施莱格尔兄弟 Schlegel
历史比较语言学的草创者施莱格尔的名字又在文学概论里作为首次提出浪漫主义的人物出现了。
以前分不清施莱格尔和施莱歇尔，好不容易弄清了之后，施莱格尔竟然是两兄弟。那么到底哪个才是语言学提到的那个呢？
百度百科里对历史比较语言学的介绍里提到：“1808年, 德国浪漫诗人施勒格尔（1772－1829年） 发表了题为《论印度人的语言和智慧》的学术论文。他强调语言内部结构方面的研究，指出梵语和拉丁语、希腊语、日耳曼语等在词汇及语法关系方面有着亲缘关系，并首次使用了“比较语法”这一术语。”
按生卒年看来，应该是弟弟Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel。
又说到：“小施莱格尔的先验诗学，若是没有康德与唯心论哲学的影响，根本无从谈起；另一方面，他的研究同时受到语文学以及刚刚兴起的历史比较语言学（包括其兄奥古斯特·冯·施莱格尔）的影响。”
原来哥哥弟弟不仅都是浪漫主义诗人而且都对历史比较语言学作出过贡献。只是笔记上提到的草创者应该是指弟弟而已。
附：
德国浪漫主义的代表人物，莎翁剧作最出色的德语译者，施莱格尔兄弟中的威廉•冯•施莱格尔August Wilhelm von Schlegel，人称大施莱格尔，曾在波恩大学教书。此君执教非常具有仪式化色彩。上课之前，他的仆人先进教室，把蜡烛摆好，把他喜欢喝的糖开水调好。然后，仆人消失。然后仆人再次出现，把施大师的手提箱拿到教室，并点燃蜡烛。然后施莱格尔翩然驾到，开始上课。
据说有一次，仆人将这套架势照例摆完后，施莱格尔进入教室，发现空无一人。正要发飙了，施大师却看见一些搬运工进入教室，在每一个学生桌上放上蜡烛，点燃，再把各种讲义摆好。然后，一个搬运工恭敬地守在门边，拉开门，学生们这才鱼贯而入。施莱格尔被这个场面惊得目瞪口呆。而这次行为艺术的策划者，正是当时在波恩大学读书的海涅。
Schlegel was born at Hanover, where his father, Johann Adolf Schlegel, was a Lutheran pastor. He was educated at the Hanover gymnasium and at the university of Göttingen. With his brother Friedrich, the principal philosopher of German romanticism, he founded Athenaeum (1798-1800), the chief journal of the movement. Having spent some years as a tutor in the house of a banker at Amsterdam, he went to Jena, where, in 1796, he married Karoline, the widow of the physician Böhmer and in 1798 was appointed extraordinary professor. Here he began his translation of Shakespeare, which was ultimately completed, under the superintendence of Ludwig Tieck, by Tieck's daughter Dorothea and Wolf Heinrich Graf von Baudissin. This rendering is one of the best poetical translations in German, or indeed in any language. At Jena Schlegel contributed to Schiller's periodicals the Horen and the Musenalmanach; and with his brother Friedrich he conducted the Athenaeum, the organ of the Romantic school. He also published a volume of poems, and carried on a rather bitter controversy with Kotzebue.
At this time the two brothers were remarkable for the vigour and freshness of their ideas, and commanded respect as the leaders of the new Romantic criticism. A volume of their joint essays appeared in 1801 under the title Charakteristiken und Kritiken. In 1802 Schlegel went to Berlin, where he delivered lectures on art and literature; and in the following year he published Ion, a tragedy in Euripidean style, which gave rise to a suggestive discussion on the principles of dramatic poetry. This was followed by Spanisches Theater (2 vols, 1803/1809), in which he presented admirable translations of five of Calderon's plays; and in another volume, Blumensträusse italienischer, spanischer und portugiesischer Poesie (1804), he gave translations of Spanish, Portuguese and Italian lyrics.
In 1807 he attracted much attention in France by an essay in the French language, Comparaison entre la Phèdre de Racine et celle d'Euripide, in which he attacked French classicism from the standpoint of the Romantic school. His lectures on dramatic art and literature (Über dramatische Kunst und Literatur, 1809-1811), which have been translated into most European languages, were delivered at Vienna in 1808. Meanwhile, after a divorce from his wife Karoline, in 1804, he travelled in France, Germany, Italy and other countries with Madame de Staël, who owed to him many of the ideas which she embodied in her work, De l'Allemagne.
In 1813 he acted as secretary of the crown prince of Sweden, through whose influence the right of his family to noble rank was revived. Schlegel was made a professor of literature at the university of Bonn in 1818, and during the remainder of his life occupied himself chiefly with oriental studies, although he continued to lecture on art and literature, and in 1828 he issued two volumes of critical writings (Kritische Schriften). In 1823-1830 he published the journal Indische Bibliothek and edited (1823) the Bhagavad Gita with a Latin translation, and (1829) the Ramayana. These works mark the beginning of Sanskrit scholarship in Germany.
After the death of Madame de Staël, Schlegel married (1818) a daughter of Professor Paulus of Heidelberg; but this union was dissolved in 1821.
He died at Bonn in 1845.
=========兄弟分割线===========
Schlegel was born at Hanover. He studied law at Göttingen and Leipzig, but ultimately devoted himself entirely to literary studies. He published in 1797 Die Griechen und Römer (The Greeks and Romans), which was followed by Geschichte der Poesie der Griechen und Römer (The History of the Poetry of the Greeks and Romans) (1798). At Jena, where he lectured as a Privatdozent at the university, he co-founded the Athenaeum, contributing to that journal the aphorisms and essays in which the principles of the Romantic school are most definitely stated. Here also he wrote Lucinde (1799), an unfinished romance, which is interesting as an attempt to transfer to practical ethics the Romantic demand for complete individual freedom, and Alarcos, a tragedy (1802) in which, without much success, he combined romantic and classical elements.
In 1802 he went to Paris, where he edited the review Europa (1803), lectured on philosophy and carried on Oriental studies, some results of which he embodied in an epoch-making book, Über die Sprache und Weisheit der Indier (On the Language and Wisdom of India) (1808). In the same year in which this work appeared, he and his wife Dorothea (1763-1839), a daughter of Moses Mendelssohn and the mother of Philipp Veit, joined the Roman Catholic Church, and from this time he became more and more opposed to the principles of political and religious freedom. He went to Vienna and in 1809 was appointed imperial court secretary at the headquarters of the archduke Charles.
At a later period he was councillor of legation in the Austrian embassy at the Frankfurt diet, but in 1818 he returned to Vienna. Meanwhile he had published his collected Geschichte (Histories) (1809) and two series of lectures, Über die neuere Geschichte (On the New History) (1811) and Geschichte der alten und neuen Literatur (On old and new literature) (1815). After his return to Vienna from Frankfurt he edited Concordia (1820-1823), and began the issue of his Sämtliche Werke (Collected Works). He also delivered lectures, which were republished in his Philosophie des Lebens (Philosophy of Life) (1828) and in his Philosophie der Geschichte (Philosophy of History) (1829). He died on 11 January 1829 at Dresden.
A permanent place in the history of German literature belongs to Friedrich Schlegel and his brother August Wilhelm as the critical leaders of the Romantic school, which derived from them most of its governing ideas as to the characteristics of the Middle Ages, and as to the methods of literary expression. Of the two brothers, Friedrich was unquestionably the more original genius. He was the real founder of the Romantic school; to him more than to any other member of the school we owe the revolutionizing and germinating ideas which influenced so profoundly the development of German literature at the beginning of the 19th century.
Friedrich Schlegel's wife, Dorothea, was the author of an unfinished romance, Florentin (180,), a Sammlung romantischer Dichtungen des Mittelalters (Collection of Romantic Writings of the Middle Ages) (2 vols., 1804), a version of Lother und Maller (1805), and a translation of Madame de Staël's Corinne (1807-1808)--all of which were issued under her husband's name. By her first marriage she had a son, Philipp Veit, who became an eminent painter.
According to Arvidsson, writers like Bernal have unjustly claimed that Schlegel was a racist.
以前分不清施莱格尔和施莱歇尔，好不容易弄清了之后，施莱格尔竟然是两兄弟。那么到底哪个才是语言学提到的那个呢？
百度百科里对历史比较语言学的介绍里提到：“1808年, 德国浪漫诗人施勒格尔（1772－1829年） 发表了题为《论印度人的语言和智慧》的学术论文。他强调语言内部结构方面的研究，指出梵语和拉丁语、希腊语、日耳曼语等在词汇及语法关系方面有着亲缘关系，并首次使用了“比较语法”这一术语。”
按生卒年看来，应该是弟弟Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel。
又说到：“小施莱格尔的先验诗学，若是没有康德与唯心论哲学的影响，根本无从谈起；另一方面，他的研究同时受到语文学以及刚刚兴起的历史比较语言学（包括其兄奥古斯特·冯·施莱格尔）的影响。”
原来哥哥弟弟不仅都是浪漫主义诗人而且都对历史比较语言学作出过贡献。只是笔记上提到的草创者应该是指弟弟而已。
附：
德国浪漫主义的代表人物，莎翁剧作最出色的德语译者，施莱格尔兄弟中的威廉•冯•施莱格尔August Wilhelm von Schlegel，人称大施莱格尔，曾在波恩大学教书。此君执教非常具有仪式化色彩。上课之前，他的仆人先进教室，把蜡烛摆好，把他喜欢喝的糖开水调好。然后，仆人消失。然后仆人再次出现，把施大师的手提箱拿到教室，并点燃蜡烛。然后施莱格尔翩然驾到，开始上课。
据说有一次，仆人将这套架势照例摆完后，施莱格尔进入教室，发现空无一人。正要发飙了，施大师却看见一些搬运工进入教室，在每一个学生桌上放上蜡烛，点燃，再把各种讲义摆好。然后，一个搬运工恭敬地守在门边，拉开门，学生们这才鱼贯而入。施莱格尔被这个场面惊得目瞪口呆。而这次行为艺术的策划者，正是当时在波恩大学读书的海涅。
Schlegel was born at Hanover, where his father, Johann Adolf Schlegel, was a Lutheran pastor. He was educated at the Hanover gymnasium and at the university of Göttingen. With his brother Friedrich, the principal philosopher of German romanticism, he founded Athenaeum (1798-1800), the chief journal of the movement. Having spent some years as a tutor in the house of a banker at Amsterdam, he went to Jena, where, in 1796, he married Karoline, the widow of the physician Böhmer and in 1798 was appointed extraordinary professor. Here he began his translation of Shakespeare, which was ultimately completed, under the superintendence of Ludwig Tieck, by Tieck's daughter Dorothea and Wolf Heinrich Graf von Baudissin. This rendering is one of the best poetical translations in German, or indeed in any language. At Jena Schlegel contributed to Schiller's periodicals the Horen and the Musenalmanach; and with his brother Friedrich he conducted the Athenaeum, the organ of the Romantic school. He also published a volume of poems, and carried on a rather bitter controversy with Kotzebue.
At this time the two brothers were remarkable for the vigour and freshness of their ideas, and commanded respect as the leaders of the new Romantic criticism. A volume of their joint essays appeared in 1801 under the title Charakteristiken und Kritiken. In 1802 Schlegel went to Berlin, where he delivered lectures on art and literature; and in the following year he published Ion, a tragedy in Euripidean style, which gave rise to a suggestive discussion on the principles of dramatic poetry. This was followed by Spanisches Theater (2 vols, 1803/1809), in which he presented admirable translations of five of Calderon's plays; and in another volume, Blumensträusse italienischer, spanischer und portugiesischer Poesie (1804), he gave translations of Spanish, Portuguese and Italian lyrics.
In 1807 he attracted much attention in France by an essay in the French language, Comparaison entre la Phèdre de Racine et celle d'Euripide, in which he attacked French classicism from the standpoint of the Romantic school. His lectures on dramatic art and literature (Über dramatische Kunst und Literatur, 1809-1811), which have been translated into most European languages, were delivered at Vienna in 1808. Meanwhile, after a divorce from his wife Karoline, in 1804, he travelled in France, Germany, Italy and other countries with Madame de Staël, who owed to him many of the ideas which she embodied in her work, De l'Allemagne.
In 1813 he acted as secretary of the crown prince of Sweden, through whose influence the right of his family to noble rank was revived. Schlegel was made a professor of literature at the university of Bonn in 1818, and during the remainder of his life occupied himself chiefly with oriental studies, although he continued to lecture on art and literature, and in 1828 he issued two volumes of critical writings (Kritische Schriften). In 1823-1830 he published the journal Indische Bibliothek and edited (1823) the Bhagavad Gita with a Latin translation, and (1829) the Ramayana. These works mark the beginning of Sanskrit scholarship in Germany.
After the death of Madame de Staël, Schlegel married (1818) a daughter of Professor Paulus of Heidelberg; but this union was dissolved in 1821.
He died at Bonn in 1845.
=========兄弟分割线===========
Schlegel was born at Hanover. He studied law at Göttingen and Leipzig, but ultimately devoted himself entirely to literary studies. He published in 1797 Die Griechen und Römer (The Greeks and Romans), which was followed by Geschichte der Poesie der Griechen und Römer (The History of the Poetry of the Greeks and Romans) (1798). At Jena, where he lectured as a Privatdozent at the university, he co-founded the Athenaeum, contributing to that journal the aphorisms and essays in which the principles of the Romantic school are most definitely stated. Here also he wrote Lucinde (1799), an unfinished romance, which is interesting as an attempt to transfer to practical ethics the Romantic demand for complete individual freedom, and Alarcos, a tragedy (1802) in which, without much success, he combined romantic and classical elements.
In 1802 he went to Paris, where he edited the review Europa (1803), lectured on philosophy and carried on Oriental studies, some results of which he embodied in an epoch-making book, Über die Sprache und Weisheit der Indier (On the Language and Wisdom of India) (1808). In the same year in which this work appeared, he and his wife Dorothea (1763-1839), a daughter of Moses Mendelssohn and the mother of Philipp Veit, joined the Roman Catholic Church, and from this time he became more and more opposed to the principles of political and religious freedom. He went to Vienna and in 1809 was appointed imperial court secretary at the headquarters of the archduke Charles.
At a later period he was councillor of legation in the Austrian embassy at the Frankfurt diet, but in 1818 he returned to Vienna. Meanwhile he had published his collected Geschichte (Histories) (1809) and two series of lectures, Über die neuere Geschichte (On the New History) (1811) and Geschichte der alten und neuen Literatur (On old and new literature) (1815). After his return to Vienna from Frankfurt he edited Concordia (1820-1823), and began the issue of his Sämtliche Werke (Collected Works). He also delivered lectures, which were republished in his Philosophie des Lebens (Philosophy of Life) (1828) and in his Philosophie der Geschichte (Philosophy of History) (1829). He died on 11 January 1829 at Dresden.
A permanent place in the history of German literature belongs to Friedrich Schlegel and his brother August Wilhelm as the critical leaders of the Romantic school, which derived from them most of its governing ideas as to the characteristics of the Middle Ages, and as to the methods of literary expression. Of the two brothers, Friedrich was unquestionably the more original genius. He was the real founder of the Romantic school; to him more than to any other member of the school we owe the revolutionizing and germinating ideas which influenced so profoundly the development of German literature at the beginning of the 19th century.
Friedrich Schlegel's wife, Dorothea, was the author of an unfinished romance, Florentin (180,), a Sammlung romantischer Dichtungen des Mittelalters (Collection of Romantic Writings of the Middle Ages) (2 vols., 1804), a version of Lother und Maller (1805), and a translation of Madame de Staël's Corinne (1807-1808)--all of which were issued under her husband's name. By her first marriage she had a son, Philipp Veit, who became an eminent painter.
According to Arvidsson, writers like Bernal have unjustly claimed that Schlegel was a racist.
