Chen Ning Yang
Yang Chen Ning Yang, Hefei, Anhui Province people. Well-known Chinese-American scientist, physics master, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics. Since 1957, with Lee's Particle strong, weak, and electromagnetic interaction of three basis; addition and has worked in statistical physics, condensed matter physics, quantum field theory, mathematical physics and other fields important to make a number of excellent contributions. Chinese name: Yang Nationality: American Birthplace: Anhui Date of birth: October 1, 1922 Occupation: scientists, physicists, School: Southwestern University of Chicago main achievements: in 1957 won the Connaught Bell Prize in Physics representative works: In particle physics 2. 3 in statistical mechanics. In honor of condensed matter physics book chronology 1942 1938 1922 1945 1944 1956 1949 1948 1971 1957 1996 1994 1986 Kunming anecdotes about school life during the gathering of distinguished eldest son of the Yang regret Introduction World Federation of biographies of instructors unified science professor emeritus, the World Academy of Sciences
primitive youth uniform Yang
, the International Federation of Unified instructors learn Honorary Professor Yang served as World Academy of Sciences Advanced Study in Princeton Professor, SUNY Stony Brook, Albert Einstein Professor and Director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics; and since 1986, as the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Distinguished Professor; in 1997 as the honorary director of Center for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University; 1999 from Stony Brook, retired professor at Tsinghua University the same year as the end of 2003 to settle back to Beijing; and has access to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academia Sinica of Taiwan, the Holy See Pontifical Academy of Sciences (Institute of Pope ) and several European and Latin American Academy Fellowship, and several honorary doctorates University, November 2004 appointed Professor of Hainan University. Father
Yang
father, Yang Wu of the University of Chicago Ph.D. in Mathematics, Tsinghua University, and after returning to a former Head of the Department of Mathematics Southwest Associated University for many years. 1942 years ago, Yang was October 1, 1922 was born in Hefei, Anhui (later of his date of birth, passport in 1945 mistakenly written on the September 22, 1922). He was born not a year old, his father Yang Wu of obtaining public funds in America are born abroad. 4 years old, his mother began to teach him Chinese character recognition, more than 1 year's time to teach his three thousand words. Yang primary school, math and language scores are good. Has not graduated from high school to admitted to the Southwest, it was in 1938, he was 16 years old. 1942, 20-year-old Yang graduated from college, soon into the Southwestern Research Institute Chen Ning Yang in 1942, graduated in 1942 after the National Southwest Associated University in Kunming, graduate school in the school in 1944. He then obtain a scholarship to study abroad in 1945, the United States, studying at the University of Chicago, PhD. In 1949, Chen Ning Yang Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton into a post-doctoral research work, started cooperation with the Lee. The then president of Oppenheimer said he liked to see the picture, that is, Yang, Lee walked on the grass at Princeton. In 1966, he long taught at SUNY Stony Brook, founded and chaired the school's Institute for Theoretical Physics. He is also a Fellow of National Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vatican Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Foreign Member, Taiwan, Yang returned to visit in summer 1971, is well-known American scholar who visited the first new China. His promotion of Sino-US relations, Sino-US Science and Technology
Yang and Weng Fan wedding
educational exchange a lot of work. He employed as Peking University, Fudan University, China University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan University, Honorary Professor of Nankai University and other schools, members of the Academic Committee, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1957, Yang and Lee proposed parity violation due to the common theory won the Nobel Prize in Physics. Both of them were the first Nobel Prize-winning Chinese. After the two become enemies due to seniority issues. Since 1962, Yang Guang Yang-year-old son, Enoch had
Yang and Weng Fan
said, cooperation situation. Wu Ta-Fu Xin said: and Liang Enzo, who founded in Boston, Chen Ning Yang received awards in 1980 Rumford Prize (Rumford), 1986 was awarded the National Medal of Science. Yang now lives in the marriage emotional Tsinghua University in Beijing, Dongguan, Guangdong Institute of Technology who is also honorary president. Yang Du Yuming knot fat wife is the daughter of Du Zhili, passed away in October 2003. Late 2004 to early 2005, 82-year-old and 28-year-old Yang, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies Graduate Student Translation Weng Fan once again into the marriage hall. Yang and Weng Fan (20) children born in 1951, the eldest son Yang Guang Connaught, Yang promise became a computer engineer, the second son of Guang-Yu Yang was born in 1958, he became a chemist, Yang and Li 1961, the daughter was born, she became a doctor. Currently, the three children all moved to the States. Yang style (19) the contribution of physics achievement Yang a wide range, including particle physics, statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics. Found together with the parity violation in addition to Lee, the Yang and Mills also took the lead (RLMills) put forward the equation. American physicist and Nobel Prize winner segue (E. Segre) praised Yang is Parity violation theory: he and Lee made the basis of the weak nuclear force between the particles did not mirror symmetry, in violation of
Yang
time understanding the physical home. After the theory was Wu's experiments. Yang - Mills theory: He and Robert Mills (Robert Mills) proposed the theory of the standard model of particle physics is the basic theory. Of theoretical and phenomenological analysis of the structure he has a wide range of contributions. His work has a special style: independence and create a strong, far-reaching vision. Yang and the Nobel Prize (3) 1. Particle physics in his most outstanding contribution to the 1954 Adams and co-sponsored RL mil Yang - mil Si field theory, opened up a non-Abel gauge field of the new research field of modern gauge field theories (including the electroweak unified theory, theory of quantum chromodynamics, grand unified theory, the gravitational field of the gauge theory, ... ...) laid the foundation. Yang - mil Adams Field Equations S. Donaldson was recently quoted mathematicians, obtained a major breakthrough on the topology. Another outstanding contribution Yang is: Tsung-Dao Lee in 1956 and co-depth study at the time of the θ-τ perplexing mystery - that is, later called the K meson decay in two different ways. A decay to even-parity state, a decay into odd-parity states; weak decay process if parity conservation, they must be two states of different parity K meson. But the quality and life expectancy, they are should be the same meson. - Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee recognized through the analysis, it is possible parity nonconservation in weak interaction. They carefully examined all past experiments, and confirmed these experiments did not prove that conservation of parity in weak interactions. On this basis, they further proposed several test weak interaction parity violation experiment way. The following year, this theory predicted the experimental group by Wu confirmed. Therefore, the work of Yang and Lee quickly recognized by the academic community, and get the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. A scientific work, in his second year won the Nobel Prize, this is the first time. Great Yang (17) in particle physics, the Yang's other contributions include: Fermi - Yang model (1949), and Lee co-operation of the two-component neutrino theory (1957), and Lee and R. Auch Mei cooperation on C (charge conjugation transformation) and T (time reversal transformation) is not conserved in the analysis (1957), and Lee co-operation of high-energy neutrino experiment (1959) and research on the W particle (1960 1962). Cooperation with the Wu Dajun CP (parity) is not conserved Analysis (1964), the integral form of gauge field theory (1974), and Wu Dajun gauge field of cooperation between the fiber bundles (1975), Zou Zude cooperation with the high-energy collision theory (1967 ~ 1985). 2. In statistical mechanics Yang's contributions include: two dimensional Ising model of spontaneous magnetization (1952), and Lee co-operation on the theory of phase transitions (1952), and Yang Zhenping cooperation of several models on the strict solution (1966 1985). 3. In condensed matter physics Chen Ning Yang's contributions include: cooperation with N. Byers's explanation of the magnetic flux quantum (1961), the concept of off-diagonal long program (1962) and so on. Yang summer visit to the People's Republic in 1971, is well-known American scholar who visited the first of new China. After he returned to the United States, the promotion of Sino-US relations and promote mutual understanding between the two peoples and promote Sino-US scientific and technological and educational exchanges are a lot of work. Yang employed as Peking University, Fudan University Cang Long, China Science and Technology University, Zhongshan University and other schools Honorary Professor, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of High Energy Physics Academic Committee. Yang has published about 200 works of scientific papers and reports, representative of The first book in the language level (Jiangsu Education Publishing House). Asian Song OK 19-year-old went to the Aberdeen fishing to make music in Guangzhou in Guangzhou, said the emotion just like the old fire soup. He said, and Yang Xu Rongkai couples are friends, he put the Chinese lyrics to the two people, ask them to help someone who is translated into English, the lyrics did not think they put it down, and soon returned a good English translation of lyrics. Nursery rhyme Honors in 1957 and Lee shared the Nobel Prize in Physics. He was awarded the National Medal of Science and has a number of honorary degrees, known as a Lee is also the same time with the first time Chinese scientists won the Nobel Prize. He is also a lot of famous domestic and foreign honorary professor of the University. According to Yang's life (19) Chronology of October 1, 1922 was born in Hefei, Anhui, admitted in 1938 graduated from Southwestern University in 1942, immediately enter the Research Institute of Tsinghua University in 1944, received a master's degree with honors in 1945, the United States into the University of Chicago Ph.D. in 1948 into 1949, Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton postdoctoral fellow, discovered in 1956 and parity violation in 1957, Lee won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1971, the first American scientists to visit China in 1986 return to participate in the meeting of the Academia Sinica in 1994, won the award of the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia Burwell (Bower) Award 1996 by the Tsinghua University, Jiaotong University, honorary doctorate two life Yang is October 1, 1922 Born in Hefei, Anhui Province (Later, his birth date in 1975 on the passport written in a careless September 22, 1922). He was born not a year old, his father Yang Wu of obtaining public funds in America are born abroad. Thus, his elementary education in the mother's completion of counseling. 4 years old, his mother began to teach him
Yang
recognize Chinese character, more than 1 year's time to teach his three thousand words. Yang recalled at age 50, said: ? He said the idea before. Read what book? Read in Called him back, he is back out. Yang recalls: , mathematics and language achievement are good. Has not graduated from high school to admitted to the Southwest, it was in 1938, he was 16 years old. 1942, 20-year-old Yang graduated from college, soon to enter the Research Institute of Tsinghua University. Two years later, he received a master's degree with honors and was admitted to a publicly funded students in America, the United States in 1945 into the University of Chicago, received his Ph.D. in 1948. In 1949, Yang entered a postdoctoral fellow at Princeton Institute for Advanced Study, began in cooperation with the Lee particle physics research, during which many of the puzzling phenomena encountered and can not be resolved. They boldly doubt, careful verification, the final overthrow of the law of parity conservation, the confusion disappears, the problem solved. Yang Nobel lecture in 1957, says: out of the door of his predicament. But Where a direction? Yang Wu Yang remember the teachings of his father: In the summer of 1971 he was the first American scientists to visit China. He said: contribute to some power. 6 years, he frequently shuttle between the United States has done much effective work of academic links. He wrote this poem: scientists with a mathematical genius. He is committed to reveal the nature of the symmetry, and these symmetries are often hidden in the mess behind the results of experimental physics. Yang appears to be a long time in the mysterious intersection of physics and mathematics work. In this area, a group of beautiful equations can be a source of inspiration, even in the absence of experimental evidence before insight into how the physical world works. This is a layman is difficult to understand the world, which is full of Greek letters of the equation on the blackboard, and seek to solve problems using mathematical inspiration. Dyson is a physicist Chen Ning Yang in the Stony Brook Symposium held in retirement, said: speculation as to his profound masterpiece. Yang has Huafa, but looks younger than his actual age is much more. He was still shuttling between New York and the Far East. He and the University of Hong Kong and Beijing are closely linked, and is based in Seoul, South Korea, a president of the Center for Theoretical Physics. On his life and times of an extensive conversation, Yang talked about his physics career, he was not about to engage in research in the field feel some regret. Yang also spoke of his childhood in China to communicate with him for a long time for the United States and his country in the scientific and cultural differences for their efforts. Yang spoke of his worry about the cracks will expand Sino-US relations, as well as the newly-born physicist Taiwan espionage suspect Wen Ho Lee investigation, Asian and Asian-American scientists will bring difficulties. Sino-US relations began to thaw in 1971, Chen Ning Yang from 1945 to the United States since the first time as a graduate student back to mainland China. He met the then Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai and other leaders to help carry out scientific cooperation between the two countries. He worried that such cooperation would be at risk. At that time, when he came back from traveling abroad, the FBI and CIA personnel often look for him. CIA officials when the first went to Yang Yang let his secretary to record their conversations, so as to avoid misunderstandings. Yang continued to maintain close ties with China, he said: He talked about some of their own experience: one from the remote areas of China, a backward city to the young students, how fortunate to participate in the 20th century, the idea of a major revolution. This revolution is trying to use a unified approach to understand the nature of the infinite diversity of the planet from the chaotic explosion of electronic vibration around the nucleus. Chen Ning Yang in 1956 the first well-known. That year he and Lee co-published an article, to overthrow the central messages of physics - conservation of parity of elementary particles and their mirror the performance is identical. For this work, the two won the 1957 Nobel Prize. In the long run, late in 1954, Yang and the pioneering work of Mills is more important. That year, both on Broad Ridge National Laboratory working paper. They proposed a non-Abelian gauge field is called the theory of structure. Later to prove that it is unified way of describing the key forces and elementary particles. Broad Ridge, a theoretical physicist Wen Ma Qinu said: But later proved that this fiber bundle from the differential geometry and abstract world of such extracted out of the math, it is described as magnetic, electric, strong nuclear force, and perhaps a significant interaction, exchange of particles in the boundary force by. Dyson sermon: to the more tense, the two broke up in 1962. Yang refused to talk about what had made their relationship became strained. He said: Yang rooted in mathematics, but he pointed out that his life's work is not divorced from the real world of the metaphysical game. He just went to the late 40 when he intends to become the University of Chicago Institute for experimental physicists. But he was soon aware of their practical ability is poor. Laboratory colleagues joked: However, due to early education, he was very interested in the details of the experiment. he likes and experimental scientists to talk very much appreciate the beautiful experiment. mainly applies to the great kingdom of gravity, but also applies to quantum dominated by small kingdom. Physicists in the 70's has been making progress in this regard. They proposed a theory called the standard model. But the standard model does not take into account the gravity. At present, the string line theory may be able to overcome this shortcoming. This theory has been modified requires ten or eleven-dimensional space - time, rather than the familiar four-dimensional space, namely the time of the Vega on the three-dimensional solid geometry. String theory has been proposed more than 20 years, it is a young theoretical physicist in the very popular. Yang in their twilight years, but do not agree with this theory. String theory or suspicion Yang theory is derived from the existence of objective reality can have all put into a concise package. Yang said: How to write a working theory, and in the ten-dimensional calculation is also a problem. Chen Ning Yang proposed physics is undergoing a transition period. Constantly looking for faster, smaller computer chips and so on applied research than basic research will be more attractive to young people. He said: become more and more expensive. . Superconducting Super Collider is to be built in the United States, a Texas elementary particle accelerator, which will reach 54 miles in diameter. Chen Ning Yang predicted that the actual needs of the computer industry will drive the sector between the microscopic and macroscopic physics, he admitted that many analysts have long predicted that the 21st century will be the century of biology, like the 20th century just past known as the century of physics. What is the environment in which Yang dominant physics in play an important role? Listen to what he said in his success, luck and ambition are equally important. Yang is more like the early years in a medieval rather than modern society. Fortunately, thanks to his colleagues and family environment as well as contact with the scholars. These as he entered the broader intellectual and cultural journey paved the way for the world. In turn, he is established through the ongoing efforts in Asia in return for first-class research center. Yang grew up in central China, a walled city - Hefei. At that time, Hefei is a small town in central Anhui (then capital of Anhui Province is Anqing), the city's streets are no roads, very narrow gate, which opened 30 years to when the first car can not pass. Majority of the population is illiterate. The occlusion, Yang until 6 years old the first time saw the banana. Zu Yang's father was the local high school math teacher. He passed a scholarship exam, to go abroad, go to the University of Chicago study, after returning to teach at Xiamen University, later went to Tsinghua University in Beijing. Ning to follow his father embarked on my academic path. He said: His father soon found his son a genius for mathematics, but did not directly teach him mathematics. Yang said: But his father also recognized the need for a balanced education. Yang finished in the middle schools, my father invited a colleague to teach him classical Chinese. After two summers of intensive studies, the young disciple of Confucius, Yang could recite all the works of Mencius. Japanese invasion in 1937, Yang's grandfather was forced to leave Peking, Southwest Associated University in Kunming to teach. Yang's father continued to go good luck. After several decades Young Yang also got this university, was taught by some of the most outstanding scientists. Some of them later went to the United States, including Chern. Chern has now retired from the University of California at Berkeley, many people think he is now living the most important differential geometer. In Kunming, Yang began to improve his English. He decided not to use a dictionary to read English novels. His first novel is a selection of Robert Louis Stevenson's This novel has the slang and the sea, so very hard to say. He spent a week, finished the book, then read Austen's After these two books in the familiar, Yang said: To the United States after he named Frank, and the English name of the first child is taken to Franklin. Yang's father in 1945 by the Boxer Indemnity scholarship to the United States. Princeton University, Yang's father received, but he has to worship the brilliant Italian physicist Fermi as a teacher, went to the University of Chicago and later known as the father of the hydrogen bomb under the guidance of Taylor wrote a doctoral thesis. After only four written papers. Taylor persuaded Chen Ning Yang, in any case, a doctoral dissertation is only four are always too short, to him longer. He did, and added to the 23. With outstanding achievements in physics, he turned to the Far East. Yang will donate his manuscripts and letters to the Chinese University of Hong Kong, rather than to the New York State University at Stony Brook. He is a visiting professor at Chinese University. Yang did not rule out the possibility that he moved back to China because of his back after he and his wife have been married for 50 years, Du Zhili will get better care. ? Recently, bow at the State University Hospital, Stony Brook had three tumors, with good results. Yang Long Island still feel very comfortable, not like to move away from his three adult children have been around. Three of them have been science degree. Yang said: Guangyu second son is a doctor of chemistry, lived in New York City, for J. P. Chemical Industry Finance Company of Marg. Montague daughter and ceremony is to take the state Levin Stearns County, a doctor. Yang became a U.S. citizen in 1964. He said: the age of 60, a He read a 9th century poem by the Tang poet Li Shangyin: sunset is magnificent, it is almost dusk. Early 20th century, another writer and father's friend Yang - qing, the two lines poem read: But the setting sun is infinitely good, why melancholy dusk. After a lifetime in the thinking of the mystery of nature after the Yang that the transformation of a more accurate description of his later ideas. Anecdotes of life in Kunming High School during the academic study of the VIII Summer 1938 candidates, in view of war was removed to the rear of the students displaced very much, the National Government announced a measure to the Ministry of Education: All students, no diploma, according to equivalent University applicants. Get this message, along with any of Southwest's father, a professor of mathematics of the move to Kunming, Yang Yang Wu, in his father's encouragement and support to enroll in early education sophomore unified entrance examination. National Office of the institutions sent to the admissions committee of Kunming Yang's ticket as the Yang family to Queensland from the spring of 1938, the first to live in the Southwest, between the culture of Yunnan University, No. 11, Lane. The alley north of Kunming City, the original remote and desolate feet, nettle clusters of land, also known as nettle Lane. Along with faculty moving into the General Assembly, except lane Yang, there are a professor of physics and Huobing Quan Zhao Zhongyao were admitted to the 19, 43, Pu Liu, Professor, Department of Chemistry 41, admitted to other schools, such as Professor Fei Xiaotong, Yunnan University, Department of Sociology, also has to stay in the lane, alley suddenly pervasive, and the General Assembly and other teachers and students to become the main channel and out of the city, which renamed the cultural Lane. College entrance exam that day, Yang days and does not light up bright and early, quickly eat a few mouthfuls of rice, to full of energy went into the examination room. At this time, the examination room only to a handful of several students. Yang wearing neat school uniforms, happily picking ticket, according to affix the time of passing through Hankow photos, ticket with the words . As he usually studied hard, hard study stopped working, after a few days, then the excellent results, was accepted to a university. Yang High School education can only obtain the highest institution of the time --- National Southwest Associated University, it does make people feel happy and unexpected, but in turn that the tutor well-Yang Wu. In this regard, Yang April 6, 2000 in Nanjing, entitled a very strong academic atmosphere of the garden grew Tsinghua; other hand, I found very easy math to me ... ... One day, he earnestly told his father: He encouraged his son said: father studied mathematics and physics? Oh, because there is no Nobel Prize for mathematics! Admission may be by the end of November 1938, he found himself more interested in physics, but also to the Department of Physics. UN General Assembly in 1938 into the new school, the 16-year-old
Yang
The Yang is one of the youngest students. Southwest at this time, student dormitory rooms or walls are metal walls thatched room, the classroom is the tin roofs, rain will be knocking ringing. Classroom floor is dirt, not long before the depression becomes seven eight pits. No glass windows, wind-blown paper, must be something to hold him down, otherwise it will be blown off down. Lectures sitting in a chair on the right placement of the shape of ham can only put a board book of the But teachers and students Kuzhongzuole, humor mixed with said eat millet, barnyard grass, sand brown rice is the . Southwest United in the education system and curriculum development, to take Undergraduate years, must learn at least 130-140 credits (each department is not exactly the same), after passing the examination (in any system is allowed to make-up) in order to graduate, so many students can not obtain a reading of the General Assembly has graduated. Education in the General Assembly received more than 8,000 people, only 2522 people officially graduates (suspension, excluding those who join the army.) To the July 1942 graduation, the General Assembly to complete their studies by the end of Physics only 9. Yang received a BS degree after graduation, was admitted to our Institute of Physics Institute of the Ministry of Science graduate. During graduate school, Yang lives in the General Assembly of North Queensland Institute graduate dormitory. Sleeping room is a dilapidated two-story small building. Living in the same room with him there Ling Ning, Jinqi Hua and Gu Z, Huang Kun and Zhang Shoulian occasionally for a few days. The elite of the Chinese nation together in the future together, in their shabby homes in the conversation, mutual learning, together explore the mysteries of science. However, Chen Ning Yang, Department of Physics at Reading and Physics Department, although the professors trying to run from the general physical, electrical, optical, radio, modern physics and five laboratories, but the lack of equipment, laboratory inadequate emphasis on research work had in theory, teachers are mostly limited to the research of theoretical. July 1944, the Institute six graduate degrees. At this point, by the Master of Science degree in Yang was 21 years old, is six graduates of the youngest. Yang in the General Assembly a short period of 6 years, but then his life had a huge impact. Chen Ning Yang in the
primitive youth uniform Yang
, the International Federation of Unified instructors learn Honorary Professor Yang served as World Academy of Sciences Advanced Study in Princeton Professor, SUNY Stony Brook, Albert Einstein Professor and Director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics; and since 1986, as the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Distinguished Professor; in 1997 as the honorary director of Center for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University; 1999 from Stony Brook, retired professor at Tsinghua University the same year as the end of 2003 to settle back to Beijing; and has access to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academia Sinica of Taiwan, the Holy See Pontifical Academy of Sciences (Institute of Pope ) and several European and Latin American Academy Fellowship, and several honorary doctorates University, November 2004 appointed Professor of Hainan University. Father
Yang
father, Yang Wu of the University of Chicago Ph.D. in Mathematics, Tsinghua University, and after returning to a former Head of the Department of Mathematics Southwest Associated University for many years. 1942 years ago, Yang was October 1, 1922 was born in Hefei, Anhui (later of his date of birth, passport in 1945 mistakenly written on the September 22, 1922). He was born not a year old, his father Yang Wu of obtaining public funds in America are born abroad. 4 years old, his mother began to teach him Chinese character recognition, more than 1 year's time to teach his three thousand words. Yang primary school, math and language scores are good. Has not graduated from high school to admitted to the Southwest, it was in 1938, he was 16 years old. 1942, 20-year-old Yang graduated from college, soon into the Southwestern Research Institute Chen Ning Yang in 1942, graduated in 1942 after the National Southwest Associated University in Kunming, graduate school in the school in 1944. He then obtain a scholarship to study abroad in 1945, the United States, studying at the University of Chicago, PhD. In 1949, Chen Ning Yang Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton into a post-doctoral research work, started cooperation with the Lee. The then president of Oppenheimer said he liked to see the picture, that is, Yang, Lee walked on the grass at Princeton. In 1966, he long taught at SUNY Stony Brook, founded and chaired the school's Institute for Theoretical Physics. He is also a Fellow of National Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vatican Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Foreign Member, Taiwan, Yang returned to visit in summer 1971, is well-known American scholar who visited the first new China. His promotion of Sino-US relations, Sino-US Science and Technology
Yang and Weng Fan wedding
educational exchange a lot of work. He employed as Peking University, Fudan University, China University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan University, Honorary Professor of Nankai University and other schools, members of the Academic Committee, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1957, Yang and Lee proposed parity violation due to the common theory won the Nobel Prize in Physics. Both of them were the first Nobel Prize-winning Chinese. After the two become enemies due to seniority issues. Since 1962, Yang Guang Yang-year-old son, Enoch had
Yang and Weng Fan
said, cooperation situation. Wu Ta-Fu Xin said: and Liang Enzo, who founded in Boston, Chen Ning Yang received awards in 1980 Rumford Prize (Rumford), 1986 was awarded the National Medal of Science. Yang now lives in the marriage emotional Tsinghua University in Beijing, Dongguan, Guangdong Institute of Technology who is also honorary president. Yang Du Yuming knot fat wife is the daughter of Du Zhili, passed away in October 2003. Late 2004 to early 2005, 82-year-old and 28-year-old Yang, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies Graduate Student Translation Weng Fan once again into the marriage hall. Yang and Weng Fan (20) children born in 1951, the eldest son Yang Guang Connaught, Yang promise became a computer engineer, the second son of Guang-Yu Yang was born in 1958, he became a chemist, Yang and Li 1961, the daughter was born, she became a doctor. Currently, the three children all moved to the States. Yang style (19) the contribution of physics achievement Yang a wide range, including particle physics, statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics. Found together with the parity violation in addition to Lee, the Yang and Mills also took the lead (RLMills) put forward the equation. American physicist and Nobel Prize winner segue (E. Segre) praised Yang is Parity violation theory: he and Lee made the basis of the weak nuclear force between the particles did not mirror symmetry, in violation of
Yang
time understanding the physical home. After the theory was Wu's experiments. Yang - Mills theory: He and Robert Mills (Robert Mills) proposed the theory of the standard model of particle physics is the basic theory. Of theoretical and phenomenological analysis of the structure he has a wide range of contributions. His work has a special style: independence and create a strong, far-reaching vision. Yang and the Nobel Prize (3) 1. Particle physics in his most outstanding contribution to the 1954 Adams and co-sponsored RL mil Yang - mil Si field theory, opened up a non-Abel gauge field of the new research field of modern gauge field theories (including the electroweak unified theory, theory of quantum chromodynamics, grand unified theory, the gravitational field of the gauge theory, ... ...) laid the foundation. Yang - mil Adams Field Equations S. Donaldson was recently quoted mathematicians, obtained a major breakthrough on the topology. Another outstanding contribution Yang is: Tsung-Dao Lee in 1956 and co-depth study at the time of the θ-τ perplexing mystery - that is, later called the K meson decay in two different ways. A decay to even-parity state, a decay into odd-parity states; weak decay process if parity conservation, they must be two states of different parity K meson. But the quality and life expectancy, they are should be the same meson. - Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee recognized through the analysis, it is possible parity nonconservation in weak interaction. They carefully examined all past experiments, and confirmed these experiments did not prove that conservation of parity in weak interactions. On this basis, they further proposed several test weak interaction parity violation experiment way. The following year, this theory predicted the experimental group by Wu confirmed. Therefore, the work of Yang and Lee quickly recognized by the academic community, and get the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. A scientific work, in his second year won the Nobel Prize, this is the first time. Great Yang (17) in particle physics, the Yang's other contributions include: Fermi - Yang model (1949), and Lee co-operation of the two-component neutrino theory (1957), and Lee and R. Auch Mei cooperation on C (charge conjugation transformation) and T (time reversal transformation) is not conserved in the analysis (1957), and Lee co-operation of high-energy neutrino experiment (1959) and research on the W particle (1960 1962). Cooperation with the Wu Dajun CP (parity) is not conserved Analysis (1964), the integral form of gauge field theory (1974), and Wu Dajun gauge field of cooperation between the fiber bundles (1975), Zou Zude cooperation with the high-energy collision theory (1967 ~ 1985). 2. In statistical mechanics Yang's contributions include: two dimensional Ising model of spontaneous magnetization (1952), and Lee co-operation on the theory of phase transitions (1952), and Yang Zhenping cooperation of several models on the strict solution (1966 1985). 3. In condensed matter physics Chen Ning Yang's contributions include: cooperation with N. Byers's explanation of the magnetic flux quantum (1961), the concept of off-diagonal long program (1962) and so on. Yang summer visit to the People's Republic in 1971, is well-known American scholar who visited the first of new China. After he returned to the United States, the promotion of Sino-US relations and promote mutual understanding between the two peoples and promote Sino-US scientific and technological and educational exchanges are a lot of work. Yang employed as Peking University, Fudan University Cang Long, China Science and Technology University, Zhongshan University and other schools Honorary Professor, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of High Energy Physics Academic Committee. Yang has published about 200 works of scientific papers and reports, representative of The first book in the language level (Jiangsu Education Publishing House). Asian Song OK 19-year-old went to the Aberdeen fishing to make music in Guangzhou in Guangzhou, said the emotion just like the old fire soup. He said, and Yang Xu Rongkai couples are friends, he put the Chinese lyrics to the two people, ask them to help someone who is translated into English, the lyrics did not think they put it down, and soon returned a good English translation of lyrics. Nursery rhyme Honors in 1957 and Lee shared the Nobel Prize in Physics. He was awarded the National Medal of Science and has a number of honorary degrees, known as a Lee is also the same time with the first time Chinese scientists won the Nobel Prize. He is also a lot of famous domestic and foreign honorary professor of the University. According to Yang's life (19) Chronology of October 1, 1922 was born in Hefei, Anhui, admitted in 1938 graduated from Southwestern University in 1942, immediately enter the Research Institute of Tsinghua University in 1944, received a master's degree with honors in 1945, the United States into the University of Chicago Ph.D. in 1948 into 1949, Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton postdoctoral fellow, discovered in 1956 and parity violation in 1957, Lee won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1971, the first American scientists to visit China in 1986 return to participate in the meeting of the Academia Sinica in 1994, won the award of the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia Burwell (Bower) Award 1996 by the Tsinghua University, Jiaotong University, honorary doctorate two life Yang is October 1, 1922 Born in Hefei, Anhui Province (Later, his birth date in 1975 on the passport written in a careless September 22, 1922). He was born not a year old, his father Yang Wu of obtaining public funds in America are born abroad. Thus, his elementary education in the mother's completion of counseling. 4 years old, his mother began to teach him
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recognize Chinese character, more than 1 year's time to teach his three thousand words. Yang recalled at age 50, said: ? He said the idea before. Read what book? Read in Called him back, he is back out. Yang recalls: , mathematics and language achievement are good. Has not graduated from high school to admitted to the Southwest, it was in 1938, he was 16 years old. 1942, 20-year-old Yang graduated from college, soon to enter the Research Institute of Tsinghua University. Two years later, he received a master's degree with honors and was admitted to a publicly funded students in America, the United States in 1945 into the University of Chicago, received his Ph.D. in 1948. In 1949, Yang entered a postdoctoral fellow at Princeton Institute for Advanced Study, began in cooperation with the Lee particle physics research, during which many of the puzzling phenomena encountered and can not be resolved. They boldly doubt, careful verification, the final overthrow of the law of parity conservation, the confusion disappears, the problem solved. Yang Nobel lecture in 1957, says: out of the door of his predicament. But Where a direction? Yang Wu Yang remember the teachings of his father: In the summer of 1971 he was the first American scientists to visit China. He said: contribute to some power. 6 years, he frequently shuttle between the United States has done much effective work of academic links. He wrote this poem: scientists with a mathematical genius. He is committed to reveal the nature of the symmetry, and these symmetries are often hidden in the mess behind the results of experimental physics. Yang appears to be a long time in the mysterious intersection of physics and mathematics work. In this area, a group of beautiful equations can be a source of inspiration, even in the absence of experimental evidence before insight into how the physical world works. This is a layman is difficult to understand the world, which is full of Greek letters of the equation on the blackboard, and seek to solve problems using mathematical inspiration. Dyson is a physicist Chen Ning Yang in the Stony Brook Symposium held in retirement, said: speculation as to his profound masterpiece. Yang has Huafa, but looks younger than his actual age is much more. He was still shuttling between New York and the Far East. He and the University of Hong Kong and Beijing are closely linked, and is based in Seoul, South Korea, a president of the Center for Theoretical Physics. On his life and times of an extensive conversation, Yang talked about his physics career, he was not about to engage in research in the field feel some regret. Yang also spoke of his childhood in China to communicate with him for a long time for the United States and his country in the scientific and cultural differences for their efforts. Yang spoke of his worry about the cracks will expand Sino-US relations, as well as the newly-born physicist Taiwan espionage suspect Wen Ho Lee investigation, Asian and Asian-American scientists will bring difficulties. Sino-US relations began to thaw in 1971, Chen Ning Yang from 1945 to the United States since the first time as a graduate student back to mainland China. He met the then Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai and other leaders to help carry out scientific cooperation between the two countries. He worried that such cooperation would be at risk. At that time, when he came back from traveling abroad, the FBI and CIA personnel often look for him. CIA officials when the first went to Yang Yang let his secretary to record their conversations, so as to avoid misunderstandings. Yang continued to maintain close ties with China, he said: He talked about some of their own experience: one from the remote areas of China, a backward city to the young students, how fortunate to participate in the 20th century, the idea of a major revolution. This revolution is trying to use a unified approach to understand the nature of the infinite diversity of the planet from the chaotic explosion of electronic vibration around the nucleus. Chen Ning Yang in 1956 the first well-known. That year he and Lee co-published an article, to overthrow the central messages of physics - conservation of parity of elementary particles and their mirror the performance is identical. For this work, the two won the 1957 Nobel Prize. In the long run, late in 1954, Yang and the pioneering work of Mills is more important. That year, both on Broad Ridge National Laboratory working paper. They proposed a non-Abelian gauge field is called the theory of structure. Later to prove that it is unified way of describing the key forces and elementary particles. Broad Ridge, a theoretical physicist Wen Ma Qinu said: But later proved that this fiber bundle from the differential geometry and abstract world of such extracted out of the math, it is described as magnetic, electric, strong nuclear force, and perhaps a significant interaction, exchange of particles in the boundary force by. Dyson sermon: to the more tense, the two broke up in 1962. Yang refused to talk about what had made their relationship became strained. He said: Yang rooted in mathematics, but he pointed out that his life's work is not divorced from the real world of the metaphysical game. He just went to the late 40 when he intends to become the University of Chicago Institute for experimental physicists. But he was soon aware of their practical ability is poor. Laboratory colleagues joked: However, due to early education, he was very interested in the details of the experiment. he likes and experimental scientists to talk very much appreciate the beautiful experiment. mainly applies to the great kingdom of gravity, but also applies to quantum dominated by small kingdom. Physicists in the 70's has been making progress in this regard. They proposed a theory called the standard model. But the standard model does not take into account the gravity. At present, the string line theory may be able to overcome this shortcoming. This theory has been modified requires ten or eleven-dimensional space - time, rather than the familiar four-dimensional space, namely the time of the Vega on the three-dimensional solid geometry. String theory has been proposed more than 20 years, it is a young theoretical physicist in the very popular. Yang in their twilight years, but do not agree with this theory. String theory or suspicion Yang theory is derived from the existence of objective reality can have all put into a concise package. Yang said: How to write a working theory, and in the ten-dimensional calculation is also a problem. Chen Ning Yang proposed physics is undergoing a transition period. Constantly looking for faster, smaller computer chips and so on applied research than basic research will be more attractive to young people. He said: become more and more expensive. . Superconducting Super Collider is to be built in the United States, a Texas elementary particle accelerator, which will reach 54 miles in diameter. Chen Ning Yang predicted that the actual needs of the computer industry will drive the sector between the microscopic and macroscopic physics, he admitted that many analysts have long predicted that the 21st century will be the century of biology, like the 20th century just past known as the century of physics. What is the environment in which Yang dominant physics in play an important role? Listen to what he said in his success, luck and ambition are equally important. Yang is more like the early years in a medieval rather than modern society. Fortunately, thanks to his colleagues and family environment as well as contact with the scholars. These as he entered the broader intellectual and cultural journey paved the way for the world. In turn, he is established through the ongoing efforts in Asia in return for first-class research center. Yang grew up in central China, a walled city - Hefei. At that time, Hefei is a small town in central Anhui (then capital of Anhui Province is Anqing), the city's streets are no roads, very narrow gate, which opened 30 years to when the first car can not pass. Majority of the population is illiterate. The occlusion, Yang until 6 years old the first time saw the banana. Zu Yang's father was the local high school math teacher. He passed a scholarship exam, to go abroad, go to the University of Chicago study, after returning to teach at Xiamen University, later went to Tsinghua University in Beijing. Ning to follow his father embarked on my academic path. He said: His father soon found his son a genius for mathematics, but did not directly teach him mathematics. Yang said: But his father also recognized the need for a balanced education. Yang finished in the middle schools, my father invited a colleague to teach him classical Chinese. After two summers of intensive studies, the young disciple of Confucius, Yang could recite all the works of Mencius. Japanese invasion in 1937, Yang's grandfather was forced to leave Peking, Southwest Associated University in Kunming to teach. Yang's father continued to go good luck. After several decades Young Yang also got this university, was taught by some of the most outstanding scientists. Some of them later went to the United States, including Chern. Chern has now retired from the University of California at Berkeley, many people think he is now living the most important differential geometer. In Kunming, Yang began to improve his English. He decided not to use a dictionary to read English novels. His first novel is a selection of Robert Louis Stevenson's This novel has the slang and the sea, so very hard to say. He spent a week, finished the book, then read Austen's After these two books in the familiar, Yang said: To the United States after he named Frank, and the English name of the first child is taken to Franklin. Yang's father in 1945 by the Boxer Indemnity scholarship to the United States. Princeton University, Yang's father received, but he has to worship the brilliant Italian physicist Fermi as a teacher, went to the University of Chicago and later known as the father of the hydrogen bomb under the guidance of Taylor wrote a doctoral thesis. After only four written papers. Taylor persuaded Chen Ning Yang, in any case, a doctoral dissertation is only four are always too short, to him longer. He did, and added to the 23. With outstanding achievements in physics, he turned to the Far East. Yang will donate his manuscripts and letters to the Chinese University of Hong Kong, rather than to the New York State University at Stony Brook. He is a visiting professor at Chinese University. Yang did not rule out the possibility that he moved back to China because of his back after he and his wife have been married for 50 years, Du Zhili will get better care. ? Recently, bow at the State University Hospital, Stony Brook had three tumors, with good results. Yang Long Island still feel very comfortable, not like to move away from his three adult children have been around. Three of them have been science degree. Yang said: Guangyu second son is a doctor of chemistry, lived in New York City, for J. P. Chemical Industry Finance Company of Marg. Montague daughter and ceremony is to take the state Levin Stearns County, a doctor. Yang became a U.S. citizen in 1964. He said: the age of 60, a He read a 9th century poem by the Tang poet Li Shangyin: sunset is magnificent, it is almost dusk. Early 20th century, another writer and father's friend Yang - qing, the two lines poem read: But the setting sun is infinitely good, why melancholy dusk. After a lifetime in the thinking of the mystery of nature after the Yang that the transformation of a more accurate description of his later ideas. Anecdotes of life in Kunming High School during the academic study of the VIII Summer 1938 candidates, in view of war was removed to the rear of the students displaced very much, the National Government announced a measure to the Ministry of Education: All students, no diploma, according to equivalent University applicants. Get this message, along with any of Southwest's father, a professor of mathematics of the move to Kunming, Yang Yang Wu, in his father's encouragement and support to enroll in early education sophomore unified entrance examination. National Office of the institutions sent to the admissions committee of Kunming Yang's ticket as the Yang family to Queensland from the spring of 1938, the first to live in the Southwest, between the culture of Yunnan University, No. 11, Lane. The alley north of Kunming City, the original remote and desolate feet, nettle clusters of land, also known as nettle Lane. Along with faculty moving into the General Assembly, except lane Yang, there are a professor of physics and Huobing Quan Zhao Zhongyao were admitted to the 19, 43, Pu Liu, Professor, Department of Chemistry 41, admitted to other schools, such as Professor Fei Xiaotong, Yunnan University, Department of Sociology, also has to stay in the lane, alley suddenly pervasive, and the General Assembly and other teachers and students to become the main channel and out of the city, which renamed the cultural Lane. College entrance exam that day, Yang days and does not light up bright and early, quickly eat a few mouthfuls of rice, to full of energy went into the examination room. At this time, the examination room only to a handful of several students. Yang wearing neat school uniforms, happily picking ticket, according to affix the time of passing through Hankow photos, ticket with the words . As he usually studied hard, hard study stopped working, after a few days, then the excellent results, was accepted to a university. Yang High School education can only obtain the highest institution of the time --- National Southwest Associated University, it does make people feel happy and unexpected, but in turn that the tutor well-Yang Wu. In this regard, Yang April 6, 2000 in Nanjing, entitled a very strong academic atmosphere of the garden grew Tsinghua; other hand, I found very easy math to me ... ... One day, he earnestly told his father: He encouraged his son said: father studied mathematics and physics? Oh, because there is no Nobel Prize for mathematics! Admission may be by the end of November 1938, he found himself more interested in physics, but also to the Department of Physics. UN General Assembly in 1938 into the new school, the 16-year-old
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The Yang is one of the youngest students. Southwest at this time, student dormitory rooms or walls are metal walls thatched room, the classroom is the tin roofs, rain will be knocking ringing. Classroom floor is dirt, not long before the depression becomes seven eight pits. No glass windows, wind-blown paper, must be something to hold him down, otherwise it will be blown off down. Lectures sitting in a chair on the right placement of the shape of ham can only put a board book of the But teachers and students Kuzhongzuole, humor mixed with said eat millet, barnyard grass, sand brown rice is the . Southwest United in the education system and curriculum development, to take Undergraduate years, must learn at least 130-140 credits (each department is not exactly the same), after passing the examination (in any system is allowed to make-up) in order to graduate, so many students can not obtain a reading of the General Assembly has graduated. Education in the General Assembly received more than 8,000 people, only 2522 people officially graduates (suspension, excluding those who join the army.) To the July 1942 graduation, the General Assembly to complete their studies by the end of Physics only 9. Yang received a BS degree after graduation, was admitted to our Institute of Physics Institute of the Ministry of Science graduate. During graduate school, Yang lives in the General Assembly of North Queensland Institute graduate dormitory. Sleeping room is a dilapidated two-story small building. Living in the same room with him there Ling Ning, Jinqi Hua and Gu Z, Huang Kun and Zhang Shoulian occasionally for a few days. The elite of the Chinese nation together in the future together, in their shabby homes in the conversation, mutual learning, together explore the mysteries of science. However, Chen Ning Yang, Department of Physics at Reading and Physics Department, although the professors trying to run from the general physical, electrical, optical, radio, modern physics and five laboratories, but the lack of equipment, laboratory inadequate emphasis on research work had in theory, teachers are mostly limited to the research of theoretical. July 1944, the Institute six graduate degrees. At this point, by the Master of Science degree in Yang was 21 years old, is six graduates of the youngest. Yang in the General Assembly a short period of 6 years, but then his life had a huge impact. Chen Ning Yang in the