolic rate(BMR)[基础代谢率]
·parathyroid hormone assay[甲状旁腺激素测定]
·determination of calcitonin[降钙素测定]
·urine 17-ketosteroids assay(17-KS)[尿17-酮类固醇测定]
·urine 17-hydroxycorticosteroids assay(17-OHCS)[尿17-羟皮质类固醇测定]
·urine free cortisol assay[尿游离皮质醇测定]
·plasma cortisol assay[血浆皮质醇测定]
·aldosterone assay[醛固酮测定]
·corticosterone assay[皮质酮测定]
·urine pregnanetriol assay[尿孕三醇测定]
·ACTH stimulating test[促肾上腺皮质激素兴奋试验]
·dexamethasone suppression test[地塞米松抑制试验]
·urine catecholamine assay[尿儿茶酚胺测定]
·urine vanillyl mandelic acid(VMA)[尿香草基杏仁酸]
·testosterone assay[睾酮测定]
·estradiol assay[雌二醇测定]
·blood glucose assay[血糖测定]
·glucose tolerance test(GTT)[葡萄糖耐量试验]
·insulin releasing test[胰岛素释放试验]
·serum C-peptide assay[血清C肽测定]
·glucagon assay[胰升血糖素测定]
·glycosylated hemoglobin assay[糖化血红蛋白测定]
·plasma renin activity assay[血浆肾素活性测定]
·5-hydroxytryptamine assay[5-羟色胺测定]
·cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)[环磷酸腺苷测定]
·cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)[环磷酸鸟苷测定]
·prostaglandin assay(PG)[前列腺素测定]
9、免疫学检查[immunological examination]
·HbsAg[乙型肝炎表面抗原]
·HbeAg[乙型肝炎e抗原]
·anti-HBs[乙型肝炎表面抗体]
·anti-HBc[乙型肝炎核心抗体]
·anti-Hbe[乙型肝炎e抗体]
·heterophil agglutination test[嗜异性凝集试验]
·EB virus capsid antigen-lgA(VCA-lgA)[EB病毒壳抗原igA抗体]
·immunofluorescent anti-body test for epidemic hemorrhagic fever[流行性出血热免疫荧火抗体试验]
·Weil-Felix reaction[外裴氏反应]
·complement fixation test for Q fever[Q热补体结合试验]
·cold agglutination test[冷凝集试验]
·widal`s reaction[肥达氏反应]
·Brucella agglutination test[布氏杆菌凝集试验]
·antistreptolysin-O(ASO)[抗链球菌溶血素“O”]
·serological test for syphilis[梅毒血清学试验]
·Wassermann reaction[华氏反应]
·[康氏试验Kahn test]
·agglutination hemolysis test for leptospirosis[钩端螺旋体病血清凝集溶解试验]
·intradermal test for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病皮内试验]
·circumoval precipitin test for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病环卵沉淀试验]
·cercarien hullen reaction for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病尾蚴膜反应]
·indirect hemagglutination test for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病间接血凝试验]
·enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病酶联免疫吸附试验]
·intradermal test for paragonimiasis[肺吸虫病皮内试验]
·casoni`s intradermal test[包虫病皮内试验]
·serum C-reactive protein(CRP)[血清C反应蛋白]
·α-fetoprotein(AFP)[甲种胎儿蛋白]
·carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)[癌胚抗原]
·E-rosette formation test[E花环形成试验]
·lymphocyte transformation test(LTT)[淋巴细胞转化试验]
·macrophage migration inhibition test(MMIT)[巨噬细胞移动抑制试验]
·EAC-rosette formation test[EAC花环形成试验]
·netroblue tetrazalium (NBT) reduction test[硝基蓝四氮唑还原试验]
·determination of macrophage phagocytic function[巨噬细胞吞噬功能测定]
·mixed lymphocytes culture test (LCT)[混合淋巴细胞培养试验]
·serum immunoglobulin assay(Ig)[血清免球蛋白测定]
·lg G[免疫球蛋白G]
·lg A[免疫球蛋白A]
·Ig M[免疫球蛋白M]
·Ig D[免疫球蛋白D]
·Ig E[免疫球蛋白E]
·cryoglobulin test[冷球蛋白试验]
·complement assay[补体测定]
·circulating immune complex assay (CIC)[循环免疫复合物测定]
·antinuclear antibodies assay(ANA)[抗核抗体测定]
·anti-double-stranded DNA anti-body[抗双链DNA抗体测定]
·examination of lupus erythematosis cell(LE cell)[红斑狼疮细胞检查]
·rheumatoid factors assay(RF)[类风湿因子测定]
·antismooth muscle antibodies assay(SMA)[抗平滑肌抗体]
·antimitochondrial antibodies(AMA)[抗线粒体抗体]
·anti-parietal cell antibody(PCA)[抗胃壁细胞抗体]
·anti-myocardial antibody[抗心肌抗体]
·antithyroid antibodies[抗甲状腺抗体]
10、血气分析[blood gas assay]
·blood PH[血PH]
·partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)[二氧化碳分压]
·carbon dioxide combining power(CO2CP)[二氧化碳结合力]
·standard bicarbonate(SB)[标准碳酸氢盐]
·actual bicarbonate(AB)[实际碳酸氢盐]
·buffer base(BB)[缓冲碱]
·base excess(BE)[剩余碱]
·total carbon dioxide(T CO2)[二氧化碳总量]
·oxygen content(O2-C)[氧含量]
·partial pressure of oxygen(PO2)[氧分压]
·oxygen saturation(O2sat or SaO2)[血氧饱和度]
11、大便检查[stool examination]
(1)exterior[外观]
·formed[成形的]
·dry[干的]
·soft[软的]
·loose[稀的]
·watery[水样的]
·liquid[液状]
·sheep-dung[羊粪状]
·yellow[黄的]
·black[黑的]
·acholic[无胆色的]
·tarry[柏油样]
·bloody[血性]
·fatty[脂肪性]
·rice water[米汤样]
·mucous[粘液性]
·mucopurulent[粘液脓性]
·undigested[不消化的]
（2）镜检[microscopy]
·RBC[红细胞]
·WBC[白细胞]
·pus cell[脓细胞]
·phagocyte[吞噬细胞]
·ova count[虫卵计数]
·hatching test[卵化试验]
·concentration of ovae[集卵试验]
·ova of roundworm[蛔虫卵]
·ova of hookworm[钩虫卵]
·ova of pinworm[蛲虫卵]
·ova of whipworm[鞭虫卵]
·ova of schistosoma[血吸虫卵]
·ova of clonorchis sinensis[华支睾吸虫卵]
·ova of fasciolopsis[姜片虫卵]
·ova of tapeworm[绦虫卵]
·trichominad[滴虫]
·trophozoites and cysts of entamoeba hestolytica[溶组织内阿米巴滋养体及包囊]
·Endameba coli[结肠阿米巴]
·trophozoites and cysts of Giardia lamblia[蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫滋养体及包囊]
·Charcot-Leyden`s crystals[夏科—雷登氏结晶]
(3)化学检查[chemical examination]
·occult blood test(OBT)[隐血试验]
·coproporphyrins[粪卟啉]
·fecal urobilin qualitative test[粪胆素定性试验]
12、小便检查[urine examination]
(1)colour[颜色]
·light yellow[淡黄]
·milky[乳白]
·bloody[血性]
·red[红色]
·thick tea in color[浓茶状]
(2)transparency[透明度]
·clear[清晰]
·cloudy[混浊]
(3)smell[气味]
·ammoniacal smell[氨味]
·apple smell[苹果味]
·putrid smell[腐臭味]
(4)acid or alkaline[酸碱性]
·acid[酸性]
·alkaline[碱性]
·PH urinary [尿PH]
(5)microscopy[镜检]
·high power lens(HP)[高倍镜]
·low power lens(LP)[低倍镜]
·RBC[红细胞]
·WBC[白细胞]
·pus cell[脓细胞]
·epithelial cell[上皮细胞］
·small round epithelial cell[小圆上皮细胞]
·renal tubular epithelial cell[肾小管上皮细胞]
·transitional epithelial cell[移行上皮细胞]
·squamous epithelial cell[鳞状上皮细胞]
·atypical cell[非典型细胞]
·RBC:1-2 per high power field(=RBC 1-2/HP) [每高倍视野有1-2个红细胞]
·cellular cast[细胞管型]
·RBC cast[红细胞管型]
·WBC cast[白细胞管型]
·pus cast[脓细胞管型]
·epithelial cast[上皮管型]
·fatty cast[脂肪管型]
·granular cast[颗粒管型]
·hyaling cast[透明管型]
·tube cast[肾小管型]
·urate cast[尿酸盐管型]
·waxy cast[蜡样管型]
·calcium oxalate crystal[草酸钙结晶]
·phospheate crystal[磷酸盐结晶]
·urate crystal[尿酸盐结晶]
·sulphanilamide crystal[磺胺结晶]
·bilirubin crystal[胆红素结晶]
·cholesterol crystal[胆固醇结晶]
·mucous threads[粘丝]
·spermatozoa[精子]
·trichomonas parasite[滴虫]
(6)化学成分[chemical composition]
·protein[蛋白质]
·albumin[白蛋白]
·Bence-Jone protein[本周氏蛋白]
·sugar[糖]
·ketobodies[酮体]
·acetone[丙酮]
·urobilinogen[尿胆原]
·occult blood test(OBT)[隐血试验]
·hemoglobin[血红蛋白]
·myoglobin[肌红蛋白]
·qualitative analysis of chyle[乳糜定性]
·amylase[淀粉酶]
(7)尿电解质测定[lytes]
·potassium assay[钾测定]
·sodium assay[钠侧定]
·chloride assay[氯测定]
·calcium assay[钙测定]
·magnesium assay[镁测定]
·inorganic phosphorus assay[无机磷测定]
(8)尿其他检查[the others]
·pregnance test[妊娠试验]
·recovery of parasite from urine[尿中找寄生虫]
·recovery of bacteria from urinary sediment[尿沉渣涂片找细菌]
·recovery of mycobacterium from urinary smear[尿涂片找抗酸杆菌]
·urinary three cups test[尿三杯试验]
·antibody coated bacteria[抗体包裹细菌]
·urinary lead assay[尿铅测定]
·Congo red test[刚果红试验]
·urinary protein electrophoresis[尿蛋白电泳]
·urinary protein disc electrophoresis[尿蛋白圆盘电泳]
·urinary fibrin (fibrinogen) degradation product(FDP)[尿纤维蛋白（原）降解产物]
·urinary complement 3(C3)[尿补体3]
·osmotic pressure assay[渗透压测定]
·bacterial count of urine[尿菌落计数]
13、脑脊液检查[CSF examination]
·pressure[压力]
·stookey test[压腹试验]
·clear[清晰]
·cloudy[混浊]
·pellicle formation[薄膜形成]
·bloody[血性]
·yellow[黄色]
·pink[粉红色]
·purulent[脓性]
·cell count[细胞计数]
·Pandy`s test[潘氏试验]
·protein electrophoresis[蛋白电泳]
·immunoglobulin assay[免疫球蛋白测定]
·glucose[葡萄糖]
·chloride[氯化物]
·LDH[乳酸脱氢酶]
·bacteria[细菌]
14、浆膜腔液检查[fluid examination]
·exfoliative cyte[脱落细胞]
·appearance[外观]
·specific gravity[比重]
·cell count[细胞计数]
·Rivalta test[李瓦他试验]
·protein[蛋白质]
·glucose[葡萄糖]
·LDH[乳酸脱氢酶]
·bacteria[细菌]
15、消化液检查[GI fluid examination]
·basal gastric quantity[基础胃液量]
·basal acid output(BAO)[基础排酸量]
·maximal acid output(MAO)[最大排酸量]
·total acidity[总酸度]
·free acid[游离酸]
·cell[细胞]
·bacteria[细菌]
·occult blood test[隐血试验]
·quantity[量]
·colour[颜色]
·transparancy[透明度]
·cell[细胞]
·crystal[结晶]
·ova[虫卵]
16、痰检查[sputum examination]
·sputum quantity[痰量]
·colour[颜色]
·viscosity[粘稠度]
·smell[气味]
·WBC[白细胞]
·RBC[红细胞]
·cancer cell[肿瘤细胞]
·lipophages[噬脂细胞]
·Charcot-Leyden`s crystal[夏科-雷登氏结晶]
·sputum smear[痰涂片]
17、精液和前列腺液检查[examination of seminal and prostate fluid]
·seminal fluid quantity[精液量]
·sperm count[精子计数]
·sperm morphology[精子形态]
·sperm motility[精子活动度]
·pH[酸碱度]
·lecithin body[卵磷脂小体]
·granular cell of prostate[前列腺颗粒细胞]
·cancer cell[癌细胞]
·bacteria[细菌]
18、细菌培养[culture]
·bacterial culture of blood[血培养]
·bacterial culture of stool[粪培养]
·urine culture[尿培养]
·bacterial culture of CSF[脑脊液培养]
·bacterial culture of sputum[痰液培养]
·swabs culture of pharynx and tonsil[咽喉及扁桃体拭子培养]
·swabs culture of nose[鼻拭子培养]
·swabs culture of ear[耳拭子培养]
·swabs culture of eye[眼部拭子培养]
·bacterial culture of gastric juice[胃液细菌培养]
·bacterial culture of bile[胆汁细菌培养]
·bacterial culture of pyogenic fluids[脓液培养]
·anaerobic bacteria culture[厌氧菌培养]
·spirochetes examination[螺旋体检查]
·fungi examination[真菌检查]
第十三章 辅助检查[Diagnostic examination]
1、X线检查[X-ray examination]
(1)肺[lung]
·clear[清晰]
·enlargement of hilar shadows[肺门阴影增大]
·increase of lung markings[肺纹理增粗]
·calcified[钙化灶]
·cavitation[空洞]
·circular lesion (coin lesion)[球形病灶]
·a minimal area of density[小块阴影区]
·scattered spot(plaque-like) shadows[散在的点（片）状阴影]
·a poorly defined patchy density[边界不清的片状阴影]
·a round density[圆形致密影]
·pleural thickening[胸膜增厚]
·hazziness(blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle[肋隔角模糊（变钝、消失）]
·elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement[横膈抬高、活动受限]
·encapsulated pleural effusion[包裹性胸腔积液]
·hydropneumothorax[液气胸]
·mediastinal displacement[纵膈移位]
·hilar haze[肺门模糊]
·increase of pulmonary hilar density[肺门密度增高]
·pulmonary venous stasis(infarction)[肺淤血（梗塞）]
·shadow[阴影性状]
·hazziness[淡的]
·clouding[云雾状]
·diffuse[弥漫的]
·veiling[面纱样]
·streaky[线状]
·patcky[絮状]
·nodular[结节状]
·massive[块状]
·miliary[粟粒状]
·confluent[融合状]
·homogeneous[均匀的]
(2)心脏[heart]
·left(right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement[左（右）房（室）增大]
·a tortuous and prolonged aorta[主动脉屈曲延长]
·“aortic type”(“mitral valve”)heart [主动脉型（二尖瓣型）心脏]
·bulging pulmonary artery segment[肺动脉段突出]
·a dilatation of the pulmonary artery[肺动脉扩张]
·general enlargement of the heart shadow[心影普遍增大]
·left(right) ventricular enlargement[左（右）心室增大]
·left(right) atrial dilatation[左（右）心房增大]
·boot-shaped heart[靴型心脏]
·calcification of aorta[主动脉钙化]
·waist of heart[心腰部]
·vertical (slender; asthenic;horizontal;oblique)heart[垂位（狭长型；无力型；横位；斜位）心]
(3)腹部平片[KUB film]
·calculus[结石]
·calcified shadow[钙化影]
·fluid levels with stepladder pattern[阶梯型液平]
·gas-fluid level[液气平面]
·subphrenic free air[膈下游离气体]
(4)胃肠道钡剂检查[barium enema examination]
·gastroenterography[胃肠造影]
·double contrast radiography[双重对比造影]
·es·ophageal peristalsis sign[食管蠕动征]
·duodenal flexure(impression)[十二指肠曲（压迹）]
·mucosal fold shadow of small intestine[小肠粘膜皱襞影]
·peristalsis and empting signs of colon[结肠蠕动与排空征]
·delayed gastric emptying time[胃排空时间延长]
·fasting retention of stomach[胃空腹潴留液]
·filling defect[充盈缺损]
·disappearance of the mucosal folds[粘膜皱襞消失]
·hypotonicity (hypertonicity)[张力减低（增高）]
·irritable cap[球部激惹现象]
·vigorous peristaltic activity( hyperperistalsis)[蠕动增强]
·bradydiastalsis[蠕动减弱]
·hypernakinesia[蠕动消失]
·accelerated(reduced) evacuation[排空加快（减缓）]
·skipping phenomenon[跳跃现象]
·broadened and tortuous mucosal fold[粘膜增宽和迂曲]
·flat mucosal fold[粘膜皱襞平坦]
(5)胆道[bile tract]
·oral cholecystography[口服胆囊造影]
·intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography[静脉胆管胆囊造影]
·trans-T-tube cholecystography[经T形管胆囊造影]
·percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography(PTC)[经皮肝穿刺胆管造影]
·dilated common duct[胆总管扩张]
·gallblader concentrated satisfactorily[胆囊浓缩功能良好]
·gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately[胆囊显影不好，浓缩功能差]
·contractibility[收缩功能]
(6)骨骼[skeleton]
·cortical thickening of bone[骨皮质增厚]
·“onion skin”appearance[洋葱皮样改变]
·periosteal reaction[骨膜反应]
·osteoporosis( rarefaction)[骨质疏松]
·ossification [骨化]
·deformity[畸形]
·shortening[缩短]
·displacement[移位]
·luxation[脱位]
·subluxation[半脱位]
·malunion[连接不正]
·greenstick fracture[青枝骨折]
·multiple fracture[多发性骨折]
·pathological fracture[病理性骨折]
·joint space[关节间隙]
·intervertebral space[椎间隙]
·calcification shadow of costal cartilage[肋软骨钙化影]
·osteomalacia(osteomalacosis)[骨质软化]
·hyperostosis osteosclerosis[骨质增生硬化]
·sequestrum[死骨]
·bone necrosis[骨质坏死]
·swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint[关节肿胀（破坏；退行性变）]
·ankytosis[关节强直]
·epiphyseal seperation[骨骺分离]
·good alignment[对线良好]
·good apposition[对位良好]
(7)泌尿系统[urological system]
·intravenous pyelography(IVP)[静脉肾盂造影]
·retograde pyelography[逆行肾盂造影]
·atrophy[萎缩]
·deformity[移位]
·distortion[扭曲]
·filling defect[充盈缺损]
·stricture[狭窄]
·opaque(translucent) stone[不透光的（透光的）结石]
(8)X线检查位置[X-ray]
·anteroposterior projection[前后位]
·postero-anterior(PA) projection[后前位]
·lateral projection[侧位]
·upright positin[立位]
·oblique projection[斜位]
·right (left)anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection[右(左)前斜位]
·anteroposterior oblique projection[前后斜位]
·lordotic position projection[前凸位]
·axial position[轴位]
·cranial projection[头位]
·caudal projection[尾位]
2、心电图[ECG/EKG]
·4：3 Atrioventricular block [4：3房室传导阻滞]
·Aberrant conduction[差异性传导]
·Abnormal T wave [T波异常]
·Absolute refractory period[绝对不应期]
·AC interference[交流电干扰]
·Accelerated idioventricular rhythm[加速性室性自主心律]
·Accelerated rhythm[加速性心律]
·Advanced A-V block[重度房室传导阻滞]
·Afterdepolarization[后除极]
·Amplitude[幅度]
·Anomalous atrioventricular conduction[异常房室传导]
·Anterior myocardial infarction[前壁心肌梗死]
·Antero-septal myocardial infarction[前间壁心肌梗死]
·Antigrade conduction[顺向传导]
·Anterolateral myocardial infarction[前侧壁心肌梗死]
·Arrest[停搏]
·Arrhythmia[心律失常]
·artifact[伪差]
·Asystole[停搏]
·Atria echo[房性回波]
·Atrial arrhyttmia[房性心律失常]
·Atrial enlargement[心房扩大]
·Atrial synchronous ventricular pacemaker[房室同步起搏器]
·Atrioventricular block[房室传导阻滞]
·Atrioventricular conduction ratio[房室传导比]
·Atrioventricular dissociation [房室分离]
·Atrioventricular junction[房室交界区]
·Atrioventricular node [房室结]
·Atropine test [阿托品试验]
·Augmented lead[加压导联]
·AV sequential pacemaker[房室顺序起搏器]
·AVNRT／A-V node re-entry tachycardia[房室结折返性心动过速]
·AVRT／A-V re-entry tachycardia[房室折返性心动过速]
·Baseline[基线]
·Bi-directional ventricular tachycardia[双向性室速]
·Bifascicular block [双分支阻滞]
·Bigeminy[二联律]
·Bipolar Lead[双极导联]
·Blocked PAC[房早未下传]
·Bradycardia[心动过缓]
·Brugada syndrome[布鲁加综合征]
·Bundle branch block[束支传导阻滞]
·Caliper[分规]
·Capture[夺获]
·Cardiac vector[心向量]
·Coarse atrial fibrillation[粗房颤]
·Compensatory pause [代偿间歇]
·Concealed conduction[隐匿性传导]
·Conduction system[传导系统]
·Corrected QT interval[校正QT间期]
·Coupling interval[配对间期]
·DDD pacemaker [DDD起搏器]
·Decremental conduction[递减性传导]
·Deflection[偏离]
·Delta wave [预激波]
·Double Masters exercise test [二级梯运动试验]
·Dual-chamber pacemaker[双腔起搏器]
·Ectopic beat [异位搏动]
·Electrical axis[电轴]
·Electrical vector[电向量]
·Electromechanical dissociation [电机械分离]
·End-diastolic PVC[舒张末期室早]
·Enhanced antomaticity[自律性增高]
·Escape rhythm[逸搏心律]
·Exit block[传出阻滞]
·Extensive anterior MI[广泛前壁心梗]
·f wave [f波]
·F wave [F波]
·Fascicular block[束支传导阻滞]
·Fibrillation[颤动]
·Fine atrial fibrillation[细房颤]
·First degree[一度]
·Flutter[扑动]
·Full compensatory pause[代偿间期完全]
·Fusion beat[融合波]
·High-degree atrioventricular block [高度房室传导阻滞]
·Holter[动态心电图]
·Idionodal rhythm[结性自主心律]
·Idioventricular[室性自主性]
·Imcomplete compensatory pause [代偿间歇不完全]
·Inferior MI[下壁心肌梗死]
·Interference and dissociation[干扰和脱节]
·Interpolated PVC[间位性室早]
·Inverted T wave [T波倒置]
·Irregular[不规则／不齐]
·J point [J点]
·Junctional escape rhythm[交界性逸搏心律]
·Lateral MI[侧壁心便]
·LBBB[左束支传导阻滞]
·Lead [导联]
·Left anterior fasicular block[左前分支阻滞]
·Left axis deviation [电轴左偏]
·Long Q-T syndrome[长Q-T综合征]
·Loose electrode [电极松动]
·Low voltage[低电压]
·Lown-Ganong-Levime syndrome [L-G-L综合征[
·LVH／Left Ventricular Hypertrophy[左室肥厚]
·Marked bradycardia[显著心动过缓]
·MI／Myocardial infarction [心肌梗死]
·Monophasic curve[单向曲线]
·Multifocal PVC[多源性室早]
·Multiform PVC [多形性室早]
·Multistage stress test[多级运动试验]
·Myocardial ischemia[心肌缺血]
·Nonconducted PAC[房早末下传]
·Non-Q wave MI[非Q波性心梗]
·Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia [非持续性室速]
·Nontransmural MI[非透壁性心梗]
·Normal sinus rhythm[正常窦性心律]
·P mitrale[二尖瓣型P波]
·P Pulmonale[肺型P波]
·PAC／Premature atrial contractions[房性早搏]
·Pacemaker rhythm[起搏心律]
·Paired PVC [成对室早]
·Para-systole[并行心律]
·Paroxysmal junctional(supraventricular)tachycardia [阵发性交界(室上)性心动过速]
·Peri-infarction block[梗死周围阻滞]
·Posterior MI[后壁心梗]
·P-P interval [P-P间期]
·P-R interval [PR间期]
·P-R segment [PR段]
·Precordial Leads [胸前导联]
·Preexcitation syndrome[预激综合征]
·Ptf value[心房终未电势]
·Pulseless electrical activity[无脉性电活动]
·PVC／Premature Ventricular Contractions[室性早搏]
·Q(q) wave [Q(q)波]
·QRS Complex [ORS波]
·QT interval [QT间期]
·Quadrigeminy[四联律]
·RBBB [右束支传导阻滞]
·Reciprocal rhythm[反复心律]
·Right axis deviation [电轴右偏]
·R-On-T phenomenon [R-on-T现象]
·R-R interval [R-R间期]
·RVH／Right Ventricular hypertrophy[右室肥厚]
·Second degree[二度]
·Secondary changes[继发性改变]
·Septal MI[间隔心梗]
·Sick sinus syndrome(SSS)[病态窦房结综合征]
·Sinoatrial block [窦房阻滞]
·Sinus arrest [窦性静止]
·Sinus arrhythmia[窦性心律不齐]
·Sinus bradycardia[窦性心动过缓]
·Sinus p wave [窦性P波]
·Sinus tachycardia[窦性心动过速]
·Speed of ECG paper[心电图纸走速]
·ST segment depression [ST段压低]
·Standard Limb Leads[标准肢体导联]
·Standstill[静止]
·Strain[劳损]
·Subepicardial ischemia [心外膜下缺血]
·Supraventricular[室上性]
·T wave [T波]
·Ta wave[心房复极波]
·Tachycardia[心动过速]
·TDP／Torsade de pointes [尖端扭转型室速]
·Third degree[三度]
·TP segment [TP段]
·Treadmill test[运动平板试验]
·Trifascicular block [三分支阻滞]
·Trigeminy[三联律]
·U wave [U波]
·Unifocal PVC [单源室早]
·VAT／Ventricular activation time [心室激动时间]
·Ventricular enlargement[心室扩大]
·Ventricular fibrillation [室性颤动]
·Ventricular flutter [室性扑动]
·VT／Ventricular tachycardia [室性心动过速]
·Vulnerable period[易损期]
·Wandering atrial pacemaker[心房起搏点游走]
·Wedensky effect[魏登斯基效应]
·Wedensky facilitation[魏登斯基易化]
·Wenckedach block[文氏阻滞]
·Wenckebach phenomenon[文氏现象]
·Wide QRS complex[宽QRS波]
·Wolff-Parkinson-White(W-P-W)syndrome[W-P-W综合征]
3、超声波[ultrasonograph]
·rare tiny reflection[稀疏微波]
·many tiny reflection[较密微波]
·dense tiny reflection[密集微波]
·high reflection[高波]
·tall reflection in bunches[高束波]
·distracting reflection in bunches[分散束波]
·fluffy reflection of high amplitude[绒毛样高波]
·bundles of irregular high reflection[杂乱高波]
·liquid flat segment[液平段]
·linear scan[线阵扫查]
·sector scan[扇形扫查]
·rcflection[反射]
·refraction[折射]
·multiple reflection[多重反射]
·artifact[伪象]
·internal echo[内部回声]
·central echo[中央回声]
·strong echo;hyperecho[强回声]
·high level echo[高回声]
·equal echo(isoecho)[等回声]
·low level echo( hypoecho,mildly echo)[低回声]
·echo free area( anechoic area,echoless area)[无回声区]
·echolucent area( sonolucent region)[透声区]
·dark area(silent gone)[暗区]
·solid area[实质区]
·liquify area[液化区]
·spotty echo[斑点回声]
·echogonic dotts[点状回声]
·acoustic window(AW)[声窗]
·homogenous[均匀性]
·inhomogenous[不均匀性]
·vegetation(Veg)[赘生物]
·hump sign[驼峰征]
·strong echo(SE)[强光团]
·double light hand[双光带]
·macaroni sign[通心面征（即双光带）]
·acoustic shadow(AS)[声影]
·double edge shadow[双边影]
·fluid-fluid level with floating material sign[液-液分层征]
·falls sign[瀑布征]
·dough sign[面团征]
