#法语小点#Ces Vs. Ses/À la vôtre
Ces与Ses 是同音词，虽然意思不同，但常常易混淆，英文中 它们意思分别是 Ces (these) ses (his, her, its)。
Ces (these) and ses (his, her, its) are homophones, so no one would ever know if you mixed them up when speaking. Writing, however, is another matter. Whether out of ignorance or carelessness, it's easy* to confuse ces and ses - but it's just as easy to figure out which one is correct. All you have to do is think about what you'd say if the noun were singular, since the singular adjectives are not homophones.
For example: Il a perdu (ces/ses ?) clés. While both possibilities are grammatically and logically correct, which one to use depends on what you're trying to express. If clé were singular, would you use cette (the singular demonstrative adjective) or sa (the singular possessive adjective)? The answer to that makes it crystal clear whether you want to write ces (plural demonstrative) or ses (plural possessive):
Il a perdu cette clé (He lost this key)
> Il a perdu ces clés (He lost these keys)
Il a perdu sa clé (He lost his key)
> Il a perdu ses clés (He lost his keys)
丢一个小惯用语，法语中敬酒时的“干杯”à la vôtre，是à votre santé的缩略形式
不正式的对单独一个人说的时候可以说à la tienne
Expression: À la vôtre
Pronunciation: [a la vot(reu)]
Meaning: Cheers! To your health!
Literal translation: To yours!
Notes: The French expression à la vôtre is the most common way to toast people. It's a contraction of à votre santé, hence the feminine definite article la in the possessive pronoun la vôtre.
You can use à la vôtre with a group of people in an informal situation. In a more formal situation, whether talking to one person or to a group, it's better to say à votre santé.
The expression used to toast just one person in an informal situation is à la tienne.
说到 la vôtre，顺便复习一下所有格代名词的用法。
Possessive pronouns are the words which replace nouns modified by possessive adjectives. In French there are different forms of possessive pronouns depending on whether the noun is masculine or feminine, singular or plural. These forms are spelled out in the table at the end of this lesson.
French and English possessive pronouns are very similar in usage. However, the French possessive pronoun must match the noun being replaced in number and gender, and the appropriate definite article must be used.
Je vois ton frère, mais le mien n'est pas encore arrivé.
I see your brother, but mine hasn't arrived yet.
Je déteste ma voiture ; la tienne est beaucoup plus jolie.
I hate my car; yours is much prettier.
Mes parents sont en France. Où habitent les vôtres ?
My parents are in France. Where do yours live?
Cette tasse... c'est la tienne ou la mienne ?
This cup... is it yours or mine?
When the possessive pronoun is preceded by à or de, the preposition contracts with the definite article:
Tu parles à ton frère ; je vais parler au mien.
You talk to your brother; I'm going to talk to mine.
Ils sont fiers de leurs enfants et nous sommes fiers des nôtres.
They are proud of their kids and we are proud of ours.
Singular Plural
English Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
mine le mien la mienne les miens les miennes
yours (tu form) le tien la tienne les tiens les tiennes
his, hers, its le sien la sienne les siens les siennes
ours le nôtre la nôtre les nôtres les nôtres
yours (vous form) le vôtre la vôtre les vôtres les vôtres
theirs le leur la leur les
以上外文部分选自 About.com
Ces (these) and ses (his, her, its) are homophones, so no one would ever know if you mixed them up when speaking. Writing, however, is another matter. Whether out of ignorance or carelessness, it's easy* to confuse ces and ses - but it's just as easy to figure out which one is correct. All you have to do is think about what you'd say if the noun were singular, since the singular adjectives are not homophones.
For example: Il a perdu (ces/ses ?) clés. While both possibilities are grammatically and logically correct, which one to use depends on what you're trying to express. If clé were singular, would you use cette (the singular demonstrative adjective) or sa (the singular possessive adjective)? The answer to that makes it crystal clear whether you want to write ces (plural demonstrative) or ses (plural possessive):
Il a perdu cette clé (He lost this key)
> Il a perdu ces clés (He lost these keys)
Il a perdu sa clé (He lost his key)
> Il a perdu ses clés (He lost his keys)
丢一个小惯用语，法语中敬酒时的“干杯”à la vôtre，是à votre santé的缩略形式
不正式的对单独一个人说的时候可以说à la tienne
Expression: À la vôtre
Pronunciation: [a la vot(reu)]
Meaning: Cheers! To your health!
Literal translation: To yours!
Notes: The French expression à la vôtre is the most common way to toast people. It's a contraction of à votre santé, hence the feminine definite article la in the possessive pronoun la vôtre.
You can use à la vôtre with a group of people in an informal situation. In a more formal situation, whether talking to one person or to a group, it's better to say à votre santé.
The expression used to toast just one person in an informal situation is à la tienne.
说到 la vôtre，顺便复习一下所有格代名词的用法。
Possessive pronouns are the words which replace nouns modified by possessive adjectives. In French there are different forms of possessive pronouns depending on whether the noun is masculine or feminine, singular or plural. These forms are spelled out in the table at the end of this lesson.
French and English possessive pronouns are very similar in usage. However, the French possessive pronoun must match the noun being replaced in number and gender, and the appropriate definite article must be used.
Je vois ton frère, mais le mien n'est pas encore arrivé.
I see your brother, but mine hasn't arrived yet.
Je déteste ma voiture ; la tienne est beaucoup plus jolie.
I hate my car; yours is much prettier.
Mes parents sont en France. Où habitent les vôtres ?
My parents are in France. Where do yours live?
Cette tasse... c'est la tienne ou la mienne ?
This cup... is it yours or mine?
When the possessive pronoun is preceded by à or de, the preposition contracts with the definite article:
Tu parles à ton frère ; je vais parler au mien.
You talk to your brother; I'm going to talk to mine.
Ils sont fiers de leurs enfants et nous sommes fiers des nôtres.
They are proud of their kids and we are proud of ours.
Singular Plural
English Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
mine le mien la mienne les miens les miennes
yours (tu form) le tien la tienne les tiens les tiennes
his, hers, its le sien la sienne les siens les siennes
ours le nôtre la nôtre les nôtres les nôtres
yours (vous form) le vôtre la vôtre les vôtres les vôtres
theirs le leur la leur les
以上外文部分选自 About.com
